Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 255 - 255
Published: Jan. 30, 2023
A
high-fat
diet
is
one
of
the
causative
factors
obesity.
The
dietary
profile
fatty
acids
also
an
important
variable
in
developing
obesity,
as
saturated
are
more
obesogenic
than
monounsaturated
and
polyunsaturated
acids.
Overweight
obesity
inseparably
connected
with
excess
adipose
tissue
body,
characterized
by
hypertrophy
hyperplasia
fat
cells,
which
increases
risk
metabolic
syndrome.
Changes
observed
within
hypertrophic
adipocytes
result
elevated
oxidative
stress,
unfolded
protein
accumulation,
increased
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER)
stress.
One
processes
involved
preservation
cellular
homeostasis
autophagy,
defined
intracellular
lysosome-dependent
degradation
system
that
serves
to
recycle
available
macromolecules
eliminate
damaged
organelles.
In
activation
autophagy
process
appears
be
regulated
different
types
This
review
describes
role
summarizes
current
understanding
effects
unsaturated
modulation
adipocytes.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
13(6), P. 2101 - 2101
Published: June 19, 2021
The
prevalence
of
being
overweight
and
obese
has
been
expanded
dramatically
in
recent
years
worldwide.
Obesity
usually
occurs
when
the
energetic
introit
overtakes
energy
expenditure
from
metabolic
physical
activity,
leading
to
fat
accumulation
mainly
visceral
depots.
Excessive
represents
a
risk
factor
for
many
chronic
diseases,
including
cancer.
Adiposity,
low-grade
inflammation,
hyperinsulinemia
are
essential
factors
obesity
that
also
play
crucial
role
tumor
onset.
In
years,
several
strategies
have
pointed
toward
boundary
accumulation,
thus
limiting
burden
cancer
attributable
obesity.
While
remodeling
via
adipocytes
browning
seems
tempting
prospect,
lifestyle
interventions
still
represent
main
pathway
prevent
enhance
efficacy
treatments.
Specifically,
Mediterranean
Diet
stands
out
as
one
best
dietary
approaches
curtail
adiposity
and,
therefore,
risk.
this
Review,
close
relationship
between
investigated,
highlighting
biological
mechanisms
at
basis
link.
Finally,
remodel
fat,
interventions,
taken
into
consideration
major
perspective
limit
excess
body
weight
International Journal of Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
17(12), P. 3173 - 3187
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
Pharmacological
stimulation
of
adipose
tissue
remodeling
and
thermogenesis
to
increase
energy
expenditure
is
expected
be
a
viable
therapeutic
strategy
for
obesity.Berberine
has
been
reported
have
pharmacological
activity
in
anti-obesity,
while
the
mechanism
remains
unclear.Here,
we
observed
that
berberine
significantly
reduced
body
weight
insulin
resistance
high-fat
diet
mice
by
promoting
distribution
brown
thermogenesis.We
further
demonstrated
activated
metabolic
sensing
pathway
AMPK/SIRT1
axis
level
PPARγ
deacetylation,
which
leads
increasing
expression
thermogenic
protein
UCP-1.These
findings
suggest
enhances
can
act
as
selective
activator
promote
thermogenesis.This
study
proposes
new
regulation
offers
great
prospect
obesity
treatment
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Sept. 12, 2022
Abstract
Exercise
modulates
both
brown
adipose
tissue
(BAT)
metabolism
and
white
(WAT)
browning
in
murine
models.
Whether
this
is
true
humans,
however,
has
remained
unknown.
An
unblinded
randomized
controlled
trial
(ClinicalTrials.gov
ID:
NCT02365129)
was
therefore
conducted
to
study
the
effects
of
a
24-week
supervised
exercise
intervention,
combining
endurance
resistance
training,
on
BAT
volume
activity
(primary
outcome).
The
carried
out
Sport
Health
University
Research
Institute
Virgen
de
las
Nieves
Hospital
Granada
(Spain).
One
hundred
forty-five
young
sedentary
adults
were
assigned
either
(i)
control
group
(no
exercise,
n
=
54),
(ii)
moderate
intensity
(MOD-EX,
48),
or
(iii)
vigorous
(VIG-EX
43)
by
unrestricted
randomization.
No
relevant
adverse
events
recorded.
97
participants
(34
men,
63
women)
included
final
analysis
(Control;
35,
MOD-EX;
31,
VIG-EX;
31).
We
observed
no
changes
(Δ
Control:
−22.2
±
52.6
ml;
Δ
MOD-EX:
−15.5
62.1
ml,
VIG-EX:
−6.8
66.4
P
0.771)
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose
uptake
(SUVpeak
−2.6
3.1
−1.2
4.8,
−2.2
5.1;
p
0.476)
groups.
Thus,
we
did
not
find
any
evidence
an
exercise-induced
change
adults.
Genes & Diseases,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(3), P. 101026 - 101026
Published: July 22, 2023
The
evolutionarily
conserved
Wnt
signaling
pathway
plays
a
central
role
in
development
and
adult
tissue
homeostasis
across
species.
proteins
are
secreted,
lipid-modified
molecules
that
activate
the
canonical
(β-catenin
dependent)
non-canonical
independent)
pathways.
Cellular
behaviors
such
as
proliferation,
differentiation,
maturation,
proper
body-axis
specification
carried
out
by
pathway,
which
is
best
characterized
of
known
paths.
has
emerged
an
important
factor
stem
cell
biology
to
affect
self-renewal
cells
various
tissues.
This
includes
but
not
limited
embryonic,
hematopoietic,
mesenchymal,
gut,
neural,
epidermal
cells.
also
been
implicated
tumor
exhibit
cell-like
properties.
crucial
for
bone
formation
presents
potential
target
therapeutics
disorders.
Not
surprisingly,
aberrant
associated
with
wide
variety
diseases,
including
cancer.
Mutations
members
cancer
can
lead
unchecked
epithelial-mesenchymal
transition,
metastasis.
Altogether,
advances
understanding
dysregulated
disease
have
paved
way
novel
components
pathway.
Beginning
brief
overview
mechanisms
Wnt,
this
review
aims
summarize
current
knowledge
cells,
aberrations
targeting
preclinical
clinical
studies.
MedComm,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
3(3)
Published: Sept. 1, 2022
Abstract
Obesity
is
often
associated
with
the
risk
of
chronic
inflammation
and
other
metabolic
diseases,
such
as
diabetes,
cardiovascular
disease,
cancer.
The
composition
activity
gut
microbiota
play
an
important
role
in
this
process,
affecting
a
range
physiological
processes,
nutrient
absorption
energy
metabolism.
active
can
produce
large
number
physiologically
substances
during
process
intestinal
metabolism
reproduction,
including
short‐chain/long‐chain
fatty
acids,
secondary
bile
tryptophan
metabolites
beneficial
effects
on
metabolism,
well
negative
metabolites,
trimethylamine
N‐oxide,
delta‐valerobetaine,
imidazole
propionate.
How
specifically
affect
participate
immune
activities,
especially
directly
produced
by
microbiota,
has
attracted
extensive
attention.
So
far,
some
animal
human
studies
have
shown
that
are
correlated
host
obesity,
inflammation.
Some
pathways
mechanisms
slowly
being
discovered.
Here,
we
will
focus
(beneficial
negative),
review
their
roles
obesity
related
hoping
to
provide
new
perspective
for
treatment
remission
diseases
from
metabolites.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(7), P. 6414 - 6414
Published: March 29, 2023
Overweight
and
obesity
are
significant
global
public
health
concerns
that
increasing
in
prevalence
at
an
alarming
rate.
Numerous
studies
have
demonstrated
the
benefits
of
probiotics
against
obesity.
Postbiotics
next
generation
include
bacteria-free
extracts
nonviable
microorganisms
may
be
advantageous
to
host
being
increasingly
preferred
over
regular
probiotics.
However,
impact
postbiotics
on
has
not
been
thoroughly
investigated.
Therefore,
goal
this
review
is
gather
in-depth
data
ability
combat
reported
potential
alleviating
This
comprehensively
discusses
anti-obesity
effects
cellular,
animal,
clinical
studies.
exert
via
multiple
mechanisms,
with
major
mechanisms
including
increased
energy
expenditure,
reduced
adipogenesis
adipocyte
differentiation,
suppression
food
intake,
inhibition
lipid
absorption,
regulation
metabolism,
gut
dysbiosis.
Future
research
should
further
strain
identification,
scale-up
postbiotics,
identification
underlying
well-defined
could
a
promising
dietary
intervention
for
prevention
management
MedComm,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
6(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Abstract
Sarcopenia
is
defined
as
a
muscle‐wasting
syndrome
that
occurs
with
accelerated
aging,
while
cachexia
severe
wasting
associated
conditions
such
cancer
and
immunodeficiency
disorders,
which
cannot
be
fully
addressed
through
conventional
nutritional
supplementation.
can
considered
component
of
cachexia,
the
bidirectional
interplay
between
adipose
tissue
skeletal
muscle
potentially
serving
molecular
mechanism
for
both
conditions.
However,
underlying
mechanisms
differ.
Recognizing
distinctions
these
disorders
essential
advancing
basic
translational
research
in
this
area,
enhancing
diagnostic
accuracy
ultimately
achieving
effective
therapeutic
solutions
affected
patients.
This
review
discusses
microenvironment's
changes
contributing
to
conditions,
recent
approaches
like
lifestyle
modifications,
small
molecules,
interventions,
emerging
strategies
gene
editing,
stem
cell
therapy,
gut
microbiome
modulation.
We
also
address
challenges
opportunities
multimodal
aiming
provide
insights
into
pathogenesis
sarcopenia
aiding
innovative
strategy
development
improved
treatments.
Obesity Reviews,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
18(11), P. 1227 - 1242
Published: July 14, 2017
Summary
Elevating
energy
expenditure
via
adaptive
thermogenesis
in
brown
adipose
tissue
(BAT)
is
a
potential
strategy
to
reverse
obesity.
Much
early
enthusiasm
for
this
approach,
based
on
rodent
studies,
was
tempered
by
the
belief
that
BAT
relatively
inconsequential
healthy
adult
humans.
Interest
reinvigorated
decade
ago
when
series
of
studies
re‐identified
BAT,
primarily
upper
thoracic
regions,
adults.
Despite
ensuing
explosion
pre‐clinical
investigations
and
identification
an
extensive
list
target
molecules
recruitment,
our
understanding
human
physiology
remains
limited,
particularly
regarding
interventions
which
might
hold
therapeutic
promise.
Cold‐induced
(CIT)
has
been
well
studied,
although
not
readily
translatable
as
anti‐obesity
whereas
little
known
role
diet‐induced
(DIT).
Furthermore,
dedicated
translating
pharmacological
mechanisms
browning
from
animal
models
are
sparse.
Several
lines
recent
evidence
suggest
molecular
regulation
differ
laboratory
rodents,
form
majority
knowledge
base.
This
review
will
summarize
CIT
expand
upon
current
gaps
related
other
than
cold.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: Oct. 4, 2018
Mitochondria
are
critical
in
heat
generation
brown
and
beige
adipocytes.
Mitochondrial
number
function
regulated
response
to
external
stimuli,
such
as
cold
exposure
β3
adrenergic
receptor
agonist.
However,
the
molecular
mechanisms
regulating
mitochondrial
biogenesis
during
browning,
especially
by
microRNAs,
remain
unknown.
We
investigated
role
of
miR-494-3p
adipogenesis
browning.
Intermittent
mild
mice
induced
PPARγ
coactivator1-α
(PGC1-α)
TFAM,
PDH,
ANT1/2
expression
along
with
uncoupling
protein-1
(Ucp1)
inguinal
white
adipose
tissue
(iWAT).
levels
were
significantly
downregulated
iWAT
upon
(p
<
0.05).
overexpression
substantially
reduced
PGC1-α
its
downstream
targets
PDH
MTCO1
3T3-L1
adipocytes
inhibition
resulted
increased
PGC1-α,
TFAM
Ucp1
mRNA
robustly
adipocytes,
strongly
decreased
oxygen
consumption
rate.
proteins
primary
cells
Luciferase
assays
confirmed
a
direct
gene
target
miR-494-3p.
Our
findings
demonstrate
that
browning
regulates
thermogenesis
through
PGC1-α.