COVID-19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: a clinical review

Jornal de Pediatria, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 96(5), P. 546 - 558

Published: Aug. 4, 2020

To identify factors that contribute to the increased susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 in obese children adolescents, its health consequences. Studies published between 2000 2020 PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, Cochrane databases. Obesity is a highly prevalent comorbidity severe cases adolescents; social isolation may lead increase fat accumulation. Excessive adipose tissue, deficit lean mass, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, high levels proinflammatory cytokines, low intake essential nutrients are compromise functioning organs systems individuals. These associated with damage immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary systems, along modification intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis). In acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, these organic changes from obesity need for ventilatory assistance, risk thromboembolism, reduced glomerular filtration rate, innate adaptive immune response, perpetuation chronic inflammatory response. The can have effect causing or worsening comorbidities, pediatricians be aware this issue. Facing suspected confirmed COVID-19, professionals should 1) diagnose excess weight; 2) advise on care times isolation; 3) screen ensuring treatment not interrupted; 4) measure immunonutrients; 5) guide family understanding specifics situation; 6) refer units qualified adolescents when necessary. Identificar fatores que contribuem para o aumento da suscetibilidade e gravidade em crianças adolescentes obesos suas consequências saúde. Estudos publicados entre nas bases de dados Medline, SciELO Cochrane. A obesidade é uma comorbidade altamente prevalente casos graves isolamento pode levar ao do acúmulo gordura. Tecido adiposo excessivo, déficit massa magra, resistência à insulina, dislipidemia, hipertensão, altos níveis citocinas pró-inflamatórias baixa ingestão nutrientes essenciais são comprometem funcionamento dos órgãos sistemas no indivíduo obeso. Esses estão associados danos nos imunológico, respiratório urinário, juntamente com modificação (disbiose). Na infecção por SARS-CoV-2, essas alterações orgânicas causadas pela podem aumentar necessidade assistência ventilatória, risco tromboembolismo, taxa filtração reduzida, na resposta imune inata adaptativa perpetuação inflamatória crônica. ter efeito causar ou agravar comorbidades pediatras precisam estar cientes desse problema. Diante suspeita confirmação os profissionais saúde devem diagnosticar excesso peso; aconselhar sobre cuidados tempos isolamento; fazer triagem comorbidades, garantindo tratamento não seja interrompido; medir imunonutrientes; orientar família respeitando as especificidades situação; encaminhamento unidades qualificadas cuidar obesos, quando necessário.

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Role of Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review

Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 355 - 355

Published: Feb. 23, 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is defined as a fat depot localized between myocardial surface and visceral layer pericardium type fat. EAT one most important risk factors for atherosclerosis cardiovascular events promising new therapeutic target in CVDs. In health conditions, has protective function, including protection against hypothermia or mechanical stress, providing energy supply from free fatty acid release adiponectin. patients with obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, becomes deleterious promoting development Previously, we showed an adverse modulation gene expression pericoronary coronary artery disease (CAD). Here, summarize currently available evidence regarding role CVDs, CAD, heart failure, atrial fibrillation. Due to rapid COVID-19 pandemic, also discuss data association course COVID-19. Finally, present potential possibilities aiming at modifying EAT's function. The novel therapies specifically targeting could revolutionize prognosis

Language: Английский

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The Long History of Vitamin C: From Prevention of the Common Cold to Potential Aid in the Treatment of COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 28, 2020

From Pauling's theories to the present, considerable understanding has been acquired of both physiological role vitamin C and impact supplementation on health. Although it is well known that a balanced diet which satisfies daily intake positively affects immune system reduces susceptibility infections, available data do not support theory oral supplements boost immunity. No current clinical recommendations possibility significantly decreasing risk respiratory infections by using high-dose in well-nourished general population. Only restricted subgroups (e.g. athletes or military) subjects with low plasma concentration may be justified. Furthermore, categories at high infection (i.e. obese, diabetics, elderly, etc.) can modulate inflammation, potential positive effects response infections. The an extra duration cold prevention treatment pneumonia still questioned, whilst, based critical illness studies, infusion recently hypothesized as for COVID-19 hospitalized patients. In this review we focused function, summarizing most relevant studies from common diseases use conditions, aim clarifying its application during acute SARS-CoV2 infection.

Language: Английский

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The impact of COVID‐19 confinement on the eating habits and lifestyle changes: A cross sectional study

Food Science & Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 2105 - 2113

Published: Feb. 16, 2021

Abstract Novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) emerged in December 2019 the city of Wuhan, China causing severe respiratory infections and resulting millions admissions to hospital over a million deaths worldwide. Authorities imposed protective measures including confinement flatten curves casualties resulted sudden lifestyle eating habit changes. The objectives this study were observe impact COVID‐19 lockdown on behavior Kurdish population Iraqi Kurdistan. A structured cross‐sectional was conducted from 1st 14th June when finished with three different sections. Section one (6 questions) included socio‐demographic information section two (11 composed dietary a) Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence using 14‐scaled items MD screener tool ranging 0 14 b) sections (12 changes such as physical activity, sleeping behavior, smoking habit. total number respondents 2,137. results showed that 12.0% (256) participants stated their improved, whereas 50.9% (1,087) declared deteriorated. In particular, frequency activity decreased (McNemar value = 60.53, p <.001) hours significantly increased during 447.93, <.001). Regarding habits, it noticed 29.3% 14.3% felt appetite decreased, respectively. change associated age ( =.0001), gender =.001), =.007), BMI =.001). Similarly, 32.4% reported weight gain. conclusion, is among earliest studies showing effect had significant particularly reducing changing habits.

Language: Английский

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Should patients with obesity be more afraid of COVID‐19?

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(9)

Published: June 24, 2020

COVID-19 crisis has lasted since the late 2019 to present day. The severity of disease is positively correlated with several factors, such as age and coexisting diseases. Furthermore, obesity increasingly considered a yet another risk factor, particularly, because it been observed that people suffering from excessive body weight may experience more severe course infection. On basis current research, in our nonsystematic review, we have investigated extent which can affect SARS-CoV-2 identify potential mechanisms disease. We also described role proper nutrition, physical activity other aspects relevant management obesity.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms contributing to adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in obesity

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 477(4), P. 1155 - 1193

Published: Jan. 27, 2022

Language: Английский

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Impact of Obesity on Vaccination to SARS-CoV-2

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: June 20, 2022

To combat the immense toll on global public health induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), new vaccines were developed. While these have protected populations who received them from SARS-CoV-2 infection, effectiveness and durability of in individuals with obesity are not fully understood. Our uncertainty ability novel to induce protective immunity humans stems historical data that revealed obesity-associated immune defects influenza vaccines. This review analyzes efficacy obesity. According vaccine safety information for Pfizer, Moderna, Johnson &amp; formulations, showed a similar both without However, clinical trials assess BMI central antibody titers lower when compared healthy weight subjects, highlighting potential early waning vaccine-induced antibodies linked rates. Thus, desired effects vaccination potentially diminished population, but further studies outlining functional implications link between need be conducted understand full impact this phenomenon. Further, additional research must completed truly responses mounted against patients obesity, whether differ those elicited previously studied viruses.

Language: Английский

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COVID‐19 and obesity in childhood and adolescence: a clinical review

Jornal de Pediatria (Versão em Português), Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 96(5), P. 546 - 558

Published: Aug. 7, 2020

To identify factors that contribute to the increased susceptibility and severity of COVID‐19 in obese children adolescents, its health consequences. Studies published between 2000 2020 PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, SciELO, Cochrane databases. Obesity is a highly prevalent comorbidity severe cases adolescents; social isolation may lead increase fat accumulation. Excessive adipose tissue, deficit lean mass, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, high levels proinflammatory cytokines, low intake essential nutrients are compromise functioning organs systems individuals. These associated with damage immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary systems, along modification intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis). In acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, these organic changes from obesity need for ventilatory assistance, risk thromboembolism, reduced glomerular filtration rate, innate adaptive immune response, perpetuation chronic inflammatory response. The can have effect causing or worsening comorbidities, pediatricians be aware this issue. Facing suspected confirmed COVID‐19, professionals should 1) diagnose excess weight; 2) advise on care times isolation; 3) screen ensuring treatment not interrupted; 4) measure immunonutrients; 5) guide family understanding specifics situation; 6) refer units qualified adolescents when necessary. Identificar fatores que contribuem para o aumento da suscetibilidade e gravidade em crianças adolescentes obesos suas consequências saúde. Estudos publicados entre nas bases de dados Medline, SciELO Cochrane. A obesidade é uma comorbidade altamente prevalente casos graves isolamento pode levar ao do acúmulo gordura. Tecido adiposo excessivo, déficit massa magra, resistência à insulina, dislipidemia, hipertensão, altos níveis citocinas pró‐inflamatórias baixa ingestão nutrientes essenciais são comprometem funcionamento dos órgãos sistemas no indivíduo obeso. Esses estão associados danos nos imunológico, respiratório urinário, juntamente com modificação (disbiose). Na infecção por SARS‐CoV‐2, essas alterações orgânicas causadas pela podem aumentar necessidade assistência ventilatória, risco tromboembolismo, taxa filtração reduzida, na resposta imune inata adaptativa perpetuação inflamatória crônica. ter efeito causar ou agravar comorbidades pediatras precisam estar cientes desse problema. Diante suspeita confirmação os profissionais saúde devem diagnosticar excesso peso; aconselhar sobre cuidados tempos isolamento; fazer triagem comorbidades, garantindo tratamento não seja interrompido; medir imunonutrientes; orientar família respeitando as especificidades situação; encaminhamento unidades qualificadas cuidar obesos, quando necessário.

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Energy expenditure and feeding practices and tolerance during the acute and late phase of critically ill COVID-19 patients

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 383 - 389

Published: April 2, 2021

Background & aimsDifferent metabolic phases can be distinguished in critical illness, which influences nutritional treatment. Achieving optimal treatment during these critically ill patients is challenging. COVID-19 seem particularly difficult to feed due gastrointestinal problems. Our aim was describe measured resting energy expenditure (mREE) and feeding practices tolerance the acute late of illness patients.MethodsObservational study including mechanically ventilated adult patients. Indirect calorimetry (Q-NRG+, Cosmed) used determine mREE (day 0–7) phase (>day 7) illness. Data on intake, urinary nitrogen loss were collected simultaneously. A paired sample t-test performed for both phases.ResultsWe enrolled 21 with a median age 59 years [44–66], 67% male BMI 31.5 kg/m2 [25.7–37.8]. Patients predominantly fed EN phases. No significant difference observed between (p = 0.529). Sixty-five percent hypermetabolic Median delivery as percentage higher (94%) compared (70%) 0.001). Urinary losses 0.003).ConclusionIn phase, majority enterally. In hypocaloric whereas this almost normocaloric, conform ESPEN guidelines. Hypermetabolism conjunction an increasing may indicate that remain prolonged acute, catabolic phase.

Language: Английский

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What Role Does the Endocannabinoid System Play in the Pathogenesis of Obesity?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 373 - 373

Published: Jan. 26, 2021

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an endogenous signaling formed by specific receptors (cannabinoid type 1 and 2 (CB1 CB2)), their ligands (endocannabinoids), enzymes involved in synthesis degradation. ECS, centrally peripherally, various physiological processes, including regulation of energy balance, promotion metabolic process, food intake, weight gain, fat accumulation adipocytes, body homeostasis; thus, its overactivity may be related to obesity. In this review, we try explain the role ECS impact genetic factors on modulation pathogenesis obesity, which a global civilizational problem affecting entire world population regardless age. We also emphasize that search for potential new targets health assessment, treatment, development possible therapies obesity great importance.

Language: Английский

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