Long‐term effects of host‐specific soil microbiota on plant interactions

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 13, 2025

Abstract It is increasingly recognized that resource competition and plant–soil feedback (PSF) effects can jointly determine outcomes of plant interactions. However, it less clear whether PSF modulates intraspecific or interspecific intrinsic growth rate. Thus, remains to be answered alters coexistence predictions by changing the competitive ability interacting species (fitness differences) rather altering self‐limitation (niche differences). Here, I examined host‐specific soil inoculum, including target competitor non‐specific inoculum on pairwise interactions four pairs grassland perennials. To explore were persistent dependent availability, studied over a two‐year period under control fertilized conditions. These data then used estimate fitness differences niche differences, predict coexistence. found promote competing plants in two ways. First, increased due intense competitor. Second, competitively inferior was more likely conspecific its negative effect persisted throughout experimental but absent after nutrient addition. In conclusion, increasing reversing dominance. Although have long‐term interactions, they depend abiotic (nutrient) contexts. Therefore, are mitigate inequality prevent exclusion anthropogenic fertilisation. Read free Plain Language Summary for this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

---

Disentangling key species interactions in diverse and heterogeneous communities: A Bayesian sparse modelling approach

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 1263 - 1276

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

Abstract Modelling species interactions in diverse communities traditionally requires a prohibitively large number of species‐interaction coefficients, especially when considering environmental dependence parameters. We implemented Bayesian variable selection via sparsity‐inducing priors on non‐linear abundance models to determine which should be retained and can represented as an average heterospecific interaction term, reducing the model evaluated performance using simulated communities, computing out‐of‐sample predictive accuracy parameter recovery across different input sample sizes. applied our method empirical community, allowing us disentangle direct role gradients species’ intrinsic growth rates from indirect effects competitive interactions. also identified few neighbouring community that had non‐generic with focal species. This sparse modelling approach facilitates exploration while maintaining manageable

Language: Английский

---

Specific sequence of arrival promotes coexistence via spatial niche pre‐emption by the weak competitor

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 1629 - 1639

Published: May 21, 2022

Historical contingency, such as the order of species arrival, can modify competitive outcomes via niche modification or pre-emption. However, how these mechanisms ultimately stabilising and average fitness differences remains largely unknown. By experimentally assembling two congeneric spider mite feeding on tomato plants during generations, we show that arrival affects species' ability changes outcome competition. Contrary to expectations, did not cause positive frequency dependent priority effects. Instead, coexistence was predicted when inferior competitor (Tetranychus urticae) arrived first. In case, T. urticae colonised preferred stratum (leaves) evansi leading spatial pre-emption, which equalised reduced differences, driving community assembly a close-to-neutrality scenario. Our study demonstrates context interactions may jointly determine whether coexist.

Language: Английский

---

Niche differences, not fitness differences, explain predicted coexistence across ecological groups

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 110(11), P. 2785 - 2796

Published: Sept. 3, 2022

Abstract Understanding the drivers of species coexistence is essential in ecology. Niche and fitness differences (i.e. how limit themselves compared to others species' competitive ability, respectively) permit studying consequences interactions. Yet, multitude methods compute niche hampers cross‐community comparisons. Such shortcoming leaves a gap our understanding natural whether or/and capture them. Here, we standardised across 953 pairs investigate ecological groups methodological settings (experimental setup, co‐occurrence, population model used growth method). Using data gathered from 29 empirical papers, asked large differences, small or both explain predicted coexistence. Moreover, performed an automated clustering algorithm understand different underlying mechanisms drive Finally, tested any these clusters. Species coexist have larger but not smaller than coexist. Also, group into two clear clusters along difference axis: those that are not. Surprisingly, do Synthesis . Overall, results show mainly influenced by acting on highlighting importance sustaining promote maintain In addition, provide evidence communities differ ways transcend their grouping.

Language: Английский

---

Bridging theory and experiments of priority effects

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(12), P. 1203 - 1216

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Language: Английский

---

Restoration ecology through the lens of coexistence theory

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(11), P. 1085 - 1096

Published: July 17, 2023

Ecological restoration success can depend on environmental conditions and species interactions, initial trajectories may not reflect long-term outcomes.Coexistence theory help diagnose outcomes early by assessing whether focal increase when at low density.Partitioning the effect of environment competition low-density growth rates guide efforts. As human influence over Earth's ecosystems increases amount land available for traditional conservation dwindles, ecological is gaining traction as an essential tool biodiversity [1.Gann G.D. et al.International principles standards practice restoration.Restor. Ecol. 2019; 27: S1-S46Crossref Scopus (571) Google Scholar]. Despite enthusiasm, discipline ecology has struggled to become a predictive science capable consistently improving [2.Hobbs R.J. Norton D.A. Towards conceptual framework ecology.Restor. 1996; 4: 93-110Crossref Scholar,3.Suding K. Toward era in ecology: successes, failures, opportunities ahead.Annu. Rev. Evol. Syst. 2011; 42: 465-487Crossref (233) Over history ecology, frameworks often assumed monotonic recovery trajectory [4.Brudvig L.A. The biodiversity: where research been does it need go?.Am. J. Bot. 98: 549-558Crossref PubMed (202) Scholar] or aimed 'carbon copy' past site [5.Hilderbrand R.H. al.The myths ecology.Ecol. Soc. 2005; 10: 19Crossref (311) Scholar], drawing largely from theories succession community assembly [6.Wainwright C.E. al.Links between are rise.J. Appl. 2017; 55: 570-581Crossref (55) At same time, there long-standing appreciation that nonlinear [7.Young T.P. al.Community comparing, contrasting combining paradigms context restoration.Ecol. Restor. 2001; 19: 5-18Crossref Scholar,8.Suding K.N. Hobbs Threshold models conservation: developing framework.Trends 2009; 24: 271-279Abstract Full Text PDF (495) diverge due specific time period project implementation [9.Choi Y.D. Theories changing environment: toward 'futuristic' Res. 2004; 75-81Crossref (0) Scholar,10.Vaughn K.J. Young Contingent conclusions: year initiation influences field experiments, but temporal replication rare.Restor. 2010; 18: 59-64Crossref (65) Explicitly incorporating role variability important assess efforts variable world Scholar,9.Choi Within broader Modern Coexistence Theory (hereafter 'coexistence theory') [11.Chesson P. Mechanisms maintenance diversity.Annu. 2000; 31: 343-366Crossref (4341) Scholar,12.Barabás G. al.Chesson's coexistence theory.Ecol. Monogr. 2018; 88: 277-303Crossref (152) emerged delineate interactions how coexist, ultimately influencing composition diversity. emphasizes importance spatial dynamics provides analytical metrics relation average conditions. led advances numerous subfields, such [13.Bowler C.H. al.Accounting demographic uncertainty predictions coexistence: case study with annual plants.Ecol. Lett. 2022; 25: 1618-1628Crossref (5) Scholar, 14.Hallett L.M. al.Rainfall maintains grass-forb coexistence.Ecol. 22: 1658-1667Crossref (52) 15.Grainger T.N. Invasion Criterion: common currency research.Trends 34: 925-935Abstract (69) invasion biology [16.MacDougall A.S. al.Plant invasions niche.J. 97: 609-615Crossref (332) Scholar,17.Godoy O. understand biological interaction networks: Implications novel ecosystems.Funct. 33: 1190-1201Crossref (26) trait-based [18.Adler P.B. al.Trait-based tests mechanisms.Ecol. 2013; 16: 1294-1306Crossref (367) 19.Kraft N.J. functional traits multidimensional nature coexistence.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2015; 112: 797-802Crossref 20.Yu W. Li ecology.Biodivers. 2020; 28: 1362Crossref (6) Here, we unify improve goals, strategies, assessment increasingly (Figure 1). We concentrate restoring herbaceous plant communities, because they both frequent focus model system developments theory. However, our proposed approaches adaptable other systems. understanding delineating mechanisms (see Glossary) maintain These include classic niche partitioning well fluctuations. For example, formalized differences responses fluctuations lead able 'store' through bad years, seed banks adult stages, component commonly considered 'storage effect' mechanism [12.Barabás Scholar,21.Sears A.L. Chesson New methods quantifying storage effect: illustration desert annuals.Ecology. 2007; 2240-2247Crossref (100) Similarly, abiotic biotic greater benefits good years relative tend promote persistence [22.Chesson Quantifying testing arising recruitment fluctuations.Theor. Popul. Biol. 2003; 64: 345-357Crossref 23.Letten A.D. al.Species simultaneous fluctuation-dependent mechanisms.Proc. 115: 6745-6750Crossref (64) 24.Shoemaker L.G. al.Integrating underlying structure stochasticity into ecology.Ecology. 101e02922Crossref (67) A key contribution tools quantify contributing variability. How will persist go extinct time? Persistence assessed via criterion, whereby coexist if each density while experiencing surrounding resident Scholar,25.Chesson Updates diversity.J. 106: 1773-1794Crossref (128) criterion evaluated calculating rate (LDGR) species; positive LDGR indicates persist, negative cannot invade or, present, predicted eventually locally such, reflects joint intrinsic absence net impact Long-term averaging periods capture full range experiences [14.Hallett use helpful imperfect; one fails scenarios which depends presence conspecifics (e.g., Allee effects) generally realistic conditions, most populations experience rarity, especially within small sites and/or diverse communities [26.Maina G.G. Howe H.F. Inherent rarity restoration.Conserv. 14: 1335-1340Crossref (41) Does their risk extinction? addresses this question partitioning, accounts variation occurs [27.Chesson Multispecies environments.Theor. 1994; 45: 227-276Crossref (480) space [28.Chesson General competitive spatially-varying 58: 211-237Crossref (636) Different partitionings have developed target different Scholar,27.Chesson 28.Chesson 29.Adler al.A neutrality.Ecol. 95-104Crossref (780) 30.Ellner S.P. al.An expanded modern empirical applications.Ecol. 3-18Crossref (72) idea written sum terms, reflecting alters coexistence. Ellner al. [30.Ellner simulations conducted turned 'on' 'off' population (such coefficients), singly combination, parameter overall Scholar,23.Letten This scenarios, isolates versus experience. In similar vein, be partition consequence strategies modifying community) abundance (Box 1).Box 1Applying scenariosCoexistence used make about interventions. To realistic, these should describe performance IA,B). Site descriptions, including climate records, soil maps, vegetation monitoring, natural history, practitioner experience, inform include. approach fit under representative condition. done experimentally, creating manipulating densities them, observationally, using monitoring data sufficient scenarios. yield biomass fecundity) measured, community. While form vary system, measures allow species' (λ) neighboring (α) estimated condition IC,D).Once fit, calculated simulation introduced existing environments, parameters associated condition, weighted frequency occur. partitioned λ, α) either varies held constant, combination IE). interventions likewise simulated altering distribution calculate (to actions ameliorate conditions) reducing before reduce competitors) Finally, step observed targeted benefit only requires modeling species, improved reciprocally residents, substantially affects them. IC,D). Once Restoration goals centered achieving desired composition, historically comparing restored reference 1A [1]). after management, many still flux, transient indicative [31.Guerrant E.O. value propriety reintroduction rare plants.Botany. 91: v-xCrossref (21) Scholar,32.Shriver R.K. Transient impede ecosystem transformation disturbance.Ecol. 1357-1366Crossref (47) rather representing successional stages [33.del Moral R. al.Insights gained landscape function.in: Walker L.R. Linking Succession. Springer, 2007: 19-44Crossref actions, planting seeding [34.Aoyama L. al.Application indication trajectories.Ecol. 32e2649Crossref (2) dynamics, paired short windows projects [3.Suding limit ability link patterns [35.Zurell D. al.Spatially explicit decision-making animal restoration.Ecography. 4e05787Google reconcile discrepancies indicators [32.Shriver Scholar,36.Armstrong D.P. Seddon P.J. Directions biology.Trends 2008; 23: 20-25Abstract (756) clear goal: puts persistence, precluding abundance-based additional gauges (Table appropriate minimal its aligned ancillary undesirable resident. concern, single-population analyses [37.Albrecht M.A. al.Effects life reproduction lags reintroductions plants.Conserv. 601-611Crossref (24) Scholar,38.Vitt community-level grassland management non-target Agalinis auriculata.Biol. Conserv. 142: 798-805Crossref (19) deviates interest than reciprocal all community, greatly reduces requirements. could expected quantified separately [39.Bowler al.Positive effects exotic dampened neighborhood heterogeneity.Ecology. 103e3779Crossref so long primary concern interact another [19.Kraft Scholar,40.Van Dyke M.N. al.Small rainfall changes drive substantial coexistence.Nature. 611: 507-511Crossref (8) develop nondesired aiming nondesirable rates, leading local elimination.Table 1Information required apply situationsRestoration goalInformationSituationRefsIncrease cover/biomassSpecies-level cover/biomass bare patches coverAfter mining events, constructing roads entirely remove cover[90.Cobbaert al.Experimental fen peat mining.Appl. Veg. 7: 209-220Crossref (66) Scholar,91.Miao Z.-W. al.Ecological rebuilding reclamation surface mines Shanxi province, China.J. Environ. 12: 486-497Google Scholar]Increase keystone speciesVariation across grown alone itself speciesAfter loss fire, flooding strong perturbation, following introduction dramatically altered ecosystem[92.Layton C. al.Kelp forest Australia.Front. Mar. 74Crossref (84) Scholar,93.Koch J.M. Samsa G.P. Restoring jarrah trees bauxite Western Australia.Restor. 15: S17-S25Crossref Scholar]Remove undesired invasive event new indirectly allows invasion, disturbance nitrogen deposition[34.Aoyama Scholar,94.Flory S.L. Clay Invasive removal method determines native responses.J. 46: 434-442Crossref biodiversityVariation group Differences distinguish groups (including itself)After perturbation particularly affected some groups. perturbations pest outbreak, nutrient deposition, extreme heat waves[95.Gherardi Sala O.E. Enhanced interannual precipitation diversity turn ameliorates productivity.Ecol. 1293-1300Crossref (94) Scholar,96.Ostertag al.Using restore Hawaiian rainforest.J. 52: 805-809Crossref (96) richnessThe data-demanding goal account individual independent axes densitiesRestoration mitigate global change drivers biodiversity, change, intensity[97.Allan E. al.Interannual land-use intensity enhances multidiversity.Proc. 2014; 111: 308-313Crossref Scholar,98.Pakeman Functional indices reveal impacts intensification assembly.J. 99: 1143-1151Crossref (161) Open table tab date, setting relied historic ranges ecosystems, data-intensive exercise [41.Farrell H.L. preparation equal those dryland site: 6 development.Restor. 2021; 29e13482Crossref (4) Scholar]) explicitly variables. By contrast, focuses viability shifts environments Scholar,42.Mordecai E.A. al.Controls perennial grass exclusion California grasslands invaded 96: 2643-2652Crossref (15) Scholar,43.Bimler M.D. Accurate systems require inclusion facilitative dependency.J. 1839-1852Crossref (59) informing more quantifiable Usinowicz Levine [44.Usinowicz Species change: geographical scale problem.Ecol. 21: 1589-1603Crossref (22) mapped LDGRs along gradient forecast set current future Improving heart ideally helping address questions as: what potential [45.Wilson K.A. al.Optimal restoration: accounting space, uncertainty.J. 48: 715-725Crossref Scholar]? Is passive (i.e., simply ceasing causes degradation) sufficient, active necessary [46.Holl K.D. Aide T.M. When actively ecosystems?.For. Manag. 261: 1558-1563Crossref (420) If needed, site, [47.Hobbs al.Intervention applying twenty-first century.BioScience. 61: 442-450Crossref (303) degree influenced Scholar,34.Aoyama

Language: Английский

---

Higher‐order species interactions cause time‐dependent niche and fitness differences: Experimental evidence in plant‐feeding arthropods

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(5)

Published: April 29, 2024

Abstract Species interact in different ways, including competition, facilitation and predation. These interactions can be non‐linear or higher order may depend on time species densities. Although these higher‐order are virtually ubiquitous, they remain poorly understood, as challenging both theoretically empirically. We propose to adapt niche fitness differences from modern coexistence theory apply them over time. As such, not merely inform about coexistence, but provide a deeper understanding of how change. Here, we investigated the exploitation biotic resource (plant) by phytophagous arthropods affects their interactions. performed monoculture competition experiments fit generalized additive mixed model empirical data, which allowed us calculate differences. found that switch between types time, intra‐ interspecific facilitation, strong weak competition.

Language: Английский

---

Building modern coexistence theory from the ground up: The role of community assembly

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(11), P. 1840 - 1861

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

Abstract Modern coexistence theory (MCT) is one of the leading methods to understand species coexistence. It uses invasion growth rates—the average, per‐capita rate a rare species—to identify when and why coexist. Despite significant advances in dissecting mechanisms occurs, MCT relies on ‘mutual invasibility’ condition designed for two‐species communities but poorly defined species‐rich communities. Here, we review well‐known issues with this component propose solution based recent mathematical advances. We clear framework expanding understanding resistance as well coexistence, especially that could not be analysed so far. Using two data‐driven community models from literature, illustrate utility our highlight opportunities bridging fields assembly

Language: Английский

---

Trophic tug‐of‐war: Coexistence mechanisms within and across trophic levels

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Ecological communities encompass rich diversity across multiple trophic levels. While modern coexistence theory has been widely applied to understand community assembly, its traditional formalism only allows assembly within a single level. Here, using an expanded definition of niche and fitness differences applicable multitrophic communities, we study how levels affects species coexistence. If each level is analysed separately, both lower‐ higher are governed by the same mechanisms. In contrast, if as whole, different mechanisms: at lower predominantly limited differences, whereas differences. This dichotomy in mechanisms supported theoretical derivations, simulations phenomenological trait‐based models, case primeval forest ecosystem. Our work provides general testable prediction mechanism operating communities.

Language: Английский

---

How does facilitation influence the outcome of species interactions?

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 111(10), P. 2094 - 2104

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Abstract Research on facilitation has not had the advantage of being explicitly underpinned by mathematical population dynamic theory. This limited understanding role ecological dynamics and integration into general I show that facilitative interactions can be classified four categories likely to dynamically similar interaction types for which population‐dynamic theory does exist. classification provides a useful foundation studies reveals several fundamental questions unanswered existing empirical work. While typically been excluded from ‘competitive’ coexistence, also describe how coexistence always default assumption species only compete; recent developments in fully accommodate potentially important influence facilitation. Simple models multispecies emphasize importance reciprocal interspecific interactions, intraspecific density dependence outcome interactions. point approaches aligning future with these features. Synthesis : Closely at least some work will further improve effects dynamics.

Language: Английский

---