Oral streptococci: modulators of health and disease

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Streptococci are primary colonizers of the oral cavity where they ubiquitously present and an integral part commensal biofilm microflora. The role streptococci play in interaction with host is ambivalent. On one hand, function as gatekeepers homeostasis a prerequisite for maintenance health - shape microbiota, modulate immune system to enable bacterial survival, antagonize pathogenic species. other also recognized pathogens, such Streptococcus mutans sobrinus , which trigger onset dental caries belong genus . In context periodontitis, excellent initial formers have accessory function, enabling late inhabit gingival pockets cause disease. potential fully unfolds when their dissemination into bloodstream occurs; streptococcal infection can extra-oral diseases, infective endocarditis hemorrhagic stroke. this review, taxonomic diversity streptococci, prevalence contribution disease will be discussed, focusing on virulence factors these species employ interactions at interface.

Language: Английский

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Neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps in oral health and disease

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 56(5), P. 1055 - 1065

Published: May 1, 2024

Neutrophils perform essential functions in antimicrobial defense and tissue maintenance at mucosal barriers. However, a dysregulated neutrophil response and, particular, the excessive release of extracellular traps (NETs) are implicated pathology various diseases. In this review, we provide an overview basic concepts related to functions, including NET formation, discuss mechanisms associated with activation function context prevalent oral disease periodontitis.

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticles in Periodontitis Therapy: A Review of the Current Situation

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 19, P. 6857 - 6893

Published: July 1, 2024

Periodontitis is a disease of inflammation that affects the tissues supporting periodontium. It triggered by an immunological reaction gums to plaque, which leads destruction periodontal attachment structures. one most commonly recognized dental disorders in world and major factor loss adult teeth. Scaling root planing remain crucial for managing patients with persistent periodontitis. Nevertheless, exclusive reliance on mechanical interventions like surgery, extractions, planning insufficient halt progression In response problem bacterial resistance, some researchers are committed finding alternative therapies antibiotics. addition, scholars focus new materials provide powerful microenvironment tissue regeneration promote osteogenic repair. Nanoparticles possess distinct therapeutic qualities, including exceptional antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties, immunomodulatory capacities, promotion bone ability, made them can be used treatment However, there many problems limit clinical translation nanoparticles, such as toxic accumulation cells, poor correlation between vitro vivo, animal-to-human transmissibility. this paper, we review present researches nanoparticles periodontitis from perspective three main categories: inorganic organic nanocomposites (including nanofibers, hydrogels, membranes). The aim comprehensive recent update nanoparticles-based conclusion section summarizes opportunities challenges design

Language: Английский

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Genetic associations between circulating immune cells and periodontitis highlight the prospect of systemic immunoregulation in periodontal care

eLife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 27, 2024

Periodontitis drives irreversible destruction of periodontal tissue and is prone to exacerbating inflammatory disorders. Systemic immunomodulatory management continues be an attractive approach in care, particularly within the context ‘predictive, preventive, personalized’ periodontics. The present study incorporated genetic proxies identified through genome-wide association studies for circulating immune cells periodontitis into a comprehensive Mendelian randomization (MR) framework. Univariable MR, multivariable subgroup analysis, reverse Bayesian model averaging (MR-BMA) were utilized investigate causal relationships. Furthermore, transcriptome-wide colocalization analysis deployed pinpoint underlying genes. Consequently, MR indicated between neutrophils, natural killer T cells, plasmacytoid dendritic elevated risk periodontitis. MR-BMA revealed that neutrophils primary contributors high-confidence genes S100A9 S100A12 , located on 1q21.3, could potentially serve as targets neutrophil-mediated These findings hold promise early diagnosis, assessment, targeted prevention, personalized treatment Considering marginal observed our study, further research required comprehend biological underpinnings ascertain clinical relevance thoroughly.

Language: Английский

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The intriguing strategies of Tannerella forsythia's host interaction

Frontiers in Oral Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: May 30, 2024

Tannerella forsythia , a member of the “red complex” bacteria implicated in severe periodontitis, employs various survival strategies and virulence factors to interact with host. It thrives as late colonizer oral biofilm, relying on its unique adaptation mechanisms for persistence. Essential are type 9 protein secretion system O -glycosylation proteins, crucial host interaction immune evasion. Virulence T. including sialidase proteases, facilitate pathogenicity by degrading glycoproteins respectively. Moreover, cell surface like S-layer BspA modulate responses bacterial adherence, influencing colonization tissue invasion. Outer membrane vesicles lipopolysaccharides further induce inflammatory responses, contributing periodontal destruction. Interactions specific types, epithelial cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes macrophages, mesenchymal stromal highlight multifaceted nature forsythia's pathogenicity. Notably, it can invade cells impair PMN function, promoting dysregulated inflammation survival. Comparative studies periodontitis-associated Porphyromonas gingivalis reveal differences protease activity modulation, suggesting distinct roles disease progression. potential influence antimicrobial defense through protease-mediated degradation interactions other underscores significance pathogenesis. However, understanding precise role host-microbiome classification keystone pathogen requires investigation. Challenges translating research data stem from complexity microbiome biofilm dynamics, necessitating comprehensive elucidate clinical relevance therapeutic implications periodontitis management.

Language: Английский

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Inflammation indices in association with periodontitis and cancer

Periodontology 2000, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Abstract Inflammation is a complex physiological process that plays pivotal role in many if not all pathological conditions, including infectious as well inflammatory diseases, like periodontitis and autoimmune disorders. Inflammatory response to periodontal biofilms tissue destruction associated with the release of mediators. Chronic inflammation can promote development cancer. Persistence mediators crucial this process. Quantification monitoring severity relation cancer essential. Periodontitis mainly quantified based on extent attachment loss and/or pocket probing depth, addition bleeding probing. In recent years, studies started investigate indices association diseases. To date, only few reviews have been published focusing relationship between blood cell count, indices, periodontitis. This review presents comprehensive overview different systemic their methods measurement, clinical applications outlines basis underlying cellular molecular mechanisms parameters described. Key are commonly utilized periodontology such neutrophil lymphocyte ratio. platelet ratio, distribution width, plateletcrit, red monocyte delta index, immune index also used hospital settings will be discussed. The roles limitations, diseases treatment

Language: Английский

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Salicin alleviates periodontitis via Tas2r143/gustducin signaling in fibroblasts

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 28, 2024

Introduction Cells expressing taste signaling elements in non-gustatory tissues have been described as solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) or tuft cells. These “taste-like” play a critical role the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Although expression SCC markers and constituents has identified mouse gingivae, their periodontal homeostasis is still unclear. Methods Public RNA sequencing datasets were re-analyzed further validated with RT-PCR/qRT-PCR immunofluorescent staining to explore TAS2Rs downstream gingival fibroblasts (MGFs). The specific action salicin on MGFs via Tas2r143 was silence, heterologous receptor/Gα-gustducin calcium imaging. anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-induced investigated cell cultures, ligature-induced periodontitis model using Ga-gustducin-null (Gnat3 −/− ) mice. Results Tas2r143, Gnat3, Plcb2, TrpM5 detected MGFs. Moreover, could activate elicited thus inhibited chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5) Consistently, salicin-treatment bone loss, inflammatory/chemotactic factors expression, neutrophil infiltration mice, while these abolished Gnat3 Discussion Gingival “SCC-like” activity. Salicin can Tas2r143-mediated bitter alleviate mouse, indicating promising approach resolution inflammation stimulating function fibroblasts.

Language: Английский

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Wound Modulations in Glaucoma Surgery: A Systematic Review

Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(5), P. 446 - 446

Published: April 30, 2024

Excessive fibrosis and resultant poor control of intraocular pressure (IOP) reduce the efficacy glaucoma surgeries. Historically, corticosteroids anti-fibrotic agents, such as mitomycin C (MMC) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), have been used to mitigate post-surgical fibrosis, but these unpredictable outcomes. Therefore, there is a need develop novel treatments which provide increased effectiveness specificity. This review aims insight into pathophysiology behind wound healing in surgery, well current promising future agents that are less toxic may better IOP control.

Language: Английский

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The efferocytosis dilemma: how neutrophil extracellular traps and PI3K/Rac1 complicate diabetic wound healing

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Abstract Aims/hypothesis The resolution of apoptotic cells (ACs) is crucial for wound healing and tissue remodeling often impaired by persistent inflammation. This study aimed to elucidate the impact neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) on diabetic targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (PI3K/Rac1) signaling pathway, which pivotal macrophage efferocytosis. Methods A streptozotocin-induced mouse model was used assess NETs efferocytosis in vivo. effects were evaluated using specific inhibitors agonists PI3K/Rac1 pathway. In vitro, macrophages from wounds or cell lines (Raw264.7) treated with a panel pharmacological agents pathway evaluate Results found inhibit efferocytosis, resulting delayed clearance ACs that accumulate within wounds. Inhibition NET formation mice rescued accompanied reactivation PI3K Rac1 macrophages. Moreover, restored NETs-induced impairment leading rapid healing. Raw264.7 exhibited elevated activation levels when co-cultured vitro. Nevertheless, this inhibited cultured NETs-conditioned medium, attenuated Conclusions/interpretation Targeting emerges as potential therapeutic strategy enhance promoting

Language: Английский

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The emerging role of neutrophil extracellular traps in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases

MedComm, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are unique fibrous structures released by neutrophils in response to various pathogens, exhibiting both anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory effects. In autoimmune conditions, NETs serve as crucial self-antigens triggering inflammatory cascades activating the inflammasome complement systems, disrupting self-tolerance mechanisms accelerating responses. Furthermore, play a pivotal role modulating immune cell activation, affecting adaptive This review outlines intricate relationship between diseases, including arthritis, systemic Behçet's disease, lupus erythematosus, kidney skin sclerosis, vasculitis, gouty arthritis. It highlights potential of targeting therapeutic strategy diseases. By examining dynamic balance NET formation clearance this offers critical insights theoretical foundation for future research on NET-related mechanisms. Advances systems biology, flow cytometry, single-cell multiomics sequencing have provided valuable tools exploring molecular NETs. These advancements renewed focus offering promising avenues further investigation into their clinical implications.

Language: Английский

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