Characterization, costs, cues and future perspectives of phenotypic plasticity

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 130(2), P. 131 - 148

Published: June 30, 2022

Abstract Background Plastic responses of plants to the environment are ubiquitous. Phenotypic plasticity occurs in many forms and at biological scales, its adaptive value depends on specific interactions with other plant traits organisms. Even though is norm rather than exception, complex nature has been a challenge characterizing expression plasticity, for fitness environmental cues that regulate expression. Scope This review discusses characterization costs approaches, considerations, promising research directions studying plasticity. genetically controlled heritable; however, little known about how organisms perceive, interpret respond cues, genes pathways associated Not every genotype plastic trait, not infinite, suggesting trade-offs, limits The timing, specificity duration critical their fitness. Conclusions There opportunities advance our understanding phenotypic New methodology technological breakthroughs enable study across scales multiple environments. Understanding mechanisms phenotypes influences ranges would benefit areas science ranging from basic applied breeding crop improvement.

Language: Английский

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How woody plants adjust above‐ and below‐ground traits in response to sustained drought

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 239(4), P. 1173 - 1189

Published: June 12, 2023

Future increases in drought severity and frequency are predicted to have substantial impacts on plant function survival. However, there is considerable uncertainty concerning what adjustment whether plants can adjust sustained drought. This review focuses woody synthesises the evidence for a selection of key above-ground below-ground traits. We assess evaluating single traits, or selections traits that operate same functional axis (e.g. photosynthetic traits) sufficient, multi-trait approach, integrating across multiple axes, required. conclude studies adjustments might overestimate capacity drier environments if spatial along gradients used, without complementary experimental approaches. provide common traits; however, this adaptive sufficient respond future droughts remains uncertain most species. To address uncertainty, we must move towards studying trait integration within axes below-ground) gain holistic view at whole-plant scale how these influence

Language: Английский

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The evolution of plasticity at geographic range edges

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(9), P. 831 - 842

Published: May 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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Trade-offs and Trait Integration in Tree Phenotypes: Consequences for the Sustainable Use of Genetic Resources

Current Forestry Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 196 - 222

Published: March 20, 2024

Abstract Purpose of Review In this review, we synthesise current knowledge on trade-offs among traits in key fitness dimensions and identify major research gaps with the intention laying groundwork for a rapid advance tree breeding multiple objectives as contribution to sustainability planted forests future. Recent Findings Trade-offs growth, reproduction, defence, stress tolerance product quality predicted theoretically have been reported experimentally many programmes. Among these trade-offs, genetic linkage between resistance against biotic threats growth (or other relevant traits) is particularly critical future management forest resources. Maintaining wood novel environments requires assessment correlations target phenology, closely linked survival temperature extremes. Improving our drought objective trees obligates more precise definition both specific experimental conditions. Published evidence suggests that common programmes may trade-off reproductive success fire-adaptation, simultaneous improvement still remains constraint traditional breeding. Summary Changing combined pests diseases are challenging plantation forestry worldwide, which implies an urgent need develop new strategies build resilience environments. It essential better understanding how interact, especially those important production, climate threat resilience, but much information missing. Since affected by environment, studies under forecast levels multi-trait integration populations.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the connection between climatic conditions and genetic properties of Abies alba Mill., including warm and summer-dry Mediterranean environments

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 964, P. 178559 - 178559

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Abies alba Mill. is a prominent European tree species predominantly inhabiting cool and humid montane environments. However, paleoecological evidence reveals that during the Eemian mid-Holocene, A. thrived in much warmer drier climates. This capacity nowadays reflected cryptic meso- sub-Mediterranean lowland populations. To link populations across diverse climates spanning from Mediterranean lowlands to Alpine timberline, we genotyped 421 specimens Italy Switzerland at 190 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Population genetic structure analyses indicate isolated Tuscany Ticino align genetically with higher elevation each region, suggesting their thrive warmer, conditions cannot be attributed plantations planting stock originating different or occurrence of single warm-adapted lineage showing disjunct distribution, unless migration between stands occurred. Genotype-environment associations reveal temperature seasonality, precipitation critical seasons, relative humidity are important for explaining species' variation. With genotype-environment genotype-phenotype associations, identified candidate adaptive genes potentially linked climatic drought response. While certain alleles may have spread Southern could explained by shared ancestry Tuscan populations, local adaptation occurred specific loci. These findings underscore importance considering hitherto overlooked better understand niche its potential forest conservation management under global warming.

Language: Английский

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Accounting for trait variability and coordination in predictions of drought‐induced range shifts in woody plants

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 240(1), P. 23 - 40

Published: July 27, 2023

Summary Functional traits offer a promising avenue to improve predictions of species range shifts under climate change, which will entail warmer and often drier conditions. Although the conceptual foundation linking with plant performance appears solid, predictive ability individual remains generally low. In this review, we address apparent paradox, emphasizing examples woody plants associated drought responses at species' rear edge. Low reflects fact not only that dynamics tend be complex multifactorial, as well uncertainty in identification relevant limited data availability, but also trait effects are scale‐ context‐dependent. The latter results from interactions among (e.g. compensatory effects) between them environment exposure), ultimately determine persistence colonization capacity. To confront complexity, more balanced coverage main functional dimensions involved (stress tolerance, resource use, regeneration dispersal) is needed, modelling approaches must developed explicitly account for: coordination hierarchical context; variability space time its relationship exposure; effect biotic an ecological community context.

Language: Английский

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Range‐wide intraspecific variation reflects past adaptation to climate in a gypsophile Mediterranean shrub

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 112(7), P. 1533 - 1549

Published: May 13, 2024

Abstract Phenotypic differences among populations stem from the interaction between neutral and adaptive processes, phenotypic plasticity. Although clinal trait variation along climatic gradients often evolves in widely distributed species, it is unknown whether substrate specialization, such as that of Mediterranean gypsum plants, has constrained adaptation to climate. Using a common garden experiment with two contrasting watering treatments, we quantified plasticity, assessed evidence for footprints selection using F ST – Q comparisons, evaluated ecological factors driving genetically based differentiation 11 encompassing full environmental range shrub Lepidium subulatum. We found genetic related differences, warmer drier sites showing lower specific leaf area N, earlier phenology, greater water use efficiency fitness. Multiple lines suggest this was driven by past divergent rather than processes. All showed high indicating plasticity not been selected against, even harsher conditions. Synthesis . Our results indicate despite strong occurs species. However, also mesic may be particularly vulnerable future climate change given their relatively fitness under both wet dry

Language: Английский

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Variations in the plasticity of functional traits indicate the differential impacts of abiotic and biotic factors on the structure and growth of trees in tropical dry forest fragments

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Abiotic and biotic factors have considerable impact on the plasticity of plant functional traits, which influences forest structure productivity; however, their inter-relationships not been quantified for fragmented tropical dry (TDF) ecosystems. We asked following questions: (1) what are variations in traits due to soil moisture availability TDF fragments? (2) roles nutrients disturbances influencing (3) how do influence productivity Based linear mixed-effects results, we observed significant among tree species content (SMC) under canopy selected across fragments. categorized fragments by principal component analysis (PCA) hierarchical clustering components (HCPC) analyses into three types, viz ., low wood density high deciduous (LWHD), medium (HWMD), (HWLD). Assemblage suggested that LWHD type exhibits a drought-avoiding strategy, whereas HWMD HWLD adopt drought-tolerant strategy. Our study showed trait structural attributes trees types exhibit contrasting affinity with SMC, nutrients, disturbances, although was comparatively more influenced resources compared along declining SMC edge distance gradients. Plasticity exhibited greater associated conservation water resources, HWLD, exhibiting were linked higher transport. The cumulative also visible relative abundance large small sized further revealed critical differences responses coexisting TDF, suggests important endemic strategies might be prone strategic exclusion expected rises anthropogenic habitat fragmentation, resource limitations.

Language: Английский

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Phenotypic plasticity and the leaf economics spectrum: plasticity is positively associated with specific leaf area

Oikos, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022(11)

Published: July 8, 2022

Phenotypic plasticity is a key mechanism by which plants respond to changing or heterogeneous conditions. Efforts predict phenotypic across plant species have mainly focused on environmental variability abiotic conditions, i.e. site characteristics. However, the considerable variation in within sites calls for alternative approaches. Different functional groups are thought differ their levels. Further, traits such as leaf specific area (SLA), (LA) and maximum photosynthetic rate ( A max ) reflect central aspects of strategies. Lower values SLA, LA indicative resource‐conservative strategy, be associated with lower plasticity. We used meta‐analytical data test whether group (herbs, woody deciduous evergreens) four trait types: biomass allocation, size, morphology physiology. obtained from 168 accounted phylogenetic relationships all analyses. found positive relationship between SLA physiology, differences groups. In contrast, there was no evidence greater size higher SLA; rather opposite true evergreens. showed similar, but less consistent associations Our results show potential building predictive frameworks based easily measured Results also provide insights into strategies suggest existence compromises: resource‐conservative, low‐SLA tend more stress‐tolerant may able cope variable conditions due generally Further studies needed explore mechanisms implications this association.

Language: Английский

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Response of Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur L.) to Adverse Environmental Conditions in Genetic and Dendrochronological Studies

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 109 - 109

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is widely distributed across Europe and serves critical ecological, economic, recreational functions. Investigating its responses to stressors such as drought, extreme temperatures, pests, pathogens provides valuable insights into capacity adapt climate change. Genetic dendrochronological studies offer complementary perspectives on this adaptability. Tree-ring analysis (dendrochronology) reveals how Q. has historically responded environmental stressors, linking growth patterns specific conditions drought or temperature extremes. By examining tree-ring width, density, dynamics, researchers can identify periods of suppression enhancement predict forest future climatic events. further complement by uncovering adaptive genetic diversity inheritance patterns. Identifying markers associated with stress tolerance enables managers prioritize the conservation populations higher potential. These guide reforestation efforts support development climate-resilient populations. integrating data, gain a holistic understanding robur’s mechanisms resilience. This knowledge vital for management sustainable planning in face challenges, ultimately helping ensure long-term viability their ecosystems. The topics covered review are very broad. We tried include most relevant, important, significant studies, but focused mainly relatively recent Eastern European because they species’ area. However, although more than 270 published works have been cited review, we have, course, missed some studies. apologize advance authors those relevant that not cited.

Language: Английский

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