Small family, big impact: RNL helper NLRs and their importance in plant innate immunity

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. e1011315 - e1011315

Published: April 20, 2023

Plants evolved a sophisticated, receptor-based, innate immune system.Cell surface localized pattern recognition (PRR) and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns or pathogen-derived effector molecules, respectively, induce range of common responses.These include Ca 2+ fluxes, reactive oxygen species production, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation [1].Recent studies have demonstrated an interdependency mutual potentiation the 2 receptor systems [2,3].Based on their N-terminal domains phylogeny, NLRs are classified in coiled-coil (CC) domain, Toll-like/interleukin-1 resistance (TIR) RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8-like CC (CC R ) domain containing NLRs, referred to as CNLs, TNLs, RNLs, respectively [4].In Arabidopsis thaliana (hereafter Arabidopsis), multiple PRRs sensing (some CNLs all tested TNLs) require presence also termed helper activate full immunity [5,6].RNLs form small evolutionary conserved clade comprised subfamilies, ACTIVATED DIS-EASE 1 (ADR1) N REQUIREMENT GENE (NRG1) families that separated before divergence angiosperms [4].The genome bares 3 ADR1 NRG1 full-length genes required for [7-9].Although RNLs represent only relatively part NLR gene repertoire most [4,10], they outmost importance plants fight off invading pathogens.Here, we highlight recent findings how function during discuss mechanisms RNL activation.RNLsAU : Pleaseconfirmthatallheadinglevelsarerepresentedcorrectly: central nodes plant network In Arabidopsis, its paralogs ADR1-LIKE act redundantly downstream TNLs [7,9,11,12], signaling induced at cell by (see below [5,6]) basal [7].Arabidopsis NRG1.1 NRG1.2 serve redundant components specifically TNLinduced contribute absence ADR1s [8,9].Interestingly, functional redundancy has not been reported within but between both subfamilies [11,13].It is remarkable, however, Nicotiana benthamiana NRG1s some sensor NLR-triggered responses unequally manner.In subfamily predominantly involved mediating (including transcriptional reprogramming) triggering death [11].In contrast, N. sufficient mediate against tobacco mosaic virus (trigger TNL N) Pseudomonas syringeae Roq1) infections, since knocking out NbADR1 does affect these [13-16].This may indicate evolution, subfunctionalized different preference upstream below)

Language: Английский

---

Arabidopsis PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 promotes the maturation and nuclear accumulation of immune-related cysteine protease RD19

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 75(5), P. 1530 - 1546

Published: Nov. 17, 2023

Arabidopsis PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) has an essential role in pathogen resistance as a heterodimer with ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1). Here we investigated additional PAD4 which it associates and promotes the maturation of immune-related cysteine protease RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 19 (RD19). We found that RD19 its paralog RD19c promoted EDS1- PAD4-mediated effector-triggered immunity to avirulent Pseudomonas syringae strain, DC3000, expressing effector AvrRps4 basal against fungal Golovinomyces cichoracearum. Overexpression RD19, but not protease-inactive catalytic mutants, transgenic lines caused PAD4-dependent autoimmunity enhanced resistance. In these lines, pro-form required residues, suggesting undergoes auto-processing. transient assays, interacted preferentially pro-protease nuclear accumulation leaf cells. Our results lead us propose model for PAD4-stimulated defense potentiation. processed then stimulates EDS1-PAD4 dimer activity confer This study highlights potentially important functions eventually converge on canonical signaling plant immunity.

Language: Английский

---

A comprehensive review of soybean RNL and TIR domain proteins

Plant Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 114(4)

Published: June 26, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Functional diversity of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domains in flowering plants and its translational potential

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 76, P. 102481 - 102481

Published: Oct. 27, 2023

Across the Tree of Life, innate immunity and cell death mechanisms protect hosts from potential pathogens. In prokaryotes, animals, flowering plants, these functions are often mediated by Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain proteins. Here, we discuss recent analyses TIR biology in revealing (i) beyond pathogen recognition, e.g. spatial control immunity, (ii) existence at least two pathways for signaling plants. Also, TIR-based strategies crop improvement argue a need to better understand outside commonly studied dicot future translational work. Opinions experts on emerging topics basic plant research presented supplementary video interviews.

Language: Английский

---

Bioinformatics and functional analysis of EDS1 genes in Brassica napus in response to Plasmodiophora brassicae infection

Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 347, P. 112175 - 112175

Published: July 8, 2024

Language: Английский

---