A meta‐analysis of nestedness and turnover components of beta diversity across organisms and ecosystems

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 96 - 109

Published: Oct. 27, 2017

Abstract Aim The number of studies investigating the nestedness and turnover components beta diversity has increased substantially, but our general understanding drivers remains elusive. Here, we examined effects species traits, spatial extent, latitude ecosystem type on diversity. Location Global. Time period 1968–2017. Major taxa studied From bacteria to mammals. Methods 99 that partition total into its components, assembled 269 259 data points for pairwise multiple site beta‐diversity metrics, respectively. Our covered a broad variation in dispersal type, body size trophic position. were from freshwater, marine terrestrial realms, encompassed geographical areas tropics near polar regions. We used linear modelling as meta‐regression tool analyse data. Results Pairwise turnover, all decreased significantly with latitude. In contrast, showed positive relationship Beta‐diversity did not generally differ among realms. component whereas was scale invariant metrics. Multiple vary extent. Surprisingly, passively dispersed organisms had lower than flying organisms. Body relatively weak important interactions position, thus also affecting via interactive effects. Producers higher average carnivores. Main conclusions present results provide evidence being consistently larger diversity, are related study area intrinsic organismal features. two opposing patterns regard highlight may give additional insights underlying causes variability biotic communities compared alone.

Language: Английский

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The role of dispersal in river network metacommunities: Patterns, processes, and pathways

Freshwater Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 63(1), P. 141 - 163

Published: Oct. 9, 2017

Abstract River networks are hierarchical dendritic habitats embedded within the terrestrial landscape, with varying connectivity between sites depending on their positions along network. This physical organisation influences dispersal of organisms, which ultimately affects metacommunity dynamics and biodiversity patterns. We provide a conceptual synthesis role river in structuring metacommunities relation to processes riverine ecosystems. explore where network best explains observed structure compared other measurements connectivity. mostly focus invertebrates, but also consider taxonomic groups, including microbes, fishes, plants, amphibians. Synthesising studies that multiple spatial distance metrics, we found importance itself explaining patterns depended variety factors, mode (aquatic versus aerial terrestrial) landscape type (arid mesic), as well location‐specific such connectivity, land use, topographic heterogeneity, biotic interactions. The appears be less important for strong dispersers insects arid systems than groups biomes, there is considerable variability. Borrowing from literature, particularly genetics, developed model predicts explanatory power peaks mesic obligate aquatic dispersers. propose directions future avenues research, use manipulative field laboratory experiments test theory networks. While have own benefits drawbacks (e.g. reality, control, cost), both powerful approaches understanding mechanisms metacommunities, by teasing apart niche‐related factors. Finally, improving our knowledge will benefit expanding breadth cost‐distance modelling better infer observational data; an improved life‐history strategies rather relying independent traits; exploring individual‐level variation through detailed genetic studies; fine‐scale environmental daily hydrology) organismal spatiotemporal variability; synthesising comparative, experimental, theoretical work. Expanding these areas help push current state science largely pattern‐detection into new phase more mechanistically driven research.

Language: Английский

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Effects of dispersal and environmental heterogeneity on the replacement and nestedness components of β‐diversity

Ecology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 98(2), P. 525 - 533

Published: Nov. 21, 2016

Traditionally metacommunity studies have quantified the relative importance of dispersal and environmental processes on observed β-diversity. Separating β-diversity into its replacement nestedness components linking such patterns to drivers can provide richer insights biodiversity organization across spatial scales. It is often very difficult measure actual rates in field define boundaries natural metacommunities. To overcome those limitations, we revisited an experimental dataset test independent interacting effects heterogeneity each component We show that balance between resulting from eutrophication changes completely depending rates. Nutrient enrichment negatively affected local zooplankton diversity generated a pattern derived unconnected, environmentally heterogeneous landscapes. Increasing erased nestedness, whereas gained importance. In homogeneous metacommunities, limitation created community dissimilarity via species remained low unchanged levels. Our study provides novel how interact shape structure.

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity conservation through the lens of metacommunity ecology

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1469(1), P. 86 - 104

Published: May 14, 2020

Abstract Metacommunity ecology combines local (e.g., environmental filtering and biotic interactions) regional dispersal heterogeneity) processes to understand patterns of species abundance, occurrence, composition, diversity across scales space time. As such, it has a great potential generalize synthesize our understanding many ecological problems. Here, we give an overview how metacommunity perspective can provide useful insights for conservation biology, which aims mitigate the effects anthropogenic drivers that decrease population sizes, increase extinction probabilities, threaten biodiversity. We review four general processes—environmental filtering, interactions, dispersal, drift—and discuss key habitat loss fragmentation, nonnative species) alter these processes. next describe interest in metacommunities (abundance, occupancy, diversity) map onto issues at heart cases where biology benefits by taking scale‐explicit perspective. conclude with some ways forward including perspectives into ideas ecosystem functioning services, as well approaches management, preservation, restoration.

Language: Английский

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Metacommunity ecology meets biogeography: effects of geographical region, spatial dynamics and environmental filtering on community structure in aquatic organisms

Oecologia, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 183(1), P. 121 - 137

Published: Oct. 6, 2016

Language: Английский

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Effects of dispersal mode on the environmental and spatial correlates of nestedness and species turnover in pond communities

Oikos, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 126(11), P. 1575 - 1585

Published: April 17, 2017

Advances in metacommunity theory have made a significant contribution to understanding the drivers of variation biological communities. However, there has been limited empirical research exploring expression for two fundamental components beta diversity: nestedness and species turnover. In this paper, we examine influence local environmental range spatial variables (hydrological connectivity, proximity overall structure) on total diversity turnover entire macroinvertebrate community active passively dispersing taxa within pond habitats. High almost entirely reflects patterns (replacement) rather than (differences richness) our dataset. Local were main diversity, when was considered both taxa. The processes taxa, significantly greater actively Our results suggest that sorting (local variables) operating through niche primary mechanism driving contrast, factors eigenvectors) only exerted secondary diversity.

Language: Английский

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Habitat connectivity and dispersal ability drive the assembly mechanisms of macroinvertebrate communities in river networks

Freshwater Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 62(6), P. 1073 - 1082

Published: April 3, 2017

Abstract Metacommunity studies commonly use spatial distances or, more recently, landscape resistance measures between study sites as a surrogate for connectivity. However, local communities are connected to many other sources of colonisation than the included in study, and availability distance potential may be better surrogates dispersal sampling sites. Here we test effect habitat connectivity on assembly stream‐riffle macroinvertebrates with different abilities, after controlling heterogeneity among‐site (62 km average). We used null model approach compare observed community dissimilarity random expectation. Significant deviations from randomness were expected due hierarchical structure river networks their increasing flux organisms headwaters mainstem reaches. found gradual shift dispersal‐based processes driving mechanisms, limitation isolated headwater streams mid‐order streams, mass effects most streams. Weak flyers constrained by sites, whereas strong not restricted network mainly assembled through effects. The taken was sufficient unravel importance therefore particularly well suited large data sets (i.e. low geographical density sites).

Language: Английский

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Do metacommunities vary through time? Intermittent rivers as model systems

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 44(12), P. 2752 - 2763

Published: Aug. 20, 2017

Abstract Aim Metacommunity assembly mechanisms have been traditionally considered stable through time. However, in highly dynamic systems with varying local environmental conditions and patch connectivity, communities are likely to experience temporal shifts their mechanisms. Here, we used a set of perennial ( PR ) intermittent IR rivers assess if vary seasonally response flow intermittence. Location Mediterranean climate region (100,000 km 2 ), Spain. Methods We modelling approach the relative effect sorting dispersal‐based processes on aquatic invertebrate metacommunities within across river types at four distinct hydrological periods. variables sorting, geographical, network topographical distances as different dispersal surrogates. Linear mixed models accounting for non‐independence pairwise were relationships between community dissimilarity distance matrices. Results Assembly more temporally than . In , dissimilarities equally related geographical suggesting codominance species best explained during dry period when cessation imposes strong whereas metacommunity organization was much stochastic rewetting high flows may randomly reorganize communities. Dispersal dominated an increase recolonization linking both following period. Geographical variability, that overland dominates networks fragmented by drying events. Main conclusions Aquatic changes conditions. The dimension should be better incorporated into studies such rivers.

Language: Английский

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The three Rs of river ecosystem resilience: Resources, recruitment, and refugia

River Research and Applications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 35(2), P. 107 - 120

Published: Jan. 20, 2019

Abstract Resilience in river ecosystems requires that organisms must persist the face of highly dynamic hydrological and geomorphological variations. Disturbance events such as floods droughts are postulated to shape life history traits support resilience, but management conservation would benefit from greater understanding emergent effects communities organisms. We unify current knowledge taxonomic‐, phylogenetic‐, trait‐based aspects might aid identification quantification resilience mechanisms. Temporal variations productivity, physical connectivity, environmental heterogeneity resulting highlighted key characteristics promote these ecosystems. Three community‐wide mechanisms underlie (a) partitioning (competition/facilitation) dynamically varying resources, (b) dispersal, recolonization, recruitment promoted by (c) functional redundancy resource refugia. Along with taxonomic phylogenetic identity, biological related feeding specialization, dispersal ability, habitat specialization mediate organism responses disturbance. Measures factors also enable assessment relative contributions different community resilience. Interactions between abiotic drivers biotic use, persistence have clear implications for management. To needs, we propose a set taxonomic, phylogenetic, life‐history trait metrics be used measure By identifying indicators, our proposed framework can targeted strategies adapt global change.

Language: Английский

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Context dependency in biodiversity patterns of central German stream metacommunities

Freshwater Biology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 61(5), P. 607 - 620

Published: Feb. 12, 2016

Summary Context dependency is an emerging topic that challenging our understanding of the factors shaping biodiversity in metacommunities. River networks and other dendritic systems provide unique for examining variation processes between different We examined patterns five benthic invertebrate data sets, from two catchments central Germany, with aim exploring context these systems. used variance partitioning to disentangle explained three metrics: taxonomic richness, Simpson's diversity local contribution beta (LCBD; a measure uniqueness site). As explanatory variables, we proxies network position (i.e. catchment size altitude) habitat conditions. Contrary expectation, found no evidence decline LCBD downstream study. Local conditions land use played much stronger role than altitude explaining metrics. Observed were highly variable sets These findings suggest are dependent less related their along river Given clear urge researchers focus on disentangling driving high levels variability individual through study number replicate, rather single,

Language: Английский

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