Gestational age at birth and body size from infancy through adolescence: An individual participant data meta-analysis on 253,810 singletons in 16 birth cohort studies

PLoS Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. e1004036 - e1004036

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

Background Preterm birth is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with adverse developmental long-term health outcomes, including several cardiometabolic risk factors outcomes. However, evidence about association preterm later body size derives mainly from studies using weight as a proxy prematurity rather than an actual length gestation. We investigated gestational age (GA) at infancy through adolescence. Methods findings conducted two-stage individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis 253,810 mother–child dyads 16 general population-based cohort in Europe (Denmark, Finland, France, Italy, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Netherlands, United Kingdom), North America (Canada), Australasia (Australia) to estimate GA mass index (BMI) overweight (including obesity) adjusted for following maternal characteristics potential confounders: education, height, prepregnancy BMI, ethnic background, parity, smoking during pregnancy, child’s birth, diabetes hypertension, preeclampsia. Pregnancy LifeCycle EUCAN-Connect projects were invited eligible inclusion if they had information on minimum one measurement BMI between Using federated analytical tool (DataSHIELD), we fitted linear logistic regression models each separately complete-case approach combined estimates standard errors random-effects study-level providing overall effect early (>0.0 0.5 years), late (>0.5 2.0 childhood (>2.0 5.0 mid-childhood (>5.0 9.0 (>9.0 14.0 adolescence (>14.0 19.0 years). was positively first decade life, greatest increase mean z-score (0.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.00; 0.05, p < 0.05) per week GA, while adolescence, individuals reached similar levels (0.00, CI: −0.01; 0.01, 0.9) term counterparts. The revealed pattern odds ratio (OR) (OR 1.01 1.02) GA. By however, slightly negatively 0.98 [95% 0.97; 1.00], 0.1) Although based only four cohorts ( n = 32,089) that suggest born very may be increased 1.46 1.03; 2.08], compared Findings consistent across sensitivity analyses despite considerable heterogeneity characteristics. residual confounding limitation this study, less generalisable settings low- middle-income countries. Conclusions This study found important infancy, but strength attenuates consistently age. have average peers term.

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular risk emerges earlier by birth weight and preterm birth status in the United States add health sample

International Journal of Cardiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 132994 - 132994

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The growth diversity of preterm infants at 0–36 months corrected age in China: a real-world observational study

Frontiers in Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Premature delivery interrupts the natural growth of fetus. The postnatal healthy management preterm infants still follows term standards after a postmenstrual age (PMA) 40 weeks and there is lack research on longitudinal dynamic tracks infants. Based database established by Wuhan University Internet+ Early Childhood Development Alliance in China, information infants, including birth registration health follow-ups from 2016 to 2022, was incorporated into system. Standardized anthropometric measurements were recorded corrected (CA) 36 months. A generalized additive model based location, scale, shape used establish percentile values curves. In total, 79,514 included this study, weights at each gestational (GA) similar Chinese standards. When evaluated weight, we found that proportions extrauterine retardation PMA all above 10% GA ≤34-week groups reached between 17.19% 55.56% very (VPIs). There high incidence with weight below third VPIs when referring CAs 0, 6, 12, 24, months (p < 0.001). We curves population different GAs 0 months, which indicated weight/length late close while trajectory consistently lagged behind Our study revealed trajectories GAs. set for established, offering an optional method assessment special population.

Language: Английский

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The association between late preterm birth and cardiometabolic conditions across the life course: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(2), P. 264 - 275

Published: Nov. 22, 2021

Abstract Background The effect of being born late preterm (34–36 weeks gestation) on cardiometabolic outcomes across the life course is unclear. Objectives To systematically review association between (spontaneous or indicated), compared to term and in children adults. Data sources EMBASE(Ovid), MEDLINE(Ovid), CINAHL. Study selection data extraction Observational studies up July 2021 were included. characteristics, gestational age, outcomes, risk ratios (RRs), odds (ORs), hazard (HRs), mean differences 95% confidence intervals (CIs) extracted. Synthesis We pooled converted RRs using random‐effects meta‐analyses for diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease (IHD) body mass index (BMI) with subgroups bias was assessed Newcastle‐Ottawa scale certainty evidence grading recommendations, assessment, development evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results Forty‐one included (41,203,468 total participants; median: 5.0% preterm). Late birth associated increased diabetes (RR 1.24, CI 1.17, 1.32; nine studies; n = 6,056,511; incidence 0.9%; I 2 51%; low certainty) hypertension 1.21, 1.13, 1.30; 11 3,983,141; 3.4%; 64%; adults combined. decreased BMI z ‐scores (standard difference −0.38; −0.67, −0.09; five 32,602; proportion 8.3%; 96%; very certainty). There insufficient that IHD (HR 1.20, 0.89, 1.62; four 2,706,806; 0.3%; 87%; Conclusions an hypertension. low. Inconsistencies definitions, confounding variables outcome age limited comparability studies.

Language: Английский

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Integrating genetics, metabolites, and clinical characteristics in predicting cardiometabolic health outcomes using machine learning algorithms – A systematic review

Computers in Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 186, P. 109661 - 109661

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Machine learning (ML) integration of clinical, metabolite, and genetic data reveals variable results in predicting cardiometabolic health (CMH) outcomes. Therefore, we aim to (1) evaluate whether a multi-modal approach incorporating all three types using ML algorithms can improve CMH outcome prediction compared single-modal or paired-modal models, (2) compare the methodologies used existing models. We systematically searched five databases from 1998 2024 for predictive modelling studies Risk-of-bias assessment tools were assess methodological quality. Study characteristics, algorithms, preprocessing, evaluation methods metrics, feature selections, importance parameters synthesized narratively show heterogeneity. Of four included (3 algorithms), at low risk bias, one was high risk. The consistently improved T2D BP Genetics showed lowest performance studies. Logistic regression (n = 2 studies) random forest 1) studies, while XGBoost study. One study with missing variations selection across hindered comprehensive comparison importance. Our review emphasizes potential improvement approach. However, further diverse optimized on single-modal, paired-modal, models are needed gain insights into biomarker

Language: Английский

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Preterm Birth and Cardiometabolic Health Trajectories From Birth to Adulthood: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children

Journal of the American Heart Association, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Background Adults who were born prematurely (<37 weeks’ gestation) are at increased cardiovascular disease risk, but it is unclear when in the life course this risk emerges. Our aim was to compare trajectories of multiple cardiometabolic factors from childhood early adulthood between those had and not been preterm. Methods Results Multilevel models used (<9 years) age 25 years body mass index, fat lean mass, systolic diastolic blood pressure, lipids, glucose, insulin, individuals preterm (N=311–676; range, 25–36 term (N=4973–10 534) a UK birth cohort study. We also investigated gestational as continuum. In children (versus term), pressures higher 7 (mean predicted differences, 0.7 [95% CI, −0.2 1.6] mm Hg 0.6 −0.04 1.3] Hg, respectively). By 18 years, difference pressure persisted (1.9 0.8–3.1] Hg) (0.1 −0.7 1.0 Hg]) disappeared. began attenuate towards null (0.9 −0.5 2.3] Hg). Participants term) lower index ages by there no difference. Fat consistent with index. High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol triglycerides birth, preterm, disappeared years. There evidence differences glucose insulin. Conclusions Few, modest health found versus term. All except small pressure. Longer follow‐up needed establish if diverge these 2 groups.

Language: Английский

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Association of Perinatal Factors and Family Sociodemographic Characteristics With Cardiometabolic Health in Pre‐Adolescence: Cross‐Sectional Results From Healthy Growth Study

Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

ABSTRACT Aim Study the influence of a variety perinatal factors on presence metabolic syndrome and its parameters in prepubertal age, considering socio‐demographic factors, sex, Tanner stage weight status preadolescent. Methods Data collected from cross‐sectional Healthy Growth (2007) students four prefectures Greece their families. Cardiometabolic risk (waist circumference, blood pressure indices) data (from parents health records) were collected. Single multiple logistic regression performed to assess associations with cardiometabolic preadolescence. Dependent variables included waist glucose, HDL‐C, TG, presence, while independent encompassed categorised as pre‐pregnancy, during post‐pregnancy. Results 2666 pre‐adolescents (mean age 11.2 year) participated study. After adjustment for parental educational level, family income, category, maternal pre‐pregnancy was positively associated high circumference (OR, 95% CI 1.02 (1.00–1.04)), low HDL‐C levels 1.01 (1.00–1.03)) (1.00–1.05)). Timing solid foods' introduction 1.09 (1.01–1.08)), gestational glucose 1.12 (1.04–1.19)), smoking 1.07 (1.00–1.14)) alcohol consumption 2.35 (1.05–5.27)) first trimester breastfeeding levels, respectively. Number previous miscarriages 1.28 (1.04–1.57)). Gestational negatively 0.87 (0.80–0.95)) iron supplementation third pregnancy association TG 0.34 (0.12–0.91)). Conclusions Maternal weight, behaviours, infant feeding pre‐pubertal health, sociodemographics, weight.

Language: Английский

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The link between preterm birth and long-term cardiovascular risk: mechanisms, evidence, and vulnerable populations: a review

Published: April 22, 2025

Preterm birth, defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation, represents a global health concern linked to substantial cardiovascular risk later in life. Individuals born preterm, especially at earlier gestational ages, exhibit increased rates hypertension, heart failure, and ischemic disease. The underlying mechanisms include disrupted fetal programming, impaired vascular remodeling, chronic neonatal inflammation, neuroendocrine immaturity, epigenetic alterations. This review synthesizes current epidemiological evidence from large cohort studies meta-analyses, integrating mechanistic insights developmental biology. We discuss distinct prematurity categories—extremely preterm (< 28 weeks), very (28–32 moderate late (33–37 weeks)—highlighting their association with graded risk. Recent findings emphasize the role non-transmitted parental genes prenatal environmental toxic metal exposure additional critical factors influencing programming. A total 57 articles, identified through systematic search PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases, were included address these topics comprehensively. Early identification preterm-born individuals high-risk group is essential for targeted screening, prevention, interventions childhood into adulthood. Future leveraging multi-omics approaches will further clarify mechanisms, informing evidence-based guidelines reduce morbidity associated birth.

Language: Английский

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Association of Late Preterm Birth and Size for Gestational Age With Cardiometabolic Risk in Childhood

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(5), P. e2214379 - e2214379

Published: May 27, 2022

Importance

The long-term cardiometabolic consequences of late preterm birth (34-36 weeks' gestation) are not well understood.

Objective

To assess whether and size for gestational age associated with risk (CMR) in childhood.

Design, Setting, Participants

This retrospective cohort study included 1742 children born Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2006, September 30, 2014, followed up until 2019. Data from enrolled Applied Research Group Kids (TARGet Kids!) primary care practice–based research network were linked to administrative health data at ICES (formerly known as the Institute Clinical Evaluative Sciences). Participants excluded if they had conditions affecting growth (eg, failure thrive or cystic fibrosis), any acute chronic (other than asthma high-functioning autism), severe developmental delay, families who unable communicate English.

Exposures

Late birth, a continuous measure, age.

Main Outcomes Measures

outcome was composite CMR score (overall age- sex-standardizedzscore components, including waist circumference, log triglyceride level, glucose systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level). Secondary outcomes individual components. Multivariable linear regression analysis used separately evaluate associations age, ages 3 12 years.

Results

Among 2440 eligible children, (mean [SD] 5.6 [2.2] years; 951 boys [54.6%]) final cohort. Overall, 87 (5.0%) moderately (<34 gestation), 145 (8.3%) 455 (26.1%) early term (37-38 1055 (60.6%) full (≥39 gestation). Compared term, those (adjusted β = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.24-0.75) 0.27; 0.06-0.47) higher scores. Each additional week 0.06 U β; –0.08 –0.03 U) decrease CMR.

Conclusions Relevance

In this study, These results suggest that screening early-life interventions these may prevent outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular Morbidities in Adults Born Preterm: Getting to the Heart of the Matter!

Children, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(12), P. 1843 - 1843

Published: Nov. 28, 2022

Advances in perinatal and neonatal care have led to improved survival of preterm infants into adulthood. However, the shift focus long-term health adults born requires a clear understanding impact prematurity on developing organ systems development adult-oriented disease. A less well-recognized area risk for surviving is their cardiometabolic health. Epidemiologic evidence has linked birth systemic hypertension, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, heart failure, ischemic Of more significant concern that disorders higher compared full-term infants. The interconnected nature cardio-pulmonary system means worsening morbidity mortality preterm. Addressing problems holistically would help promote cardiovascular health, wellness, quality life over lifetime. Recognizing are unique subset population challenge current healthcare environment. issues relevant clinically research domain, using technology characterize cardiopulmonary physiology exercise tolerance, screening tools early diagnosis treatment, robust follow-up these with access longitudinal data improve both longevity

Language: Английский

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