Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 403(10431), P. 1027 - 1050

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Summary

Background

Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated individual combined prevalence of underweight or thinness obesity, their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults school-aged children adolescents in 200 countries territories.

Methods

used data 3663 population-based studies 222 million participants that measured height weight representative samples general population. a Bayesian hierarchical model estimate trends different BMI categories, separately (age ≥20 years) 5–19 years), For adults, we report (BMI <18·5 kg/m²) ≥30 kg/m²). adolescents, <2 SD below median WHO growth reference) >2 above median).

Findings

From 2022, decreased 11 (6%) women 17 (9%) men posterior probability at least 0·80 observed changes were true decreases. The increased 162 (81%) 140 (70%) 0·80. In was highest island nations Caribbean Polynesia Micronesia, Middle East north Africa. Obesity higher than 177 (89%) 145 (73%) whereas converse 16 (8%) women, 39 (20%) men. among girls five (3%) boys 15 0·80, 137 (69%) Micronesia both sexes, Chile Qatar boys. Combined also high some south Asia, such as India Pakistan, where remained prevalent despite having declined. more 133 (67%) 125 (63%), 35 (18%) 42 (21%), respectively. almost all increases double burden driven by decreases declining thinness.

Interpretation

has most countries, an increase while remain Asia parts A healthy nutrition transition enhances access nutritious foods is needed address remaining curbing reversing obesity.

Funding

UK Medical Research Council, Innovation (Research England), (Innovate UK), European Union.

Language: Английский

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Self‐Assembled Oligopeptoplex‐Loaded Dissolving Microneedles for Adipocyte‐Targeted Anti‐Obesity Gene Therapy

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(16)

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Abstract Advancements in gene delivery systems are pivotal for gene‐based therapeutics oncological, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. This study delineates the design of a self‐assembled oligopeptoplex (SA‐OP) optimized shRNA to adipocytes, targeting obesity associated metabolic syndromes. Conventional face challenges, including instability due electrostatic interactions between genetic materials cationic oligopeptides. Additionally, repeated injections induce discomfort compromise patient well‐being. To circumvent these issues, dissolvable hyaluronic acid‐based, self‐locking microneedle (LMN) patch is developed, with improved micro‐dose efficiency, precise SA‐OP delivery. platform offers pain‐free administration storage stability. In vitro studies 3T3‐L1 cells demonstrated improvements preservation silencing efficacy. vivo evaluation mice model diet‐induced type 2 diabetes yielded significant adipose tissue 21.92 ± 2.51% reduction body weight minimum relapse risk at 6‐weeks post‐treatment, representing superior therapeutic efficacy truncated timeframe relative GLP‐1 analogues currently available on market. mitigated insulin resistance, inflammation, hepatic steatosis. These findings establish as robust, minimally invasive transdermal prolonged stability treating its comorbidities.

Language: Английский

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Obesity and COVID-19 mortality are correlated

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: April 11, 2023

Abstract In view of a conspicuous absence any cross-country study linking obesity and COVID-19 mortality, we conduct an empirical analysis plausible associations between mortality the proportion obese in adult population distributed across 142 countries around globe. We observe statistically significant positive association populations spanning countries. This holds belonging to different income groups is not sensitive population’s median age, elderly, and/or females. The estimated elasticity with respect populations, highest for sub-sample that belong high-income group. While limits confidence intervals point estimates these elasticities range 0.7 2.1, on average, every percentage increment contributes additional 1.5% points high A association, observed country’s population, robust subject alterations conditioning information set gender, income.

Language: Английский

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Medication-Induced Weight Change Across Common Antidepressant Treatments

Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 177(8), P. 993 - 1003

Published: July 1, 2024

Antidepressants are among the most commonly prescribed medications, but evidence on comparative weight change for specific first-line treatments is limited.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of behavioural and psychological interventions for managing obesity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis framed using minimal important difference estimates based on GRADE guidance to inform a clinical practice guideline

Pediatric Obesity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(3)

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) behavioural psychological interventions for managing paediatric obesity. Eligible studies, published between 1985 2022, included 0 to 18 year olds with outcomes reported ≥3 months post-baseline, including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), cardiometabolic anthropometric outcomes, adverse events (AEs). We pooled data using random effects model assessed certainty evidence (CoE) related minimally important difference estimates GRADE. 73 unique RCTs (n = 6305 participants, 53% female). Intervention types physical activity 1437), nutrition 447), 1336), technology-based 901) or multicomponent (≥2 intervention types, n 2184). Physical had small effect on health-related quality life (HRQoL), varying ranging from moderate very large blood pressure, lipids insulin resistance, BMIz. Nutrition lipids, resistance Psychological showed HRQoL triglycerides benefits depressive symptoms, while technology pressure Multicomponent benefit anxiety, diastolic AEs were infrequently, when reported, described as mild. improvements in PROMs, outcomes. Future should consistently measure evaluate beyond the period, study children <6 years age.

Language: Английский

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The Ongoing Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Obesity

Pediatric Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 135 - 150

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

In the developed world, pediatric obesity (PO) has been a major health concern since last century, and this condition may lead to detrimental life-long physical mental comorbidities. Currently, its prevalence increased in low- middle-income countries many high-income countries. Thus, provision of effective tailored care for children their families become vital. The social consequences COVID-19 pandemic are known everywhere, among these, it argued that had impact on PO. Overall, growth PO over decade enhanced by pandemic. During pandemic, children, adolescents young adults gained weight as population dealt with sedentary lifestyles changes food habits. review, we want highlight

Language: Английский

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Pharmacological interventions for the management of children and adolescents living with obesity—An update of a Cochrane systematic review with meta‐analyses

Pediatric Obesity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(5)

Published: March 7, 2024

Summary Importance The effectiveness of anti‐obesity medications for children and adolescents is unclear. Objective To update the evidence on benefits harms medication. Data Sources Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov WHO ICTRP (1/1/16–17/3/23). Study Selection Randomized controlled trials ≥6 months in people <19 years living with obesity. Extraction Synthesis Screening, data extraction quality assessment conducted duplicate, independently. Main Outcomes Measures Body mass index (BMI): 95th percentile BMI, adverse events life. Results Thirty‐five ( N = 4331), follow‐up: 6–24 months; age: 8.8–16.3 years; BMI: 26.2–41.7 kg/m 2 . Moderate certainty demonstrated a −1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.27 to −1.14)‐unit BMI reduction, ranging from −0.8 −5.9 units between individual drugs semaglutide producing largest reduction −5.88 CI: −6.99 −4.77, 201). Drug type explained ~44% heterogeneity. Low −11.88 percentage points −18.43 −5.30, 668). Serious study discontinuation due did not differ comparators, but medication dose adjustments were higher compared comparator (10.6% vs 1.7%; RR 3.74 [95% 1.51 9.26], I 15%), regardless approval status. There was trend towards improved Evidence gaps exist children, psychosocial outcomes, comorbidities weight loss maintenance. Conclusions Relevance Anti‐obesity addition behaviour change improve may require adjustment, 1 100 experiencing serious event.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetics of childhood obesity

Hormone Research in Paediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 24

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Background: Childhood obesity has become a global pandemic and is one of the strongest risk factors for cardiovascular disease later in life. The correlation epigenetic marks with related traits being elucidated. This review summarizes latest research its challenges study epigenetics (childhood) obesity. Summary: Epigenome-wide association studies helped to identify novel targets methylation sites that are important pathophysiology In future, such will essential developing scores (MRS) metabolic diseases. Although MRS very promising predicting individual obesity, implementation challenging not been introduced into clinical practice so far. Key Messages: Future undoubtedly discover numerous may be involved development comorbidities, especially at young age. contribute better understanding complex etiology human From perspective, overarching aim generate robust reliable accurate prediction comorbidities.

Language: Английский

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The Feasibility of an Online Lifestyle Intervention During the COVID-19 Pandemic on the BMI Z-Score of Mexican Schoolchildren: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Obesities, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(1), P. 3 - 3

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic was a risky period for childhood obesity, due to the increase in unhealthy behaviors. Online interventions could prevent this problem. aim of study evaluate feasibility and explore effect an online program on BMI z-score Mexican schoolchildren at 4 months during pandemic. A pilot randomized controlled trial conducted with 54 children. intervention included three sessions per week nutrition physical activity, as well information parents months. control group received one digital brochure. Of enrolled, 87% completed study, attended 46% classes. At end intervention, no significant difference between groups observed (−0.02, 95% CI −0.19 0.15). However, improved their quality life daily fruit consumption. This implemented feasible, exploratory analysis showed positive trends consumption but not other secondary variables schoolchildren. Additional strategies may be needed improve attendance impact age group.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health and Health Care Experience in Those With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

International Journal of Women s Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 17, P. 287 - 298

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Purpose: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine-metabolic disorder and associated with variety of health disorders. The management PCOS requires multidisciplinary care approach. COVID-19 pandemic affected access delivery care. aim this study was to assess the impact on experience those by PCOS. Patients Methods: An online survey conducted January 2021 July 2022 in Canada, open anyone who identified as having Data collected REDCap included questions demographics, symptoms, during pandemic. Results: majority (59%) respondents (n=194, mean age 34± 8 years) experienced pandemic-related employment changes self-reported high stress level (73± 21/100). Of reported body weight, 58% gained which they attributed unhealthy eating habits lack exercise pandemic, 16% lost credited increased physical activity shift towards healthier habits. ascribed COVID-related clinic cancellations, delayed appointments, long wait times for referrals lab work, facilities insufficient social support. Some voluntarily reduced services limit COVID exposure. COVID-19-related status perceived more important than their own PCOS-related symptoms. Virtual appointments via telehealth were regarded beneficial 20% users. Conclusion: Individuals an overall reduction supports. adapted use telemedicine, while others due inability manage further highlighted that often accessibility supports needed condition. Plain Language Summary: ovary syndrome affecting up 18% women can quality life across lifespan. It characterized irregular menstrual cycles, heavy bleeding, male-pattern hair growth, acne excess production male hormones. risk infertility, pregnancy complications, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, mental disorders such anxiety, depression, negative self-image. Because its complexity, approach including endocrinologists, gynecologists, dietician, specialists, psychologists/psychiatrists. In paper, we describe findings self-administered explores patients' view challenges caused disruptions many patients struggled find support needed. unprecedented system but also presented opportunities alternative models. Our highlight need incorporate viable individualized options people chronic conditions PCOS, self-management prevent deterioration well-being unforeseen crises. While restricted proposed improvements provide distinct insights are international relevance there ample evidence similar experiences regarding around world. Keywords: polycystic syndrome, COVID-19, care, telehealth, supports, women's

Language: Английский

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