A step-by-step tutorial on active inference and its application to empirical data

Journal of Mathematical Psychology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 107, P. 102632 - 102632

Published: Feb. 4, 2022

The active inference framework, and in particular its recent formulation as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), has gained increasing popularity years useful approach for modeling neurocognitive processes. This framework is highly general flexible ability to be customized model any cognitive process, well simulate predicted neuronal responses based on accompanying neural theory. It also affords both simulation experiments proof of principle behavioral empirical studies. However, there are limited resources that explain how build run these models practice, which limits their widespread use. Most introductions assume technical background programming, mathematics, machine learning. In this paper we offer step-by-step tutorial POMDPs, simulations using standard MATLAB routines, fit data. We minimal programming thoroughly all equations, provide exemplar scripts can theoretical Our goal the reader with requisite knowledge practical tools apply own research. optional sections multiple appendices, interested additional details. should necessary use follow emerging advances

Language: Английский

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Individual differences in computational psychiatry: A review of current challenges

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 148, P. 105137 - 105137

Published: March 20, 2023

Bringing precision to the understanding and treatment of mental disorders requires instruments for studying clinically relevant individual differences. One promising approach is development computational assays: integrating models with cognitive tasks infer latent patient-specific disease processes in brain computations. While recent years have seen many methodological advancements modelling cross-sectional patient studies, much less attention has been paid basic psychometric properties (reliability construct validity) measures provided by assays. In this review, we assess extent issue examining emerging empirical evidence. We find that suffer from poor properties, which poses a risk invalidating previous findings undermining ongoing research efforts using assays study (and even group) provide recommendations how address these problems and, crucially, embed them within broader perspective on key developments are needed translating clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Metaverse in Mental Health: The Beginning of a Long History

Current Psychiatry Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 294 - 303

Published: April 11, 2024

Abstract Purpose of Review We review the first pilot studies applying metaverse-related technologies in psychiatric patients and discuss rationale for using this complex federation to treat mental diseases. Concerning previous virtual-reality applications medical care, metaverse provide unique opportunity define, control, shape virtual scenarios shared by multi-users exploit “synchronized brains” potential exacerbated social interactions. Recent Findings The application an avatar-based sexual therapy program conducted on a platform has been demonstrated be more effective concerning traditional coaching treating female orgasm disorders. Again, metaverse-based skills training tested children with autism spectrum disorders, demonstrating significant impact interaction abilities. Summary Metaverse-related could enable us develop new reliable approaches diseases where behavioral symptoms can addressed socio-attentive tasks social-interaction strategies.

Language: Английский

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Allostasis as a core feature of hierarchical gradients in the human brain

Network Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(4), P. 1010 - 1031

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

This paper integrates emerging evidence from two broad streams of scientific literature into one common framework: (a) hierarchical gradients functional connectivity that reflect the brain's large-scale structural architecture (e.g., a lamination gradient in cerebral cortex); and (b) approaches to predictive processing its specific instantiations called

Language: Английский

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Toward recovery in schizophrenia: Current concepts, findings, and future research directions

Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76(7), P. 282 - 291

Published: March 2, 2022

Schizophrenia was initially defined as “dementia praecox” by E. Kraepelin, which implies progressive deterioration. However, recent studies have revealed that early effective intervention may lead to social and functional recovery in schizophrenia. In this review, we provide an overview of current concepts schizophrenia pathophysiological hypotheses. addition, present findings from clinical basic research on Recent neuroimaging neurophysiological consistently specific biological differences the structure function brain those with From a perspective, determine essential pathophysiology underlying schizophrenia, it is crucial all lines inquiry—induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived neural cells patients, murine models expressing genetic mutations identified patient data—be integrated contextualize analysis results. remain insufficient serve diagnostic tool or biomarker for predicting schizophrenia‐related outcomes. Collaborations conduct based patients' their families' values are just beginning, further development expected.

Language: Английский

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Interpersonal attunement in social interactions: from collective psychophysiology to inter- personalized psychiatry and beyond

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 378(1870)

Published: Dec. 26, 2022

In this article, we analyse social interactions, drawing on diverse points of views, ranging from dialectics, second-person neuroscience and enactivism to dynamical systems, active inference machine learning. To end, define interpersonal attunement as a set multi-scale processes building up materializing expectations-put simply, anticipating interacting with others ourselves. While cultivating negotiating common ground, via communication culture-building activities, are indispensable for the survival individual, relevant mechanisms have been largely considered in isolation. Here, collective psychophysiology, argue, can lend itself fine-tuned analysis without neglecting individual. On other hand, an mismatch expectations lead breakdown isolation known negatively affect mental health. regard, review psychopathology terms misattunement, conceptualizing psychiatric disorders interaction, describe how individual health is inextricably linked interaction. By doing so, foresee avenues inter-personalized psychiatry, which moves static spectrum dynamic relational space, focusing multi-faceted interaction help promote This article part theme issue 'Concepts interaction: engagement inner experiences'.

Language: Английский

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Osteopathic Care as (En)active Inference: A Theoretical Framework for Developing an Integrative Hypothesis in Osteopathy

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 18, 2022

Osteopathy is a person-centred healthcare discipline that emphasizes the body’s structure-function interrelationship—and its self-regulatory mechanisms—to inform whole-person approach to health and wellbeing. This paper aims provide theoretical framework for developing an integrative hypothesis in osteopathy, which based on enactivist active inference accounts. We propose osteopathic care can be reconceptualised under (En)active as unifying framework. Active suggests action-perception cycles operate minimize uncertainty optimize individual’s internal model of lived world and, crucially, consequences their behaviour. argue offers evince mechanisms underlying dyadic triadic (e.g., paediatric care) exchanges outcomes. this underpin across lifespan, from preterm infants elderly those with persistent pain other physical symptoms. In situations chronicity, ecological niche, patient-practitioner dyad provides osteopath patient set affordances, i.e., possibilities action provided by environment, through shared intentionally, promote adaptations restoration productive agency. Through therapeutic relationship, they engage niche’s affordances—a structured affordances agents—osteopath actively construct sense-making narrative realise generative relation niche. general, touch plays critical role robust alliance, mental state alignment, biobehavioural synchrony between practitioner. However, particularly crucial fields neonatology paediatrics, where it becomes central regulating allostasis restoring homeostasis. standpoint, niche underwrites effectiveness care. Considerations implications model—to clinical practice research, both within- outside osteopathy—are critically discussed.

Language: Английский

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Correspondence of functional connectivity gradients across human isocortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: April 12, 2023

Gradient mapping is an important technique to summarize high dimensional biological features as low manifold representations in exploring brain structure-function relationships at various levels of the cerebral cortex. While recent studies have characterized major gradients functional connectivity several structures using this technique, very few systematically examined correspondence such across under a common systems-level framework. Using resting-state magnetic resonance imaging, here we show that organizing principles isocortex, and those cerebellum hippocampus relation can be described two gradients. We suggest similarity these meaningfully interpreted within computational framework based on predictive processing. The present results, specific hypotheses they suggest, represent step toward integrative account function.

Language: Английский

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Breathing in waves: Understanding respiratory-brain coupling as a gradient of predictive oscillations

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 152, P. 105262 - 105262

Published: June 3, 2023

Breathing plays a crucial role in shaping perceptual and cognitive processes by regulating the strength synchronisation of neural oscillations. Numerous studies have demonstrated that respiratory rhythms govern wide range behavioural effects across cognitive, affective, domains. Additionally, respiratory-modulated brain oscillations been observed various mammalian models diverse frequency spectra. However, comprehensive framework to elucidate these disparate phenomena remains elusive. In this review, we synthesise existing findings propose gradient examine recent computational map onto hierarchical cascade precision-weighted prediction errors. By deciphering mechanisms underlying control processes, can potentially uncover new pathways for understanding link between respiratory-brain coupling psychiatric disorders.

Language: Английский

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The Human Affectome

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 158, P. 105450 - 105450

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

Over the last decades, interdisciplinary field of affective sciences has seen proliferation rather than integration theoretical perspectives. This is due to differences in metaphysical and mechanistic assumptions about human phenomena (what they are how work) which, shaped by academic motivations values, have determined constructs operationalizations. An assumption on purpose can be used as a teleological principle guide construction common set assumptions—a framework for research. In this capstone paper special issue "Towards an Integrated Understanding Human Affectome", we gather tiered synthesize that account collectively. teleologically-grounded offers principled agenda launchpad both organizing existing perspectives generating new ones. Ultimately, hope Affectome brings us step closer not only integrated understanding phenomena, but

Language: Английский

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