Leptin in humans: Evidence from clinical studies and current and future clinical applications

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 161, P. 156053 - 156053

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

Leptin has been established as the prototype adipose tissue secreted hormone and a major regulator of several human physiology functions. Here, we are primarily reviewing findings from studies in humans involving leptin administration. We describing metabolic, endocrine immunologic effects replacement conditions deficiency, such short-term fasting healthy individuals, relative energy deficiency sports (REDS), congenital (CLD), generalized (GL) partial lipodystrophy (PL), HIV-associated (HIV-L) treatment excess (common obesity, type 2 diabetes, steatotic liver disease). comparing results with preclinical models present main conclusions regarding role physiology, pathophysiology therapeutics. conclude that, substitution effectively reduces body weight fat mass through reduction appetite, it improves hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance hepatic steatosis (especially GL PL), restores neuroendocrine function gonadotropic axis), regulates adaptive immune system cell populations bone health. On contrary, excess, common obesity does not improve any metabolic abnormalities. Strategies to overcome tolerance/resistance diabetes have provided promising animal studies, which should though be tested randomized clinical trials.

Language: Английский

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Nonpharmacological Childhood Obesity Management in Denmark Reduces Steatotic Liver Disease and Obesity

Childhood Obesity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Background: Steatotic liver disease (SLD) represents a multisystem and is common complication of childhood obesity. We studied fat content at the abdominal level (liver, subcutaneous, visceral) response to obesity management. Methods: In this retrospective longitudinal study, 8-18-year-olds with body mass index (BMI) z-score above 1.28 (corresponding BMI 90th percentile), as proxy for obesity, were offered person-centered, family-oriented management in hospital setting magnetic resonance (MR) scan. Liver (LFC) was assessed by MR spectroscopy, whereas subcutaneous adipose tissue visceral (VAT) imaging. conducted nonparametric tests evaluate baseline-to-follow-up changes comparisons between participants without an assessment. Additionally, logistic regression model examined association LFC z-score. Results: The study group comprised 1002 children adolescents (52% females) assessment baseline. median age 13.0 years, 28.4, 2.90. At baseline, 378 (38%) exhibited SLD defined 1.5%. Among 322 follow-up scan, 76% patients reduced their LFC. VAT (both p < 0.001) during intervention. Conclusions: highly prevalent A chronic care liver, fat, degree

Language: Английский

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The association of chronic pain, painkiller use, and potential mediators with liver fat content

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Excessive accumulation of liver fat content (LFC) is a pathological manifestation steatotic diseases. This study aims to investigate the relationship between chronic pain and LFC development. In UK Biobank, sites were collected via questionnaire, while was measured by magnetic resonance imaging quantified Proton Density Fat Fraction (PDFF). During median follow-up 10.5 (4.0-17.8) years, in 39,437 individuals, neck/shoulder, back, stomach/abdominal, knee, general achieved significant arithmetic means difference 0.02, 0.04, 0.15 PDFF (P < 0.05) using multivariable linear regression models. There dose-effect for number 0.001). Additionally, link much stronger aspirin users than non-users, steroids had reverse effect interaction 0.05). C-reactive protein, sleep, diet, depression proved mediated 8.41%, 13.3%, 6.6%, 23.0% relationship, respectively. conclusion, there differences LFC. For patients with potential health issues, may be prioritized as an analgesic option due its protective benefits, whereas steroid medications should avoided.

Language: Английский

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Multiomics Analyses of Citrus aurantium L. Var. Amara and Ginger Reveals Lipid Metabolism, Bile Acid Biosynthesis, and Gut Microbiome Rebalance Supporting Their Anti‐Obesity Effects

Biomedical Chromatography, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 39(5)

Published: March 27, 2025

ABSTRACT Both the flower of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara (CAVA) and rhizome Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) are food medicinal homologous plants that have been used in China for aiding gastric digestion preventing obesity. However, combinatorial use two on obesity remains elusive. Our endeavor aimed to identify optimal synergistic ratio between CAVA ginger explore underlying mechanism their anti‐obesity effects. Aqueous extracts were prepared separately then combined into nine different ratios. The constituents unambiguously characterized by employing LC–MS. High‐fat diet (HFD)–induced obese C57BL/6J mice established administered with combinations CAVA‐G 6 weeks. trajectory mice's body weights was analyzed. Besides, hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining liver oil red O adipose tissue performed. ELISA assay employed measure serum levels total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL‐C), high‐density (HDL‐C). Moreover, metabolic profiling conducted through UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS analysis. Gut microbiota analysis performed via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Pattern recognition Pearson correlation pinpoint key endogenous metabolites microbiota. Two groups combination treatment (C3 A1) significantly prevented increase weight mice. According our analysis, best effect achieved when 37:63. TC LDL‐C dramatically decreased C3 group, whereas level TG reduced A1 group. Interestingly, HDL‐C increased Compared model a 16 25 biomarkers identified A1, respectively. These mainly implicated lipid metabolism primary bile acid biosynthesis. abnormal diversity gut induced HFD feeding. Treatment or relative abundance Akkermansia Novosphingobium , while reducing Dorea Bacteroides Roseburia . Of note, this is first report involved findings will layer foundation usage

Language: Английский

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4-tert-Butylphenol impairs the liver by inducing excess liver lipid accumulation via disrupting the lipid metabolism pathway in zebrafish

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 356, P. 124385 - 124385

Published: June 17, 2024

Language: Английский

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What exactly happens to rats that drink different types of sweetness water over a long time:A comparison with sucrose, artificial sweeteners and natural sweeteners

Journal of Functional Foods, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 127, P. 106715 - 106715

Published: March 16, 2025

Language: Английский

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Regional gray matter changes in steatotic liver disease provide a neurobiological link to depression: A cross-sectional UK biobank cohort study

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 155983 - 155983

Published: July 30, 2024

Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is characterized by excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver. It associated with elevated risk hepatic and cardiometabolic diseases, as well mental disorders such depression. Previous studies revealed global gray matter reduction SLD. To investigate a possible shared neurobiology depression, we examined fat-related regional alterations SLD its most significant clinical subgroup metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic (MASLD).

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Role of Polyphenol Extract from Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 288 - 288

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Prunus cerasifera Ehrhart (P. cerasifera) flourishes uniquely in the arid landscapes of Xinjiang, China. Preliminary studies have revealed therapeutic potential its polyphenol extract (PPE) mitigating liver lipid accumulation mice fed a high-fat diet. We established mouse model that was subjected to continuous diet for 24 weeks and administered PPE investigate effects on cholesterol BA metabolism NAFLD mice. The results showed administration (200 400 mg/kg/day, BW) led reduction TC, an increase T-BAs, normalization disrupted fecal profile. Concurrently, it decreased levels lipotoxic BAs inhibited hepatic synthesis (evidenced by reduced HMGCR activity) intestinal absorption (indicated lower ACAT2 levels) while enhancing efflux (via LXRα, ABCA1, ABCG5, ABCG8) stimulating (CYP7A1, CYP27A1) secretion (BSEP). thus significant metabolized gut microbiota downregulation pathway under influence. Our findings reveal effect via regulating metabolism, providing theoretical basis exploring functions P. cerasifera.

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of finerenone in patients with type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease and altered markers of liver steatosis and fibrosis: A FIDELITY subgroup analysis

Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 191 - 200

Published: Oct. 10, 2023

Investigating the effect of finerenone on liver function, cardiovascular and kidney composite outcomes in patients with chronic disease type 2 diabetes, stratified by their risk steatosis, inflammation fibrosis.Post hoc analysis (N = 13 026) fibrosis enzymes: high steatosis (hepatic index >36); elevated transaminases [alanine transaminase (ALT) >33 (males) >25 IU/L (females)]; fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) scores >3.25, >2.67 >1.30. Liver enzymes were assessed changes ALT, aspartate aminotransferase gamma-glutamyl transferase. Composite outcome was defined as onset failure, sustained estimated glomerular filtration rate decline ≥57% from baseline over ≥4 weeks or death. death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke hospitalization for heart failure.ALT, transferase levels consistent between treatment groups remained stable throughout. Finerenone consistently reduced outcome, irrespective altered tests. Higher FIB-4 score associated higher incidence rates outcome. versus placebo subgroups 52% (>3.25), 39% (>2.67) 24% (>1.30) (p values interaction .01, .13 .03, respectively).Finerenone has neutral effects parameters diabetes. showed robust benefits tests, profound even who at developing complications.

Language: Английский

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Ethnic differences in postprandial fatty acid trafficking and utilisation between overweight and obese White European and Black African-Caribbean men

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 327(4), P. E585 - E597

Published: July 31, 2024

Black African-Caribbean (BAC) populations are at greater risk of cardiometabolic disease than White Europeans (WE), despite exhibiting lower fasting triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations. However, limited data exist regarding postprandial fatty acid metabolism in BAC populations. This study determined the ethnic differences between overweight and obese WE men. [

Language: Английский

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