Training Session Models in Endurance Sports: A Norwegian Perspective on Best Practice Recommendations
Sports Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
54(11), P. 2935 - 2953
Published: July 16, 2024
Abstract
Background
Our
scientific
understanding
of
the
mechanistic
and
practical
connections
between
training
session
prescriptions,
their
execution
by
athletes,
adaptations
over
time
in
elite
endurance
sports
remains
limited.
These
are
fundamental
to
art
science
coaching.
Objective
By
using
successful
Norwegian
coaches
as
key
informants,
aim
this
study
is
describe
compare
best
practice
models
across
different
exercise
intensities
Olympic
sports.
Methods
Data
collection
was
based
on
a
four-step
pragmatic
qualitative
design,
involving
questionnaires,
logs
from
in-depth
semi-structured
interviews,
followed
negotiation
among
researchers
assure
our
interpretations.
Twelve
experienced
male
biathlon,
cross-country
skiing,
long-distance
running,
road
cycling,
rowing,
speed
skating,
swimming,
triathlon
were
chosen
informants.
They
had
been
responsible
for
world-class
athletes
who
altogether
have
won
>
370
medals
international
championships.
Results
The
duration
low-intensity
(LIT)
sessions
ranges
30
min
7
h
sports,
mainly
due
modality-specific
constraints
load
tolerance
considerations.
Cross-training
accounts
considerable
part
LIT
several
Moderate
(MIT)-
high-intensity
(HIT)
conducted
intervals
specific
modalities,
but
competitions
also
account
large
proportion
annual
HIT
most
Interval
characterized
high
accumulated
volume,
progressive
increase
intensity
throughout
session,
controlled,
rather
than
exhaustive,
approach.
A
clear
trend
towards
shorter
lower
work:
rest
ratio
with
increasing
observed.
Overall,
analyzed
implement
considerably
more
MIT
cycle.
Conclusions
This
provides
novel
insights
quantitative
aspects
employed
interval
revealed
generally
voluminous,
less
exhaustive
previous
recommendations
outlined
research
literature.
Language: Английский
Best-Practice Training Characteristics Within Olympic Endurance Sports as Described by Norwegian World-Class Coaches
Sports Medicine - Open,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: April 25, 2025
Language: Английский
Coach’s self-efficacy and athlete’s perceived training effectiveness: Specific context of WMSU sports development program
Environment and Social Psychology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
9(11)
Published: Jan. 6, 2025
Sports
development
programs
are
essential
in
promoting
physical,
mental,
and
social
growth
among
individuals,
especially
students
young
athletes.
The
offer
organized
avenues
for
individuals
to
enhance
their
athletic
abilities,
increase
fitness
standards,
cultivate
qualities
such
as
discipline,
teamwork,
resilience.
This
mixed-method
paper
analyzed
the
self-efficacy
of
sports
coaches
from
Western
Mindanao
State
University
(WMSU)
terms
competence,
management,
selection.
Perceptions
were
used
evaluate
efficacy
these
constructs.
Interview
transcripts
provided
in-depth
perspectives
about
challenges
that
experience,
which
impacted
overall
implementation
program.
Findings
indicated
at
WMSU
exhibited
high
levels
selection
processes—which
student
athletes
confirm.
Coaches
believed
they
capable
successfully
training
athletes,
managing
programs,
selecting
new
talents.
belief
abilities
positively
affected
trained,
contributing
success
However,
despite
self-efficacy,
student-athletes
faced
challenges,
inadequate
facilities,
limited
funding,
insufficient
institutional
support.
These
external
factors,
impeded
full
effectiveness
program,
leading
both
view
certain
aspects
program's
management
processes
less
effective.
Addressing
hindrance
stressors,
particularly
through
increased
financial
support
upgraded
could
significantly
improve
impact
WMSU's
Language: Английский
Training Characteristics, Performance, and Body Composition of Three U23 Elite Female Triathletes throughout a Season
Sports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(2), P. 53 - 53
Published: Feb. 7, 2024
(1)
Background:
There
is
a
lack
of
data
on
the
long-term
training
characteristics
and
performance
markers
elite
young
female
endurance
athletes.
The
aim
this
study
was
to
present
load
(ECOs),
as
well
evolution
anthropometric
values
three
U23
triathletes
over
season.
(2)
Methods:
General
relating
swimming,
cycling,
running
legs
2021
season
were
described.
intensity
distribution
(TID)
presented
using
triphasic
model,
while
based
ECO
model.
An
analysis
also
conducted
in
accordance
with
ISAK
standards.
(3)
Results:
Triathletes
increased
their
VO2max
cycling
(6.9–10%)
(7.1–9.1%),
power
speed
associated
(7.7–8.6%
5.1–5.3%
running)
swimming
lactate
thresholds
(2.6–4.0%
LT2
1.2–2.5%
LT1).
completed
more
than
10
h
weekly
average
time,
peak
weeks
exceeding
15
h.
TID
82%
phase
1,
6%
2,
12%
3.
A
decrease
sum
skinfolds
fat
mass
percentage
observed
during
triathletes,
although
last
measurement
revealed
stagnation
or
slight
rise
these
parameters.
(4)
Conclusions:
performed
combination
two
periodization
models
(traditional
block
periodization)
polarized
most
Improvements
physiological
parameters
after
general
preparatory
period
positive
body
composition
throughout
season,
except
at
end,
where
decline.
This
can
be
useful
guide
for
coaches
organize
triathletes.
Language: Английский
Does Pool Performance of Elite Triathletes Predict Open-Water Performance?
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(4), P. 165 - 165
Published: Dec. 6, 2023
The
capacity
of
laboratory
tests
to
predict
competition
performance
has
been
broadly
researched
across
several
endurance
sports.
aim
the
present
study
was
analyse
how
pool
swimming
can
result
segment
in
triathlon
competitions
and
compare
predictability
differences
based
on
level
distance.
Eighteen
male
triathletes
participated
study.
Three
were
ranked
world-class,
ten
elite/international
level,
five
highly
trained/national
level.
A
total
sixty-one
graded
multi-stage
conducted.
Blood
lactate
measured
calculate
following
hypothetical
predictor
variables:
speed
at
threshold
1
(LT1),
2
(LT2),
last
repetition
test
(SL200).
data
collected
for
a
75
races:
time
leg
(TSL);
position
after
(PSL);
difference
with
first
triathlete
(DFT);
final
race
position.
levels
divided
according
participant
as
follows:
world
series
(WS)
(n
=
22);
World
Cup
(WC)
Continental
(CC)
19);
national
championship
(N)
5);
local
(L)
5).
Based
distance,
they
into
Olympic
distance
(OD)
37)
sprint
(SD)
38).
moderate
strong
positive
association
found
between
LT1,
LT2,
SL200
PSL
TSl
all
except
SD
CC,
WC,
OD
CC
races,
where
no
or
weak-to-moderate
correlations
found.
demonstrated
that
segment.
This
finding
is
useful
coaches
it
help
them
obtain
reliable
measure
triathlete’s
specific
capabilities
leg.
Language: Английский
Standard distance triathlon: Examining participation and success, predictive performance insights and environmental effects
A. Boyce Gibson
No information about this author
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
This
thesis
examined
the
elite
standard
distance
triathlon,
focusing
on
participation,
race
performance
and
impact
of
environmental
temperatures.
The
first
study
analysed
data
from
1986
to
2022,
revealing
increasing
female
a
median
winning
age
26
years
old
with
most
athletes
having
short
careers.
Study
two
used
statistical
modeling
predict
podium
finishes,
highlighting
importance
cycling
over
swimming.
While
3
assessed
effects
water
air
temperatures
segments,
finding
cold
was
negatively
associated
swimming,
no
evidence
temperature
times,
while
running
warmer
Language: Английский
Applying a Holistic Injury Prevention Approach to Elite Triathletes
Sports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(8), P. 225 - 225
Published: Aug. 19, 2024
(1)
Background:
Studies
on
injury
prevention
programs
are
lacking
for
triathletes.
The
aim
of
the
present
study
was
to
describe
results
a
holistic
(injury)
training
program
(HITP),
based
load
control
and
strength
training,
in
elite
(2)
Methods:
conducted
over
2021-2023
involved
18
males
10
females
from
same
group.
HITP
itself
included
various
methods
fatigue
monitoring,
focused
overuse
injuries
(OIs),
cycling
skills
recovery
strategies.
total
number
type
that
were
sustained,
subsequent
training/competition
absence
time,
incidence
determined.
(3)
Results:
Twenty-four
recorded
all
three
seasons,
i.e.,
0.65
per
1000
h
competition
exposure.
Fourteen
traumatic
(TIs)
ten
OIs.
Of
OIs,
four
minimal
severity,
two
mild,
moderate,
one
severe
(accounting
1-3,
4-7,
8-28,
>28
days
absenteeism,
respectively).
A
46.4%
participants
did
not
any
71,4%
incur
Average
absenteeism
17.3
injury.
(4)
Conclusions:
design
implementation
resulted
low
OI
incidence.
Due
their
unpredictable
nature,
TIs
reduced.
suffered
more
frequently
by
men.
Women
likely
suffer
so
it
is
particularly
important
prevent
OIs
women.
Language: Английский
Exercise intensity measurement using fractal analysis of heart rate variability: Reliability, agreement and influence of sex and cardiorespiratory fitness
Journal of Sports Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
42(21), P. 2012 - 2020
Published: Nov. 1, 2024
The
study
aimed
to
establish
the
test-retest
reliability
of
detrended
fluctuation
analysis
heart
rate
variability
(DFA-α1)
based
exercise
intensity
thresholds,
assess
its
agreement
with
ventilatory-
and
lactate-derived
thresholds
moderating
effect
sex
cardiorespiratory
fitness
(CRF)
on
agreement.
Intensity
for
thirty-seven
participants
(17
females)
blood
lactate
(LT
Language: Английский
Triathlon performance: Physiological and training strategies from super sprint to long distance events
Fizicko vaspitanje i sport kroz vekove,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(2), P. 87 - 93
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Triathlon
is
an
endurance
sport
that
combines
swimming,
cycling,
and
running
across
varied
race
distances,
each
imposing
unique
physiological
tactical
demands.
This
article
examines
the
distinct
demands
of
triathlon
formats
offers
insights
into
optimized
training
periodization
strategies
for
different
from
super-sprint
to
long
distance.
Key
determinants
such
as
VO₂max,
lactate
threshold,
efficiency,
durability
play
critical
roles
in
performance,
with
relative
importance
factor
varying
by
Shorter
races
necessitate
highintensity
work
quick
bursts
anaerobic
power,
while
longer
events
rely
heavily
on
aerobic
efficiency
maintain
performance
over
time.
The
contrasts
traditional
block
methods,
emphasizing
advantages
short-distance
athletes.
Additionally,
intensity
distribution
models,
pyramidal
polarized,
are
explored,
highlighting
their
applications
both
shortand
long-distance
needs.
Finally,
season
scheduling
competition
preparation
discussed,
including
significance
tapering
peak
performance.
Together,
these
provide
a
framework
structuring
effective
schedules
tailored
distances.
Language: Английский