Distinct Responses of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) to Drought Intensity and Length—A Review of the Impacts of the 2003 and 2018–2019 Drought Events in Central Europe

Forests, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 248 - 248

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

A combined severe heatwave and drought, starting in 2018 lasting for several months, restarted the discussion on resistance of European beech to climatic changes, with growth reductions, early leaf senescence, browning, diebacks reported across Central Europe. These responses may result long-term impacts such as reduced vitality beech, especially under potential future drought periods. While 2003 caused crown damage defoliation a loss vitality, resulting insect fungal infestations subsequent dieback, was even more terms geographical scale, duration, intensity reports complete mortality were exacerbated some regions by consecutive 2019 secondary attacks from pathogens, well further vitality. Such enhanced exposure trees could push them beyond their hydraulic safety margins. Moreover, legacy effects due past droughts lead lower recovery over time, potentially leading tree death. In order better predict Europe, both short- influence post-drought should be explored, adaptive forest management strategies evaluated. synergistic or additive interactions biotic disturbances, require investigation. Long-term monitoring data facilitates investigations beech.

Language: Английский

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Tree water uptake patterns across the globe

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(5), P. 1891 - 1910

Published: April 22, 2024

Plant water uptake from the soil is a crucial element of global hydrological cycle and essential for vegetation drought resilience. Yet, knowledge how distribution depth (WUD) varies across species, climates, seasons scarce relative to our aboveground plant functions. With literature review, we found that average WUD varied more among biomes than functional types (i.e. deciduous/evergreen broadleaves conifers), illustrating importance hydroclimate, especially precipitation seasonality, on WUD. By combining records rooting with WUD, observed consistently deeper maximum largest differences in arid regions - indicating deep taproots act as lifelines while not contributing majority uptake. The most ubiquitous observation was woody plants switch sources layers highest availability within short timescales. Hence, seasonal shifts occur globe when shallow soils are drying out, allowing continued transpiration hydraulic safety. While there still significant gaps understanding consistency ecosystems allows integration existing into next generation process models.

Language: Английский

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Technical note: On uncertainties in plant water isotopic composition following extraction by cryogenic vacuum distillation

Hydrology and earth system sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(22), P. 5835 - 5847

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

Abstract. Recent studies have challenged the interpretation of plant water isotopes obtained through cryogenic vacuum distillation (CVD) based on observations a large 2H fractionation. These hypothesized existence an H-atom exchange between and organic tissue during CVD extraction with magnitude H related to relative content sample; however, clear evidence is lacking. Here, we systematically tested uncertainties in isotopic composition CVD-extracted by conducting series incubation rehydration experiments using isotopically depleted water, at natural isotope abundance, woody materials exchangeable H, without (cellulose triacetate caffeine). We show that offsets hydrogen oxygen ratios expected reference values (Δ2H Δ18O) inversely proportional relationships absolute amount being extracted, i.e. lower amount, higher Δ2H Δ18O. However, neither nor Δ18O values, were sample content. The pattern was more pronounced for atoms than non-exchangeable atoms. This caused combined effect enrichments evaporation sublimation depend amount. itself negligible. Despite these technical issues, observed amount-dependent patterns much less samples abundance particularly low when sufficiently high amounts extracted (>600 µL). Our study provides new insights into mechanisms causing fractionation water. methodological can be controlled if are used ecohydrological studies.

Language: Английский

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Nutrient regime modulates drought response patterns of three temperate tree species

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 868, P. 161601 - 161601

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

Against the backdrop of global change, intensity, duration, and frequency droughts are projected to increase threaten forest ecosystems worldwide. Tree responses drought complex likely vary among species, characteristics, site conditions. Here, we examined response patterns three major temperate tree s. fir (Abies alba), E. beech (Fagus sylvatica), N. spruce (Picea abies), along an ecological gradient in South - Central East part Germany that included a total 37 sites with varying climatic soil We relied on annual tree-ring data assess influence different characteristics (micro-) conditions components resilience detect associated temporal changes. Our study revealed nutrient regime, frequency, hydraulic previous subsequent years were main determinants responses, pronounced differences species. Specifically, found (a) higher was resistance for beech; (b) more favorable two preceding following increased determined recovery potential after extreme drought; (c) site's rather than micro-site water availability, trees growing balanced regime having capacity withstand stress; (d) experienced long-term decline resilience. results indicate under stress benefit from supply highlight relevance availability immediately droughts. Observed trends confirm is suffering persistent changes, while coping better. These findings might be especially relevant monitoring, scenario analyses, ecosystem management.

Language: Английский

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Deep roots mitigate drought impacts on tropical trees despite limited quantitative contribution to transpiration

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 893, P. 164763 - 164763

Published: June 10, 2023

Deep rooting is considered a central drought-mitigation trait with vast impact on ecosystem water cycling. Despite its importance, little known about the overall quantitative use via deep roots and dynamic shifts of uptake depths changing ambient conditions. Knowledge especially sparse for tropical trees. Therefore, we conducted drought, soil labeling re-wetting experiment at Biosphere 2 Tropical Rainforest. We used in situ methods to determine stable isotope values tree high temporal resolution. Complemented by stem content sap flow measurements determined percentages quantities deep-water total root dynamics different species. All canopy trees had access (max. depth 3.3 m), contributions transpiration ranging between 21 % 90 during when surface availability was limited. Our results suggest that an essential source delays potentially detrimental drops plant potentials limited could hence mitigate impacts increasing drought occurrence intensity as consequence climate change. Quantitatively, however, amount low due trees' reduction drought. Total largely followed switched back their dynamically, from shallow soils, following rainfall. fluxes were driven precipitation input.

Language: Английский

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Increasing deep soil water uptake during drought does not indicate higher drought resistance

Journal of Hydrology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 630, P. 130694 - 130694

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Language: Английский

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Using stable isotopes to inform water resource management in forested and agricultural ecosystems

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 365, P. 121381 - 121381

Published: June 24, 2024

Present and future climatic trends are expected to markedly alter water fluxes stores in the hydrologic cycle.In addition, demand continues grow due increased human use a growing population.Sustainably managing resources requires thorough understanding of storage flow natural, agricultural, urban ecosystems.Measurements stable isotopes (hydrogen oxygen) cycle (atmosphere, soils, plants, surface water, groundwater) can provide information on transport pathways, sourcing, dynamics, ages, pools that is difficult obtain with other techniques.However, potential these techniques for practical questions has not been fully exploited yet.Here, we outline benefits limitations applications isotope methods useful managers, farmers, stakeholders.We also describe several case studies demonstrating how support management decision-making.Finally, propose workflow guides users through sequence decisions required apply examples issues.We call ongoing dialogue stronger connection between stakeholders practitioners identify most pressing issues develop best-practice guidelines techniques.

Language: Английский

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Photovoltaic systems promote grassland restoration by coordinating water and nutrient uptake, transport and utilization

Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 447, P. 141437 - 141437

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Shrub encroachment accelerates the processes of moisture redistribution in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Geoderma, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 454, P. 117196 - 117196

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Water use strategies for three dominant tree species in pure plantations of the semi-arid Chinese Loess Plateau

Journal of Hydrology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 132844 - 132844

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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