Update on Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Management

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(16), P. 2781 - 2781

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

Obesity is an epidemic worldwide. Overweight and multiple obesity-related mechanisms, including dysmetabolic alterations, contribute to cardiovascular deleterious effects. Hence, overweight obesity have been independently associated with increased risk, whose assessment crucial for preserving life quality reducing mortality, address appropriate therapeutic strategies in obese patients. Beyond the standard of care managing adults (i.e., diet physical exercise), several relevant pharmacotherapies approved, procedures device types weight loss recommended. In such a contest, medical management remains one option treating excess weight. Most drugs used reduce appetite increase satiety and, secondarily, slow gastric emptying body therefore, act also improve metabolic parameters. this agonists glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1RAs) modulate different pathways glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis, antioxidation, inflammation. Moreover, class has shown efficacy improving glycemic control, incidence events type 2 diabetic patients, presence diabetes. Recently, or patients pre-existing disease but without diabetes, GLP-1RA semaglutide reduced cerebrovascular death from causes. Thus, approved secondary prevention people disease. Nevertheless, whether equally effective primary be demonstrated. review, we will summarize updates on pathophysiology obesity, effects impact phenotypes diseases, novelties clinical prevention.

Language: Английский

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Exploring changes in dietary intake, exercise practices, and sedentary behavior and their association with self-reported sleep quality in people living with human immunodeficiency virus during the COVID-19 pandemic: a web-based survey

Nutrire, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 50(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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A mobile phone app to promote lifestyle change in people at risk of type 2 diabetes: A feasibility three-armed randomised controlled trial. (Preprint)

JMIR Formative Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9, P. e63737 - e63737

Published: Oct. 30, 2024

Abstract Background The use of mobile health interventions, such as apps, are proposed to meet the challenges faced by preventive care services due increasing prevalence type 2 diabetes (T2D). Thus, we developed and conducted initial feasibility testing Plunde app for promoting monitoring individual goals related lifestyle change people at risk T2D. Objective primary aim this study was assess an in secondary recruitment rate, resource requirements, potential outcomes a full scale randomized controlled trial (RCT) . Methods A 3-arm RCT lasting 12 weeks designed. Participants were recruited from 9 general practitioners Norway. Eligible participants either (1) follow-up; (2) follow-up referral usual Healthy Life Centers; or (3) Center, only. outcome measured adherence (actual usage app), System Usability Scale, motivation score gained questionnaire designed study. Criteria success preset based on these measures. Secondary included full-scale RCT. This body weight, waist circumference, self-evaluated functional status, assessed with Dartmouth Primary Care Cooperative Research Network/World Organization Family Doctors (COOP/WONCA) assessment chart. Results Within 8 months, total 54 participants, which 45 eligble participation Mean age 61 (SD 13) years 53% (n=24) female. App 86%, mean Scale 87.3 11.9), 74.8 30.3). Throughout intervention period, professionals spent average 3.0 1.0) minutes per participant week providing follow-up. Statistically significant reduction weight circumference shown group 1 3. Conclusions Based criteria success, is feasible support change. had excellent user satisfaction. amount time through low; however, slow. will guide development further research within field.

Language: Английский

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The roles of the gut microbiota, metabolites, and epigenetics in the effects of maternal exercise on offspring metabolism

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 327(6), P. E760 - E772

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

Metabolic diseases, including obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes, have become severe challenges worldwide. The developmental origins of health disease (DOHaD) hypothesis suggests that an adverse intrauterine environment can increase the risk metabolic disorders in offspring. Studies demonstrated maternal exercise is effective intervention for improving offspring health. However, pathways through which works are unclear. It has been reported gut microbiota mediates effect on metabolism, epigenetic modifications also proposed to be important molecular mechanisms. Microbial metabolites influence epigenetics by providing substrates DNA or histone modifications, binding G-protein coupled receptors affect downstream pathways, regulating activity modifying enzymes. This review aims summarize intergenerational proposes microbiota-metabolites-epigenetic regulation mechanism improves may yield novel targets early prevention diseases.

Language: Английский

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Effects of a goal attainment theory-based intervention on physical activity, body composition, and motivation in emerging adults with physical inactivity: A randomized controlled trial

Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 238, P. 280 - 288

Published: Dec. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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