bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 28, 2024
ABSTRACT
Plants
recognize
a
variety
of
environmental
molecules,
thereby
triggering
appropriate
responses
to
biotic
or
abiotic
stresses.
Substances
containing
microbes-associated
molecular
patterns
(MAMPs)
and
damage-associated
(DAMPs)
are
representative
inducers
pathogen
resistance
damage
repair,
thus
treatment
healthy
plants
with
such
substances
can
pre-activate
plant
immunity
cell
repair
functions.
In
this
study,
the
effects
DAMP/MAMP
oligosaccharides
mixture
(Oligo-Mix)
derived
from
wall
(cello-oligosaccharide
xylo-oligosaccharide),
fungal
(chitin-oligosaccharide)
were
examined
in
cucumber.
Treatment
cucumber
Oligo-Mix
promoted
root
germination
growth,
along
increased
chlorophyll
contents
leaves.
also
induced
typical
defense
as
MAP
kinase
activation
callose
deposition
Pretreatment
enhanced
disease
leaves
against
pathogenic
fungi
Podosphaera
xanthii
(powdery
mildew)
Colletotrichum
orbiculare
(anthracnose).
induction
hypersensitive
death
around
infection
site
pathogens,
which
inhibited
further
conidial
formation
pathogens
on
RNA-seq
analysis
revealed
that
upregulated
genes
associated
structural
reinforcement,
stresses
defense.
These
results
suggested
has
beneficial
growth
cucumber,
making
it
promising
biostimulant
for
agricultural
application.
The Cell Surface,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11, P. 100124 - 100124
Published: April 4, 2024
Pattern-Triggered
Immunity
(PTI)
in
plants
is
activated
upon
recognition
by
Pattern
Recognition
Receptors
(PRRs)
of
Damage-
and
Microbe-Associated
Molecular
Patterns
(DAMPs
MAMPs)
from
or
microorganisms,
respectively.
An
increasing
number
identified
DAMPs/MAMPs
are
carbohydrates
plant
cell
walls
microbial
extracellular
layers,
which
perceived
PRRs,
such
as
LysM
Leucine
Rich
Repeat-Malectin
(LRR-MAL)
receptor
kinases
(RKs).
LysM-RKs
(e.g.
CERK1,
LYK4
LYK5)
needed
for
fungal
MAMP
chitohexaose
(β-1,4-D-(GlcNAc)6,
CHI6),
whereas
IGP1/CORK1,
IGP3
IGP4
LRR-MAL
RKs
required
perception
β-glucans,
like
cellotriose
(β-1,4-D-(Glc)3,
CEL3)
mixed-linked
glucans.
We
have
explored
the
diversity
Arabidopsis
thaliana
seedlings
determining
PTI
responses
treatment
with
different
oligosaccharides
polysaccharides.
These
analyses
revealed
that
xylans
[β-1,4-D-(xylose)4
(XYL4)],
glucuronoxylans
α-1,4-glucans,
polysaccharides
seaweeds
activate
PTI.
Cross-elicitation
experiments
XYL4
other
glycans
showed
mechanism
DAMP
33-α-L-arabinofuranosyl-xylotetraose
(XA3XX)
shares
some
features
CEL3
but
differs
CHI6.
Notably,
XA3XX
impaired
igp1/cork1,
igp3
igp4
mutants,
almost
not
affected
cerk1
lyk4
lyk5
triple
mutant.
conserved
species
since
pre-treatment
triggers
enhanced
disease
resistance
tomato
to
Pseudomonas
syringae
pv
DC3000
wheat.
results
expand
triggering
immunity
support
relevance
activation.
The
characterization
immune
mechanisms
involved
carbohydrate-based
structures
recognized
further
understand
modulation.
show
here
DAMPs
β-1,4-D-(xylose)4
(XYL4)
(XA3XX),
expanding
function
these
glycan
ChemPlusChem,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
89(5)
Published: Jan. 15, 2024
Mechanical
forces
can
affect
chemical
reactions
in
a
way
that
thermal
cannot
do,
which
may
have
variety
of
applications.
In
biomass
conversion,
the
selective
conversion
cellulose
and
chitin
is
grand
challenge
because
they
are
top
two
most
abundant
resources
recalcitrant
materials
insoluble
common
solvents.
However,
recent
works
clarified
mechanical
enable
depolymerization
these
polysaccharides,
leading
to
production
corresponding
monomers
oligomers.
This
article
reviews
mechanochemical
hydrolysis
chitin,
particularly
focusing
on
scope
mechanisms
show
landscape
this
research
field
future
subjects.
We
introduce
background
mechanochemistry
followed
by
progress
polysaccharides.
Afterwards,
considerable
space
devoted
mechanistic
consideration
reactions.
Physiologia Plantarum,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
176(3)
Published: May 1, 2024
Abstract
Boosting
plant
immunity
by
priming
agents
can
lower
agrochemical
dependency
in
production.
Levan
and
levan‐derived
oligosaccharides
(LOS)
act
as
against
biotic
stress
several
crops.
Additionally,
beneficial
microbes
promote
growth
protect
fungal
diseases.
This
study
assessed
possible
synergistic
effects
caused
levan,
LOS
five
levan‐
LOS‐metabolizing
Bacillaceae
(
Bacillus
Priestia
)
strains
tomato
wheat.
Leaf
seed
defense
assays
were
conducted
non‐soil
(semi‐sterile
substrate)
soil‐based
systems,
focusing
on
tomato‐
Botrytis
cinerea
wheat‐
Magnaporthe
oryzae
Triticum
(MoT)
pathosystems.
In
the
system,
with
(especially
velezensis
GA1),
or
their
combination
significantly
promoted
protection
B.
.
While
no
stimulatory
observed
for
wheat,
disease
protective
also
wheat‐MoT
pathosystem.
When
grown
soil
subjected
to
leaf
priming,
plants
co‐applied
levan
bacterial
showed
increased
resistance
compared
treated
single
strains,
these
some
cases.
For
soil,
more
tolerance
a
non‐fertilized
fertilized
suggesting
that
potential
prebiotic
of
are
prominent
poor
soils.
The
using
combinations
Bacilliaceae
sustainable
agriculture
is
discussed.
Heliyon,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(15), P. e34871 - e34871
Published: July 18, 2024
The
perceived
negative
impacts
of
synthetic
agrochemicals
gave
way
to
alternative,
biological
plant
protection
strategies.
deployment
induced
resistance,
comprising
boosting
the
natural
defense
responses
plants,
is
one
those.
Plants
developed
multi-component
mechanisms
defend
themselves
against
biotic
and
abiotic
stresses.
These
are
activated
upon
recognition
stress
signatures
via
membrane-localized
receptors.
immune
enable
plants
tolerate
limit
impact
A
systemic
cascade
signals
enables
prime
un-damaged
tissues,
which
crucial
during
secondary
encounters
with
stress.
Comparable
tolerance
can
be
in
by
application
carbohydrate
elicitors
such
as
chitin/chitosan,
β-1,3-glucans,
oligogalacturonides,
cellodextrins,
xyloglucans,
alginates,
ulvans,
carrageenans.
Treating
carbohydrate-derived
develop
resistance
appliances
diverse
Some
carbohydrates
also
known
have
been
involved
promoting
symbiotic
signaling.
Here,
we
review
recent
progresses
on
elicitation
effect
various
molecular
cell
perception,
signals,
cascaded
cues.
Besides,
used
distinguish
carbohydrate-induced
immunity
from
discussed.
structure-activity
relationships
described.
Furthermore,
forwarded
future
research
outlooks
that
might
increase
utilization
agriculture
order
improve
efficacy
Annual Review of Plant Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
76(1), P. 255 - 284
Published: May 20, 2025
Plant–pathogen
interactions
have
profound
ecological
implications
and
are
crucial
for
food
security.
Usually
studied
at
the
two
extreme
scales
of
plant
organ
symptomatology
host–microbe
molecules,
they
a
cell–cell
event
mainly
occurring
subcellular
level
apoplast.
Here,
cell
walls
both
organisms
suffer
an
intense
alteration
as
consequence
active
degradation
by
opponent
self-protection
mechanisms
to
survive
continue
growing.
The
wall
modifications
their
role
in
defense
danger
signals
activators
signaling
cascades
been
few
decades,
plane.
Still,
much
remains
unknown
about
this
process,
including
cellular
minority
decorations,
proteins,
mechanical
cues.
Comparatively,
microbial
changes
planta
virtually
unexplored.
By
investigating
interface
between
biochemically,
structurally,
mechanically,
we
aim
highlight
dynamic
interplay
these
areas
its
significance
host–invader
interaction.
