Competitive overlap between martens Martes americana and Martes caurina and fishers Pekania pennanti: a rangewide perspective and synthesis

Mammal Review, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52(3), P. 392 - 409

Published: Jan. 24, 2022

Abstract Competition is a major determinant of where species occur and how interact. Among carnivorans, interspecific competition particularly apparent, as many these have evolved to be efficient killers. Theoretically, phylogenetically related carnivorans that occupy seasonal habitats, share common resources, differ in body size by factor 2.5–10× should exhibit the most interference competition. Fishers Pekania pennanti martens Martes americana caurina are members subfamily Guloninae (Mustelidae, Carnivora) forests throughout northern North America. These taxa sympatrically much their range, utilise similar consume prey; fishers also 2–5×. Consequently, two appear locked strong attempt limit competitive overlap. We review current knowledge this dyadic interaction framework ecological niches niche partitioning. In particular, we explore three critical axes diet, space, time. found that, contrast traditional view them being highly specialised, both dietary generalists; however, they specialists complexity, at least space habitats. Collectively, high degrees diet habitat overlap across ranges, likely greatest fitness consequences for smaller subordinate martens. Nevertheless, fine‐scale prey partitioning, especially partitioning along snow clines, seem mechanisms which can coexist. predict rapid change – from increasingly homogenised communities, well declining cover snowpack due climate warming destabilise marten–fisher coexistence. As continues change, experience distributional numerical shifts increased isolation southern range boundaries, vulnerable populations will driven local extirpation.

Language: Английский

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Large carnivores avoid humans while prioritizing prey acquisition in anthropogenic areas

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 92(4), P. 889 - 900

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Large carnivores are recovering in many landscapes where the human footprint is simultaneously growing. When encounter humans, way they behave often changes, which may subsequently influence how affect their prey. However, little research investigates behavioural mechanisms underpinning carnivore response to humans. As a result, it not clear predator-prey interactions and associated ecosystem processes will play out human-dominated areas into populations increasingly expanding. We hypothesized that humans would reduce predation risk for prey by disturbing or threatening survival. Alternatively, additionally, we increase providing forage resources congregate herbivorous predictable places times. Using grey wolves Canis lupus Jackson Hole, Wyoming, USA as study species, investigated 170 kill sites across spectrum of influences ranging from heavily restricted activities on protected federal lands largely unregulated private lands. Then, used conditional logistic regression quantify probability changed varied types amounts influences, while controlling environmental characteristics availability. Wolves primarily made kills terrain traps availability was high, but significantly better explained with inclusion than alone. Different had different, even converse, effects wolf predation. For example, were readily available, preferentially killed animals far motorized roads close unpaved trails. responded less strongly if at all, scarce, suggesting prioritized acquiring over avoiding interactions. Overall, our work reveals large can vary considerably among different yet appreciably alter predatory behaviour difficult obtain. These results shed new light drivers anthropogenic improving understanding dynamics around wildland-urban interface.

Language: Английский

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Ecological Traits and Intraguild Competition Mediate Spatial and Temporal Overlaps Among Sympatric Mesocarnivores

Diversity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 108 - 108

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

In terrestrial mammalian carnivore guilds, interspecific competitions (interferences and resource competitions) among sympatric species induce their ecological behavioral patterns population dynamics, thereby shaping community structures. Competitive must partition niches for sympatry, while the extent of niche overlaps is mediated by either traits (e.g., body size differences) or environmental features. We aimed to elucidate spatial temporal in mesocarnivore which are traits, regional environments, anthropogenic disturbances. investigated occurrence diel activities six estimated overlap indices various landscapes with different disturbances central Bulgaria. Statistical modeling demonstrated that mesocarnivores declined when pairs were within same family large carnivores (particularly wolves, Canis lupus) present. Furthermore, we found was associated taxonomic differences as well trophic competitions. Our findings indicated intensity interferences key decline relax antagonistic interactions.

Language: Английский

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Temporal activity patterns suggesting niche partitioning of sympatric carnivores in Borneo, Malaysia

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Oct. 6, 2021

Abstract To propose proper conservation measures and to elucidate coexistence mechanisms of sympatric carnivore species, we assessed temporal activity patterns the species using 37,379 photos collected for more than 3 years at three study sites in Borneo. We categorized nine (one bear, civets, two felids, one skunk, mustelid, linsang) by calculating photo-capturing proportions each time period (day, night, twilight). then evaluated overlaps overlap coefficients. identified six nocturnal (three felid, linsang), diurnal mustelid), cathemeral (bear) species. Temporal were high among The felid possessing morphological ecological similarities exhibited clear niche segregation, but civet with similar morphology ecology did not. Broad dietary breadth may compensate Despite richness Bornean carnivores, almost half are threatened extinction. By comparing individual radio-tracking our data, that a long-term least 2 or is necessary understand animals’ patterns, especially sun bears camera-trapping establish effective protection measures.

Language: Английский

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Species differences in temporal response to urbanization alters predator-prey and human overlap in northern Utah

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36, P. e02127 - e02127

Published: April 19, 2022

Wildlife are under continuous pressure to adapt new environments as more land area is converted for human use and populations continue concentrate in suburban exurban areas. This especially the case terrestrial mammals, which forced navigate these habitat matrices on foot. One way mammals may occupy urbanized landscapes by altering their temporal activity behavior. Typically, studies have found that increase nocturnal within avoid overlap with humans. However, date, majority of this topic focused single species, studying whether trend holds across an entire community has important ecological implications. Specifically, understanding how differences species response alters predator-prey dynamics sympatric interspecies competition can provide insight into urban wildlife assembly a mechanistic co-occurrence systems. In study, we used data from science camera trapping project northern Utah elucidate influence behavior five medium- large-sized affect predator-prey, human, competitor niche overlap. We community-wide changes study sites, increases late night midday decreases crepuscular more-urbanized site. species-specific behavioral varied, resulted reduced overlap, between coyotes (Canis latrans) potential prey species. These results information alter species-species interactions wildland-urban interface.

Language: Английский

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