Identification of an immunological signature of long COVID syndrome

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Acute COVID-19 infection causes significant alterations in the innate and adaptive immune systems. While most individuals recover naturally, some develop long COVID (LC) syndrome, marked by persistent or new symptoms weeks to months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite its prevalence, there are no clinical tests distinguish LC patients from those fully recovered. Understanding immunological basis of is essential for improving diagnostic treatment approaches. We performed deep immunophenotyping functional assays examine profiles patients, with active COVID-19, recovered healthy donors. This analysis assessed both features, identifying potential biomarkers syndrome. A Binomial Generalized Linear Model (BGLM) was used pinpoint features characterizing LC. exhibited depletion cell subsets, including plasmacytoid conventional dendritic cells, classical, non-classical, intermediate monocytes, monocyte-derived inflammatory cells. Elevated basal inflammation observed compared whose were closer donors individuals. However, displayed alterations, reduced T subsets (CD4, CD8, Tregs) switched memory B similar patients. Through BGLM, a unique signature identified, featuring CD8 gd cells low proliferative capacity diminished expression activation homing receptors. The findings highlight associated characterized dysregulation. recovery comparable Recovered individuals, deficits populations evident, differentiating full recovery. These provide insights into pathogenesis may support development tools targeted therapies.

Language: Английский

---

COVID-19 Pediatric Follow-Up: Respiratory Long COVID-Associated Comorbidities and Lung Ultrasound Alterations in a Cohort of Italian Children

Children, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 166 - 166

Published: Jan. 27, 2024

In children, the factors that influence COVID-19 disease and its medium- long-term effects are little known. Our investigation sought to evaluate presence of comorbidity associated with respiratory long COVID manifestations in children study ultrasound abnormalities following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Children, who arrived at ‘Respiratory Diseases Pediatric Interest Unit’ Department Woman, Child, General Specialized Surgery University Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, were selected during timeframe from September 2021 October 2022. The diagnosed a infection occurred least one month before visit. All patients followed follow-up protocol, developed by Italian Society Respiratory (SIMRI), which included: collection data regarding illness history known allergic diseases; physical examination; BMI assessment; baseline spirometry after bronchodilation test; six-minute walking lung (LUS). cohort 104 participants symptoms (64.7% male, average age 8.92 years), 46.1% had fever other symptoms, 1% required hospitalization. analysis showed 58.4% was overweight. LUS positive 27.0% cases. A significant association observed score (p-value < 0.05). No associations found asthma or atopy.

Language: Английский

---

Animal Models for Human-Pathogenic Coronavirus and Animal Coronavirus Research

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 100 - 100

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Coronavirus epidemics have posed a serious threat to both human and animal health. To combat emerging infectious diseases caused by coronaviruses, various infection models been developed applied in research, including non-human primate models, ferret hamster mouse others. Moreover, new approaches utilized develop that are more susceptible infection. These include using viral delivery methods induce the expression of receptors tissues employing gene-editing techniques create genetically modified mice. This has led successful establishment for multiple significantly advancing related research. In contrast, livestock pets can be infected coronaviruses provide valuable insights when used as enabling collection accurate clinical data through analysis post-infection pathological features. However, despite potential insights, there is paucity research pertaining these models. this review, we detailed overview recent progress development cause humans animals suggest ways which adapted further enhance their value

Language: Английский

---

The Impact of Obesity on the Host–Pathogen Interaction with Influenza Viruses – Novel Insights: Narrative Review

Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 17, P. 769 - 777

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract: After exposure to a viral pathogen, the host–pathogen interaction is essential determine whether or not infection will ensue, and what clinical outline of be. Recent research has shown that patient with obesity presents set particular pathophysiological changes lead higher severity infections, this particularly true for influenza viruses. Herein, we describe main metabolic, endocrine, immune dysregulations occur in presence their impact on driving intra-host diversity, leading heightened virulence influenza. We show linked modified responses both innate adaptive systems during including Due chronic inflammation signaling pathway disruptions, individuals have suboptimal response. This results longer illness duration, increased virus shedding, risk hospitalization complications, greater mortality rates. Additionally, they may blunted response vaccination likelihood genetic mutation selection. Understanding intricate interplay between pathogenesis crucial developing efficacious therapeutic approaches public health policies, light escalating worldwide incidence obesity. Keywords: influenza, obesity, severity, metabolic syndrome,

Language: Английский

---

Obesity as a Risk Factor for Complications and Mortality in Individuals with SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 543 - 543

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

This systematic review aimed to analyze the available studies that identified overweight and/or obesity as a risk factor for mortality, use of respiratory support, and changes in biochemical markers adults hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2. The PubMed, Web Science, Scopus databases were searched using PRISMA guidelines until January 2024. protocol was registered PROSPERO (code: CRD42024501551). Of 473 articles, only 8 met inclusion criteria (e.g., adult individuals aged 18 or over diagnosed COVID-19 obesity). In addition, Downs Black tool used assess quality studies. analyzed totaled 9782 COVID-19, indicating are present more than half adults. Diseases such diabetes mellitus hypertension prevalent obesity. also highlighted higher incidence support is related hospitalization intensive care units have mortality from COVID-19. Biochemical procalcitinin, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 associated severity infection. exposed worse disease, well need care, essential blood markers.

Language: Английский

---

Incidence and Risk Factors of New-onset Hypertension Up To 3 years Post SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

COVID-19 can trigger new cardiovascular events, including hypertension, in the acute setting. However, few studies have reported sustained new-onset hypertension post-infection. Moreover, these a small sample size, inadequate controls, and short (< 1 year) follow-up time. This retrospective cohort study of 64,000 patients from Stony Brook Health System assessed incidence risk factors for after COVID-19. Contemporary COVID-negative controls were obtained propensity matched age, race, sex, ethnicity, major comorbidities before analyzing outcomes. The primary outcome was up to 3 years post index date. About 9.93% hospitalized 4.66% non-hospitalized developed Hospitalized COVID-positive more likely develop compared (HR = 1.57, 95%CI [1.35–1.81]) (HR: 1.42, [1.24–1.63]). Non-hospitalized not 1.05 [0.98–1.13]). one five greatest developing hypertension. These findings underscore are at increased well beyond phase disease. Close long-term follow-up, holistic workups, vigilant blood pressure screening and/or monitoring is needed.

Language: Английский

---

Modelling of obesity impact on COVID-19: Improved SEIR model

Mathematical Foundations of Computing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 0(0), P. 0 - 0

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

---

ABO blood group and COVID-19 severity: Associations with endothelial and adipocyte activation in critically ill patients

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. e0320251 - e0320251

Published: April 2, 2025

Background ABO blood group has been implicated both in susceptibility to, and severity of, SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to explore a potential association between COVID-19 infection critically ill patients the following biological mechanisms: inflammatory cytokines, endothelial injury, adipokines. Methods We conducted retrospective 128 admitted Vancouver General Hospital from March 2020-March 2021. Outcomes including 28-day mortality, need for mechanical ventilation length intensive care unit (ICU) stay were compared with A & AB type vs. B O type. Likewise, serum markers, markers activation, adipokines compared. Results disease confirmed. Patients A&AB had more frequent requirements B&O (N(%): 35 (71%) vs 41 (52%), p = 0.041), higher total ICU mortality (14 (29%) 9 (11%), 0.018), longer median (days, [interquartile range]: 10 [6-19], 7 [3-14], 0.016) hospital (26 [14-36] 17 [10-30] 0.034). No found cytokines or their receptors [IL-6, IL-1b, IL-10, TNF, sIL-6R, sgp130] measured within first days stay. plasma injury [Thrombomodulin, ADAMTS13, sP-Selectin, Factor IX, Protein C, S, vWF]. Among adipokines, there no differences lipocalin-2, PAI-1 resistin. Notably, however, adipsin O&B (16.3 [4.2-38.5] x10 6 pg/mL 9.61 [3.0-20.8] x pg/mL, 0.048). Conclusions This single-center confirms an severe COVID-19. While underlying mechanism not identified, finding levels A/AB warrants further investigation larger prospective studies.

Language: Английский

---

Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of dietary modulation of probiotics on nutritional status and antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesian adolescents: gut-lung axis (DIVINE)

BMJ Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. e087934 - e087934

Published: April 1, 2025

Introduction During the pandemic, overweight and obese adolescents were at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection. Indonesia’s government has implemented prevention programmes immunisation; however, rise in SARS-CoV-2 infections among is exacerbated by low-quality diet lifestyle habits. Also, vaccine programme not prioritised this population. To address this, solution involves providing probiotics counselling on healthy habits to improve immunity. Therefore, we designed protocol for randomised controlled trial with 20-week intervention investigate effect supplementation habits, including eating physical activity, psychosocial stimulation, nutritional status antibody response against group. Methods analysis This clinical aims effects probiotic adolescents. The study will involve 440 aged 12–17 living Jakarta, Surabaya or Yogyakarta least 6 months have completed two doses vaccine. group receive daily three strains, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis (BB-12), Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-5) rhamnosus (LGG), level 10 9 –10 colony-forming units 20 weeks, while control placebo. Both groups weekly activity stimulation. primary outcomes be changes body mass index age z-score IgG specific titre concentrations between groups. secondary include secretory IgA concentrations, monoclonal antibodies spike protein, gut microbiota diversity score Healthy Eating Index 2015. Ethics dissemination was approved Committee Faculty Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (KET 763/UN2.F1/ETIK/PPM.00.02/2022: 1 August 2022). results disseminated open-access international journals, scientific meetings conferences stakeholders. Trial registration number been registered https://clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT05623007 .

Language: Английский

---

Metformin as a therapeutic agent for obesity-associated immune dysfunction

Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 154(8), P. 2534 - 2542

Published: July 6, 2024

Language: Английский

---