Plant adaptation to climate change—Where are we?

Journal of Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 58(5), P. 533 - 545

Published: June 18, 2020

Abstract Climate change poses critical challenges for population persistence in natural communities, agriculture and environmental sustainability, food security. In this review, we discuss recent progress climatic adaptation plants. We evaluate whether climate exerts novel selection disrupts local adaptation, gene flow can facilitate adaptive responses to change, phenotypic plasticity could sustain populations the short term. Furthermore, how influences species interactions. Through a more in‐depth understanding of these eco‐evolutionary dynamics, will increase our capacity predict potential plants under change. addition, review studies that dissect genetic basis plant Finally, highlight key research gaps, ranging from validating function elucidating molecular mechanisms, expanding systems model other species, testing fitness consequences alleles environments, designing multifactorial closely reflect complex interactive effects multiple factors. By leveraging interdisciplinary tools (e.g., cutting‐edge omics toolkits, ecological strategies, newly developed genome editing technology), researchers accurately probability persist through rapid intense period as well cultivate crops withstand conserve biodiversity systems.

Language: Английский

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The strength and pattern of natural selection on gene expression in rice

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 578(7796), P. 572 - 576

Published: Feb. 12, 2020

Language: Английский

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Advances in optical phenotyping of cereal crops

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(2), P. 191 - 208

Published: Aug. 17, 2021

Language: Английский

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Advancing crop genomics from lab to field

Nature Genetics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 595 - 601

Published: May 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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A cross‐scale approach to unravel the molecular basis of plant phenology in temperate and tropical climates

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 233(6), P. 2340 - 2353

Published: Dec. 4, 2021

Plants have evolved to time their leafing, flowering and fruiting in appropriate seasons for growth, reproduction resting. As a consequence of adaptation geographically different environments, there is rich diversity plant phenology from temperate tropical climates. Recent progress genetic molecular studies will provide numerous opportunities study the basis phenological traits history seasonal aseasonal environments. Integrating data with long-term climate into predictive models be powerful tool forecast future changes face global environmental change. Here, we review cross-scale approach genes communities three aspects: latitudinal gradient at community level, factors underlying phenology, an integrated based on genetically informed knowledge. Synthesizing latest knowledge about molecular, ecological mathematical perspectives help us understand how natural selection can lead further evolution gene regulatory mechanisms forest ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Transcription Profiles of Age-at-Maturity-Associated Genes Suggest Cell Fate Commitment Regulation as a Key Factor in the Atlantic Salmon Maturation Process

G3 Genes Genomes Genetics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 235 - 246

Published: Nov. 19, 2019

Despite recent taxonomic diversification in studies linking genotype with phenotype, follow-up aimed at understanding the molecular processes of such genotype-phenotype associations remain rare. The age which an individual reaches sexual maturity is important fitness trait many wild species. However, mechanisms regulating maturation timing obscure. A genome-wide association study Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) identified large-effect age-at-maturity-associated chromosomal regions including genes vgll3, akap11 and six6, have roles adipogenesis, spermatogenesis hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, respectively. Here, we determine expression patterns these during development their potential partners pathways. Using Nanostring transcription profiling technology, show development- tissue-specific mRNA for six6 Correlated levels vgll3 akap11, adjacent location, suggests they may shared regulation. Further, correlating arhgap6 yap1, lats1 yap1 that Vgll3 Akap11 take part actin cytoskeleton Tissue-specific results indicate paralogs sex-dependent gonads. Moreover, slc38a6 rtn1, Hippo signaling Six6 could a broader role HPG neuroendrocrine cell fate commitment regulation, We conclude Vgll3, influence via affecting adipogenesis gametogenesis by axis. These help to unravel general behind maturation.

Language: Английский

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The Evolution of Functional Traits in Plants: Is the Giant Still Sleeping?

International Journal of Plant Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 181(1), P. 1 - 8

Published: Nov. 22, 2019

Previous articleNext article FreeSpecial Issue—Functional Trait EvolutionThe Evolution of Functional Traits in Plants: Is the Giant Still Sleeping?Christina M. Caruso, Chase Mason, and Juliana S. MedeirosChristina Caruso*Department Integrative Biology, University Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada1The order authorship is alphabetical.2Author for correspondence; email: [email protected]. Search more articles by this author , Mason†Department Central Florida, Orlando, 32816 USA Medeiros‡Holden Arboretum, Kirtland, Ohio, 44094 PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailQR Code SectionsMoreIn field plant ecophysiology, term "functional trait" has multiple overlapping definitions (Table 1). However, functional traits are generally considered aspects phenotypes that influence growth, survival, reproduction mediating interactions with biotic abiotic environment; examples include leaf mass per unit area (LMA), which estimates construction cost light interception, photosynthetic capacity (Amax), maximum rate carbon fixation when not limiting. As such, expected evolve response natural selection, intra- interspecific variation often interpreted as being adaptive.Table 1. Examples Definitions Term "Functional Trait"DefinitionReference"Any attribute potentially significant on establishment, fitness."Reich et al. 2003, p. S143"Any trait impacts fitness indirectly via its effects survival."Violle 2007, table 3"Functional morphological, biochemical, physiological, structural, phenological, or behavioral characteristics expressed individual organisms relevant such environment and/or their ecosystem properties."Díaz 2013, box 1View Table ImageOne milestone effort understand evolution plants was publication 2003 a special issue International Journal Plant Sciences. This included papers have been repeatedly cited subsequent studies traits: Reich al.'s (2003) review mechanisms affect spectra Geber Griffen's quantitative meta-analysis selection heritability traits. But introduction issue, guest editors had "tough love" message biologists (Ackerly Monson S1):As students evolutionary ecological physiology, we accept adaptive nature morphological despite little no evidentiary connection between function fitness, hypotheses homology convergence without strong phylogenetic ancestry evolution.Ackerly went identify four barriers integration ecophysiology biology: (1) difficulty measuring traits, (2) lack emphasis process evolve, (3) connecting (4) paucity researchers trained both biology. Despite these barriers, Ackerly were optimistic about prospect integrating biology, referring it "waking sleeping giant."Now 17 years passed since IJPS published, giant awake still sleeping? To answer question, organized new plants. In introduction, first describe progress made over past overcoming Monson's We then consider current state summarizing including how they relate "major traditions" study evolution. Finally, priorities future plants.Progress Overcoming Barriers Integration Ecophysiology Evolutionary BiologyThe Difficulty Measuring TraitsOne challenge can be time-consuming. Because physiology follows circadian rhythms (reviewed McClung 2006) sensitive microenvironmental conditions (e.g., Anderson Gezon 2015), physiological states highly dynamic space time, even within clones same genotype Smith 2011). dynamism means either standardizing measurement making measurements variety necessary robustly characterize (Murchie 2018). addition, considerable time must spent equilibrating environmental prior (Hanson 2016), well training operators distinguish valid from problematic ones (Pérez-Harguindeguy 2013). Consequently, historically difficult accurately measure sufficient number individuals traits.Fortunately, many difficulties overcome. The directly characterized continuous variable temperature ontogeny (i.e., function-valued trait; reviewed Gomulkiewicz Although classic methods time-consuming, rapid techniques developed Stinziano 2017 A–Ci curves; Zhang 2018 xylem embolism vulnerability curves). Alternatively, avoided using less proxies function. anatomical anatomy rather than hydraulic conductivity; Hacke Sperry 2001) spectral data (Yendrek 2017).A Lack Emphasis Process Which EvolveSince focused selection: approaches artificial Delph 2005), resurrection ecology Franks 2018), experimental Collins increasingly used trace across generations. These test For example, Emms (2018) (and ultimately reject) hypothesis drought escape Clarkia unguiculata evolves an indirect consequence obligate self-pollination. also limits Sheth Angert (2016) determine genetic flowering could limit adaptation Mimulus cardinalis at northern range but southern limit. kinds yet common enough draw broader conclusions "rules" provided unique insights into specific systems.The Connecting Variation FitnessSince explicitly estimated relationship among population phenotypic analysis; see Conner Hartl 2004 overview approach). increase evident comparing (Geber Griffen 2003) updated (Caruso 2020): only 10 published gas exchange water-use efficiency (2003), whereas >200 types Caruso (2020). Phenotypic analysis correlated suites Kimball (2013) detected combination (high high growth rate) never observed populations, suggesting genetically constrained. whether evolved selection. Dudley (2012) found increased photosynthesis stronger exilis C. unguiculata, differences species selection.In addition individual-level studies, there level Poorter 2008; Martinez-Vilalta 2010; Visser 2016). Many cross-species guided concept resource availability life history result repeated combinations representing different strategies spectra). spectra, linking patterns allocation, make predictions Donovan predicted mixed results Swenson 2020); some predicts mortality rate, others not.A Researchers Trained Both BiologyTwo lines evidence suggest First, exploded (fig. Since >1300 those papers, half 2015. accelerating suggests next few decades hold great promise our understanding Second, early-career longer perceive divide biology described (2003): Botany 2019 colloquium accompany graduate postdoctoral currently studying aware recent period informed questions Given fewer 20 perhaps most compelling dissolving.Fig. Number publications 25 years. New year Web Science Core Collection (ver. 5.33; Clarivate Analytics, Philadelphia) October 20, 2019, following Boolean language: TS=(plant*) AND TS=(functional NEAR/5 trait*) TS=(evolution). Note 2015 original evolution.View Large ImageDownload PowerPointStudies Traits: Where Are Now?Ackerly recognized major traditions evolution: value developmental basis variation, consequences plasticity, comparative paleobotanical Below place 11 context traditions.The Adaptive Value TraitsAckerly (2003, S1) noted one key limitation "evidentiary fitness." addressed two (Maherali 2020; Petipas 2020), fitness. Maherali (2020) contribution components (survival, reproduction, growth) elasticities) differ association arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. He significantly larger facultatively associated AM fungi nonmycorrhizal obligately link argues responses should imposed environment. root model Panicum virgatum. strength varied depending environment: effect soil microbial community (a factor) tissue density depended nitrogen (an factor). date estimate belowground illustrates factors interact shape traits.In (2020), other 2020) assess tackled apparent contradiction trait-based studies: typically hypothesized empirical find demographic performance weak. argue because analyze mean values, trait-demographic relationships obscured factors. They use tools frameworks ecology, well-established populations. One approaches, analysis, focus eight times all classes animals (Kingsolver 2012), particularly strong. experimentally manipulating factors, supports primarily reflects environment.The Genetic Developmental Basis VariationFor Guilherme Pereira Des Marais advances Using nutrient, stomatal charismatic examples, much what know comes traditional systems Arabidopsis cereal crops. substantial developing identifying emerging systems, woody Populus.While determining Roddy genome size cell size, packing density, vascular species. conclude therefore acts "first-order constraint" acquisition allocation defense.The Consequences PlasticityPlant vary heteroblasty; Zotz 2011) changing plasticity; Nicotra 2010). ignored evolution, rely single point ignoring Mason analyzed growing season genus Cornus. analyses reveal correlations points; seasonal plasticity LMA precipitation, not. demonstrates analyzing caused heteroblasty essential traits.Comparative Paleobotanical Studies EvolutionAckerly limited "strong evolution." (Medeiros Veromann-Jürgenson 2020b), context. Working Rhododendron, Medeiros formal economics stem hydraulics depends phenology architecture. leaf-stem coordination varies clades deciduous vs. evergreen) architecture height). work highlights cross-organ sample extant gymnosperm clades, (2020b) tested net assimilation mesophyll conductance CO2. gymnosperms primary clades. models better predict species' climate change.Comparative develop structure-function (2020a) cuticle thickness fossil gymnosperms. structure broad-leaved scale-leaved needle-leaved) conditions. assuming experienced similar environments. Murray geometry stomata leaves infer leaf-level exchange. rates calculated operational under consistent biomes, habits, habitats. ecophysiological angiosperms contained record.Studies Should Go?The highlight directions advancing 2). below three overarching issues evolution.Table 2. Future Directions Study Identified Special IssueFuture issueArticles further discussionUntangling multitrait species, especially challenging assumptions performance, embracing diversity alternative solutionsMedeiros 2020bUnderstanding beyond well-studied modern mapping overall may constrain permit selectionGuilherme 2020Uncovering true generalities relative role versus selective pressures traitsCaruso 2020Better processes vital define through improved given contextSwenson 2020Digging complexities understudied microbiome extended phenotype mutualisms driving variationPetipas trait-trait relationships, cascades interactions, incorporating approachesPetipas 2020Integrating scales levels, within-individual intraspecific speciesRoddy 2020Determining far extend paleo-proxies deep-time gauging utility predicting vegetation changeMurray 2020aView ImageStudying Mechanisms EvolutionAs move toward increasing critical recognize underlying incorrect. recognition echoes itself, where assumed functions always stood up scrutiny: modeling shows desert cactus spines likely thermoregulation defense thirsty mammals, traditionally speculated (Lewis Nobel 1977; Bowers 1988). Today, come large-scale first, phylogenies hundreds thousands Sage 2011; Zanne 2014; Moray 2016; Wooliver and, second, document biomes along gradients Moles Atkin 2015; 2015). Such excellent sources (Weber Agrawal 2012; Shipley need fine-scale observational DeMalach 2019).Ontology Conceptual FrameworkAlong concepts literature, terminology. terms ill-defined poorly understood, lead confusion. "acclimation" (Willmer 2000), "phenotypic plasticity" (Pigliucci 2001), "adaptation" (Stearns 1986) commonly confused misused literature. problems concerning terminology certainly meaning conceptual "constraint" "trade-off" long debated Stearns 1986; Schwenk 1995; Roff Fairbairn 2007; Kalisz Kramer 2008). writ large ontology development Vihinen 2014, 2015) improve communication fields strengthen theoretical providing platform debate framing.The would benefit clarifying distinction water potential energy plant, while controlling structure, vapor pressure deficit, solute uptake (Nobel 2009). applies virtually flux-related water, dioxide, light, nutrient fluxes. problem confounding discussed extensively (clinical psychology [e.g., Fajkowska Kreitler 2018] human [Hellhammer 2007]) important exhibit (Wang 2014).Systems BiologyOne promising approach research integrated levels biological organization (Keurentjes date, largely restricted well-developed thaliana Wilczek tell us A. thaliana, C3 annual herbaceous cannot (Chang 2016) change (Bradshaw 2000). applying nonmodel Richards 2009; Zaidem 2019), opportunities traits.ConclusionsOverall, sends clear ecophysiology: awake. hope like will i

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary systems biology reveals patterns of rice adaptation to drought-prone agro-ecosystems

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 34(2), P. 759 - 783

Published: Nov. 5, 2021

Rice (Oryza sativa) was domesticated around 10,000 years ago and has developed into a staple for half of humanity. The crop evolved is currently grown in stably wet intermittently dry agro-ecosystems, but patterns adaptation to differences water availability remain poorly understood. While previous field studies have evaluated plant developmental adaptations deficit, adaptive variation functional hydraulic components, particularly relation gene expression, received less attention. Here, we take an evolutionary systems biology approach characterize drought resistance traits across roots shoots. We find that rice harbors heritable molecular, physiological, morphological linked higher fitness under drought. identify modules co-expressed genes are associated with avoidance tolerance mechanisms. These expression showed evidence polygenic subgroups harboring accessions drought-prone agro-ecosystems. Fitness-linked allowed us the drought-adaptive nature optimizing photosynthesis interactions arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Taken together, our study provides unprecedented, integrative view water-limited conditions.

Language: Английский

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Studying the genetic basis of masting

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 376(1839)

Published: Oct. 17, 2021

The mechanisms underlying mast seeding have traditionally been studied by collecting long-term observational data on seed crops and correlating seedfall with environmental variables. Significant progress in ecological genomics will improve our understanding of the evolution masting clarifying genetic basis traits role natural selection shaping those traits. Here, we summarize three important aspects studying at level: which govern masting, whether are genetically regulated, taxa show wide variation these We then introduce recent studies molecular masting. Those measure seasonal changes gene expression conditions to quantify how multiple factors combine regulate floral initiation, many plant species is single largest contributor among-year crops. that Fagaceae offers exceptional opportunities for evolutionary investigations because its diversity both phenotypic levels existing documented genome sequences. This article part theme issue 'The ecology synchronized production plants'.

Language: Английский

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Fillable and unfillable gaps in plant transcriptome under field and controlled environments

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 45(8), P. 2410 - 2427

Published: May 25, 2022

The differences between plants grown in field and controlled environments have long been recognized. However, few studies addressed the underlying molecular mechanisms. To evaluate plant responses to fluctuating using laboratory equipment, we developed SmartGC, a high-performance growth chamber that reproduces irradiance, temperature humidity of environments. We analysed massive transcriptome data rice under SmartGC conditions clarify Rice dynamics mimicked those field, particularly during morning evening but conventional did not. Further analysis revealed fluctuation irradiance affects evening, while only morning. found upregulation genes related biotic abiotic stress, their expression was affected by environmental factors cannot be SmartGC. Our results reveal fillable unfillable gaps transcriptomes can accelerate understanding for both basic biology agricultural applications.

Language: Английский

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