Signals from the gut microbiota to distant organs in physiology and disease

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 22(10), P. 1079 - 1089

Published: Oct. 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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The Role of Inflammation in Diabetes: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives

European Cardiology Review, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 50 - 59

Published: April 30, 2019

Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder affecting the glucose status of human body. Chronic hyperglycaemia related to diabetes associated with end organ failure. The clinical relationship between and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease well established. This makes therapeutic approaches that simultaneously target an attractive area for research. majority people fall into two broad pathogenetic categories, type 1 or 2 diabetes. role obesity, adipose tissue, gut microbiota pancreatic beta cell function in are under intensive scrutiny several trials have been completed while more development. emerging inflammation both (T1D T1D) pathophysiology disorders, has generated increasing interest targeting improve prevention control disease. After extensive review possible mechanisms drive pattern T1D T2D inflammatory pathways involved, it becomes ever clearer future research should focus on model combined suppression various response pathways.

Language: Английский

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Gut commensal Parabacteroides goldsteinii plays a predominant role in the anti-obesity effects of polysaccharides isolated from Hirsutella sinensis

Gut, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 68(2), P. 248 - 262

Published: July 14, 2018

Objective The medicinal fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis and its anamorph Hirsutella have a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine for their immunomodulatory properties. Alterations the gut microbiota been described obesity type 2 diabetes. We examined possibility that H. mycelium (HSM) isolated fractions containing polysaccharides may prevent diet-induced diabetes by modulating composition microbiota. Design High-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice were treated with HSM or different molecular weights. effects on assessed horizontal faecal transplantation (FMT), antibiotic treatment 16S rDNA-based analysis. Results Fraction H1 high-molecular weight (>300 kDa) considerably reduced body gain (∼50% reduction) metabolic disorders HFD-fed mice. These associated increased expression thermogenesis protein markers adipose tissues, enhanced integrity, intestinal systemic inflammation improved insulin sensitivity lipid metabolism. Gut analysis revealed selectively promoted growth Parabacteroides goldsteinii , commensal bacterium whose level was FMT combined showed neomycin-sensitive bacteria negatively correlated traits required H1’s anti-obesogenic effects. Notably, oral live P. tissue thermogenesis, integrity levels resistance. Conclusions represent novel prebiotics probiotics be used to treat

Language: Английский

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Contribution of adipogenesis to healthy adipose tissue expansion in obesity

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 129(10), P. 4022 - 4031

Published: Sept. 30, 2019

The manner in which white adipose tissue (WAT) expands and remodels directly impacts the risk of developing metabolic syndrome obesity. Preferential accumulation visceral WAT is associated with increased for insulin resistance, whereas subcutaneous expansion protective. Moreover, pathologic remodeling, typically characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, resistance. Healthy expansion, observed “metabolically healthy” obese, generally presence smaller more numerous adipocytes, along lower degrees inflammation fibrosis. Here, we highlight recent human rodent studies that support notion ability to recruit new fat cells through adipogenesis a critical determinant healthy distribution remodeling Furthermore, discuss advances our understanding identity tissue-resident progenitor populations made possible single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. A better stem cell biology may lead novel strategies uncouple obesity from disease.

Language: Английский

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Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Obesity: Links with Host Genetics and Epigenetics and Potential Applications

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10, P. S17 - S30

Published: Oct. 30, 2018

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Modulator of Host Metabolism and Appetite

Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 147(5), P. 727 - 745

Published: March 29, 2017

Language: Английский

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High-Glucose or -Fructose Diet Cause Changes of the Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Disorders in Mice without Body Weight Change

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 761 - 761

Published: June 13, 2018

High fat diet-induced changes in gut microbiota have been linked to intestinal permeability and metabolic endotoxemia, which is related disorders. However, the influence of a high-glucose (HGD) or high-fructose (HFrD) diet on largely unknown. We performed HGD- HFrD-fed C57BL/6J mice by 16S rRNA analysis. Gut microbiota-derived endotoxin-induced disorders were evaluated glucose insulin tolerance test, permeability, Western blot histological found that HGD HFrD groups had comparatively higher blood endotoxin levels, mass, dyslipidemia, intolerance without bodyweight. The lost microbial diversity, characterized lower proportion Bacteroidetes markedly increased Proteobacteria. Moreover, due alterations tight junction proteins caused inflammation. Hepatic inflammation lipid accumulation also groups. levels fructose regulate increase precedes development inflammation, accumulation, ultimately leading hepatic steatosis normal-weight obesity.

Language: Английский

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Factors Influencing the Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Type 2 Diabetes

Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 147(7), P. 1468S - 1475S

Published: June 14, 2017

Language: Английский

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Obesity and cancer: inflammation bridges the two

Current Opinion in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 29, P. 77 - 89

Published: July 16, 2016

Language: Английский

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Association of Body Mass Index with DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in Blood Cells and Relations to Cardiometabolic Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Approach

PLoS Medicine, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. e1002215 - e1002215

Published: Jan. 17, 2017

The link between DNA methylation, obesity, and adiposity-related diseases in the general population remains uncertain.We conducted an association study of body mass index (BMI) differential methylation for over 400,000 CpGs assayed by microarray whole-blood-derived from 3,743 participants Framingham Heart Study Lothian Birth Cohorts, with independent replication three external cohorts 4,055 participants. We examined variations whole blood gene expression Mendelian randomization analyses to investigate functional clinical relevance findings. identified novel previously reported BMI-related at 83 that replicated across cohorts; was associated concurrent changes genes lipid metabolism pathways. Genetic instrumental variable analysis alterations one CpGs, cg11024682 (intronic sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 [SREBF1]), demonstrated links BMI, traits, coronary artery disease. Independent genetic instruments SREBF1 supported findings linking adiposity cardiometabolic Methylation a substantial proportion (16 83) loci found be secondary differences BMI. However, cross-sectional nature data limits definitive causal determination.We present robust associations BMI numerous cells. provide mechanistic insights into relationship diseases.

Language: Английский

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