Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
36(12), P. 2822 - 2830
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Motivation
is
often
thought
to
enhance
adaptive
decision-making
by
biasing
actions
toward
rewards
and
away
from
punishment.
Emerging
evidence,
however,
points
a
more
nuanced
view
whereby
motivation
can
both
impair
different
aspects
of
decision-making.
Model-based
approaches
have
gained
prominence
over
the
past
decade
for
developing
precise
mechanistic
explanations
how
incentives
impact
goal-directed
behavior.
In
this
Special
Focus,
we
highlight
three
studies
that
demonstrate
computational
frameworks
help
decompose
decision
processes
into
constituent
cognitive
components,
as
well
formalize
when
motivational
factors
(e.g.,
monetary
rewards)
influence
specific
processes,
strategies,
self-report
measures.
Finally,
I
conclude
with
provocative
suggestion
based
on
recent
advances
in
field:
organisms
do
not
merely
seek
maximize
expected
value
extrinsic
incentives.
Instead,
they
may
be
optimizing
achieve
desired
internal
state
homeostasis,
effort,
affect).
Future
investigation
such
will
fruitful
endeavor
unlocking
cognitive,
computational,
neural
mechanisms
motivated
Cognition & Emotion,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(4), P. 418 - 436
Published: May 18, 2024
While
many
believe
that
affective
polarisation
poses
a
significant
threat
to
democratic
stability,
the
definition
and
operationalisation
of
concept
varies
greatly.
This
leads
conceptual
slippage
as
well
imprecise
tests
causes
consequences
polarisation.
In
order
clearly
identify
target
its
micro-foundations,
we
must
understand
degree
which
political
divides
are,
in
fact,
affective.
this
paper,
do
so.
We
begin
by
delineating
polarisation,
social
divide
is
purportedly
distinct
from
policy-based
disagreements.
Subsequently,
explore
influence
emotions
politics,
including
how
affect
conceptualised
within
framework
Where
possible,
our
literature
review
supplemented
with
analyses
existing
datasets
support
points.
The
paper
concludes
proposing
series
questions
emotion
researchers
could
address
study
Psychology Research and Behavior Management,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 17, P. 2331 - 2345
Published: June 1, 2024
Abstract:
Over
the
past
two
decades,
functional
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(fMRI)
has
become
primary
tool
for
exploring
neural
correlates
of
emotion.
To
enhance
reliability
results
in
understanding
complex
nature
emotional
experiences,
researchers
combine
findings
from
multiple
fMRI
studies
using
coordinate-based
meta-analysis
(CBMA).
As
one
most
widely
employed
CBMA
methods
worldwide,
activation
likelihood
estimation
(ALE)
is
great
importance
affective
neuroscience
and
neuropsychology.
This
comprehensive
review
provides
an
introductory
guide
implementing
ALE
method
emotion
research,
outlining
experimental
steps
involved.
By
presenting
a
case
study
about
disgust,
with
regard
to
both
its
core
social
processing,
we
offer
insightful
commentary
as
how
can
enable
produce
consistent
and,
consequently,
fruitfully
investigate
mechanisms
underpinning
emotions,
facilitating
further
progress
this
field.
Keywords:
mapping,
BrainMap,
quantitative
synthesis,
meta-analysis,
fMRI,
Journal of Clinical Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(14), P. 4249 - 4249
Published: July 20, 2024
Background/Objectives:
Burden
Syndrome,
also
known
as
Caregiver
particularly
affects
those
who
serve
in
the
role
of
informal
caregiver
presence
family
members
with
conditions.
The
ABCX
dual
model
examines
impact
on
diagnosis
autism
spectrum
disorder
(ASD)
family.
This
considers
severity
stressor
(A),
additional
demands
life
stress
(aA),
family’s
internal
resources
(B),
external
(bB),
assessment
situation
(C),
coping
strategies
(cC),
and
outcome
(X).
purpose
present
study
is
to
investigate
relationships
between
resilience,
guilt,
burden
care
caregivers
children
ASD.
Methods:
Various
instruments
were
used,
including
“Caregiver
Inventory”
measure
burden,
“Brief
Resilience
Scale”
assess
“Guilt
Sensitivity
Questionnaire”
examine
guilt
sensitivity,
“DA.L.I.A.”
collect
information
parent
child
characteristics.
A
total
80
parents/caregivers
participated
research,
53
women
(Age
M
=
41.72;
SD
7.8)
27
men
43.35;
6.29).
Results:
findings
indicate
that
individuals’
resilience
stressful
events
correlates
negatively
a
developmental
subtype.
However,
seems
not
play
significant
overall
perception
burden.
In
contrast,
it
was
found
use
supports
associated
higher
levels
emotional
whereas
formal
correlated
but
perceptions
guilt.
Conclusions:
provides
important
about
support
needed
by
suggests
how
address
burdens
prevent
burnout
families
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 106085 - 106085
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
Posttraumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD)
is
a
disabling
psychiatric
that
arises
after
acute
or
chronic
exposure
to
threatened
death,
serious
injury,
sexual
violence.
The
pathophysiology
of
PTSD
complex
and
involves
dysregulation
multiple
interacting
brain
regions
neurobiological
systems
including
the
sympathetic
nervous
system,
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA)
axis,
immune
system.
Deficient
biosynthesis
neurosteroids
positively
modulate
GABAA
receptor
function,
allopregnanolone
(Allo)
its
equipotent
stereoisomer
pregnanolone
(PA),
also
affects
subpopulation
individuals
with
associated
increased
risk,
severity,
chronicity
treatment
resistance.
synthesis
these
neuroactive
steroids
by
brain,
adrenal
glands,
gonads
may
be
influenced
stress,
drugs,
social
isolation
other
factors
impact
on
balance
inhibitory
versus
excitatory
(I/E)
neurotransmission
in
brain.
These
are
thus
considered
potential
target
for
new
therapeutics.
In
this
review,
we
first
present
studies
humans
rodents
performed
over
past
20
years
have
shaped
our
current
understanding
role
Allo
PA
PTSD.
We
will
discuss
means
which
rigorous
measurement
can
used
identify
individually-variable
dysfunctional
patterns
neurosteroidogenesis
could
targeted
prevent
treat
This
broadened
precision
medicine
approach
diagnosis
neuroendocrinopathies
aid
reducing
risk
facilitating
effective
prescribing
hope
such
an
forestall
development
individually
variable
but
common
psychiatric,
substance
abuse,
medical
PTSD-comorbidities.
Media and Communication,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: April 8, 2024
The
negativity
bias
hypothesis
in
political
communication
contends
that
people
are
more
aroused
by
negative
vs.
positive
news.
Soroka
et
al.
(2019)
provide
evidence
for
this
a
study
17
countries
across
six
continents.
We
find
suggestive
al.’s
central
finding
causes
an
increase
skin
conductance
levels
conceptually
close,
well-powered,
and
preregistered
replication.
extend
three
ways.
First,
we
theorise,
test,
confirm
(vs.
positive)
news
activity
of
the
corrugator
major
muscle
above
eyebrow
(using
facial
electromyography
activity)
is
associated
with
affect.
Second,
self-reporting
affect
but
(instead
negative)
increases
self-reported
arousal.
Third,
test
argument
another
context,
Netherlands.
Our
article
suggests
is,
especially,
causing
Doing
so,
contribute
to
research
and,
at
same
time,
show
importance
replication
empirical
research.
Bilingualism Language and Cognition,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 16
Published: April 25, 2024
Socio-cognitive
research
on
bilinguals
points
to
a
moral
foreign-language
effect
(MFLE),
with
more
utilitarian
choices
(e.g.,
sacrificing
someone
save
people)
for
dilemmas
presented
in
the
second
language
(L2)
relative
first
language.
Yet,
inconsistent
results
highlight
influence
of
subject-level
variables,
including
critical
underexplored
factor:
L2
proficiency
(L2p).
Here
we
provide
systematic
review
57
bilingualism
studies
dilemmas,
showing
that
L2p
rarely
modulates
responses
impersonal
but
it
does
impact
personal
(with
MFLEs
proving
consistent
at
intermediate
levels
unsystematic
high
levels).
We
propose
an
empirico-theoretical
framework
conceptualize
such
patterns,
highlighting
four
affective
mediating
factors:
mental
imagery,
inhibitory
control,
prosocial
behavior
and
numerical
processing.
Finally,
outline
core
challenges
field.
These
insights
open
new
avenues
crossing
social
cognition
research.
