Epidemiological Transitions in Influenza Dynamics in the United States: Insights from Recent Pandemic Challenges

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 469 - 469

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has reshaped the epidemiological landscape of respiratory diseases, with profound implications for seasonal influenza. Nonpharmaceutical interventions implemented globally during significantly altered human behavior and reduced prevalence pathogens, including However, post-pandemic resurgence influenza activity to pre-pandemic levels highlights persistent challenges posed by this virus. During 2023–2024 season in United States, an estimated 40 million individuals contracted influenza, resulting 470,000 hospitalizations 28,000 deaths, elderly disproportionately affected. Pediatric mortality was also notable, 724 deaths reported among children. This study examines trends incidence, vaccination rates, States from 2018–2019 through seasons. Additionally, it evaluates interplay between pandemic, considering impact disrupted air travel, public health measures, virus circulation dynamics. By integrating these insights, underscores critical need sustained campaigns innovative strategies mitigate dual burden diseases. Findings analysis highlight urgency strengthening prevention surveillance systems enhance preparedness reduce pathogens evolving landscape.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection in Bahia, Brazil: A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post-Pandemic Trends

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 389 - 389

Published: March 9, 2025

In recent years, the incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) has increased due to emergence SARS-CoV-2. However, impact COVID-19 pandemic extends beyond mortality rates. Recent analyses suggest that introduction and spread SARS-CoV-2 have significantly affected epidemiology other key respiratory viruses, such as influenza virus (FLUV), syncytial (RSV), rhinovirus (RV). These changes raise new questions about dynamics post-COVID-19 infections, well potential alterations in symptom profiles clinical outcomes. this study, we analyzed data from Epidemiological Surveillance Information System Viral Agents (SIVEP-Gripe), established by Brazilian Ministry Health, examine profile SARI before during Brazil. Our reveal a distinct epidemiological pattern, with significant decrease FLUV notifications pandemic, accompanied peaks RSV RV cases late 2020. Additionally, there was shift age distribution viral individuals infected being older than those pandemic. Interestingly, Bahia State resulted reduction frequency symptoms associated non-SARS-CoV-2 SARI, without altering findings circulation contributed shift, particularly for FLUV, RSV, marked fever, dyspnea, distress, need ventilatory support. The underlying mechanisms driving these remain unclear. insights are crucial public health authorities policymakers refine surveillance strategies enhance control measures causing SARI.

Language: Английский

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Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens in Changchun, Jilin Province, China, following the pandemic

International Journal of Environmental Health Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 10

Published: April 2, 2025

This study investigates the changes in epidemiological patterns of six common respiratory pathogens Changchun City, Jilin Province, following pandemic. Nucleic acid detection using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed on collected samples. Results showed that human rhinovirus (23.18%) and influenza A virus (22.88%) were most single-virus infections. The combination Mycoplasma pneumoniae adenovirus accounted for 18.57% mixed Gender distribution revealed slightly higher rate females (49.81%) than males (44.41%), though difference not statistically significant. Age-stratified analysis children ≤ 14 years had highest infection rates (22.22%). Among 15-17-year-olds, prevalent (26.23%). In adults, (22.47%) (24.54%) dominant pathogens, while elderly (≥60), (36.54%) syncytial (25%) leading causes infection. Seasonal indicated autumn winter peak seasons infections, with pneumoniae, virus, returning to pre-pandemic patterns. Human exhibited year-round circulation. These findings offer important insights into shifting epidemiology post-pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Seasonal Shifts in Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Other Respiratory Viruses After the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Eight-Year Retrospective Study in Jalisco, Mexico

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 1892 - 1892

Published: Dec. 8, 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic profoundly disrupted the epidemiology of respiratory viruses, driven primarily by widespread non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as social distancing and masking. This eight-year retrospective study examines seasonal patterns incidence influenza virus, syncytial virus (RSV), other viruses across pre-pandemic, pandemic, post-pandemic phases in Jalisco, Mexico. Weekly case counts were analyzed using an interrupted time series (ITS) model, segmenting timeline into these three distinct phases. Significant reductions circulation observed during followed atypical resurgences NPIs relaxed. Influenza displayed alternating subtype dominance, with A H3 prevailing 2022, B surging 2023, H1N1 increasing thereafter, reflecting potential immunity gaps. RSV activity was marked earlier onset higher intensity post-pandemic. Other including human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/HEV) parainfluenza (HPIV), showed altered dynamics, some failing to return pre-pandemic seasonality. These findings underscore need for adaptive surveillance systems vaccination strategies address evolving viral patterns. Future research should investigate long-term public health implications, focusing on vaccination, clinical outcomes, healthcare preparedness.

Language: Английский

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