The normal distribution of the hypoxic ventilatory response and methodological impacts: a meta‐analysis and computational investigation DOI Creative Commons

Britney Oeung,

Kathy Pham, I. Mark Olfert

et al.

The Journal of Physiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 601(19), P. 4423 - 4440

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

Abstract The hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) is the increase in breathing to reduced arterial oxygen pressure. Over several decades, studies have revealed substantial population‐level differences magnitude of HVR as well significant inter‐individual variation. In particular, low HVRs occur frequently Andean high‐altitude native populations. However, our group conducted hundreds measures over years and commonly observed responses sea‐level populations well. As a result, we aimed determine normal distribution, whether were common, what extent variation study protocols influence these findings. We comprehensive search literature examined distributions values across 78 that utilized step‐down/steady‐state or progressive hypoxia methods untreated, healthy human subjects. Several included multiple datasets different experimental conditions. final analysis, 72 reported mean 60 provided raw datasets. Of reporting values, 35 (58.3%) at least moderately positively skewed (skew > 0.5), 21 (35%) significantly 1), indicating lower are common. skewness does not appear be an artifact methodology unit with which reported. Further analysis demonstrated use step‐down versus did impact on average but isocapnic produced higher than poikilocapnic protocols. This work provides reference for expected illustrates this key reflex. Finally, prevalence general population insight into understanding blunted adapted groups. image Key points plays crucial role determining individual's predisposition hypoxia‐related pathologies. There notable variability sensitivity individuals differences. report distribution skewed, amongst population. also find no protocol used induce hypoxia, although greater methods. These results provide HVR, could useful clinical decisions diseases related hypoxaemia. Additionally, found within genetic adaptations residing high altitudes.

Language: Английский

The effect of HIF on metabolism and immunity DOI Open Access
Cormac T. Taylor, Carsten C. Scholz

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(9), P. 573 - 587

Published: June 20, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

287
COVID-19 pneumonia: pathophysiology and management DOI Creative Commons
Luciano Gattinoni, Simone Gattarello, Irene Steinberg

et al.

European Respiratory Review, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(162), P. 210138 - 210138

Published: Oct. 20, 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia is an evolving disease. We will focus on the development of its pathophysiologic characteristics over time, and how these time-related changes determine modifications in treatment. In emergency department: peculiar characteristic coexistence, a significant fraction patients, severe hypoxaemia, near-normal lung computed tomography imaging, gas volume respiratory mechanics. Despite high drive, dyspnoea rate are often normal. The underlying mechanism primarily altered perfusion. anatomical prerequisites for PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure) to work (lung oedema, atelectasis, therefore recruitability) lacking. high-dependency unit: starts worsen either because natural evolution or additional patient self-inflicted injury (P-SILI). Oedema atelectasis may develop, increasing recruitability. Noninvasive supports indicated if they result reversal hypoxaemia decreased inspiratory effort. Otherwise, mechanical ventilation should be considered avert P-SILI. intensive care primary advance unresolved COVID-19 progressive shift from oedema less reversible structural alterations fibrosis. These later associated with notable impairment mechanics, increased arterial carbon dioxide tension ( P aCO 2 ), recruitability lack response prone positioning.

Language: Английский

Citations

161
Pathophysiology of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19 Lung Injury DOI Open Access
Kai E. Swenson,

Erik R. Swenson

Critical Care Clinics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(4), P. 749 - 776

Published: May 28, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

158
Epidemiology, risk factors and prognosis of cardiovascular disease in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era: a systematic review DOI Creative Commons
Garyfallia Pepera,

Marina-Sofia Tribali,

Ladislav Baťalík

et al.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2022

Background: Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from China, novel disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than five milion deaths worldwide. Several studies have elucidated role risk factors in prognosis cardiovascular (CVD) progression COVID-19 pandemic. This systematic review assesses link between and factors, investigates case myocardial injury. Methods: A literature search was performed to identify relevant articles Pubmed, MEDLINE, Elsevier, Google Scholar last two years using terms: COVID-19, CVD, SARS-CoV-2, lockdown, hypertension, diabetes mellitus. Exclusion criteria were associated with pediatric pregnant patients. Results: After screening through 3071 articles, 10 included this that captured findings 3912 participants. Included found preexisting CVD linked worse outcomes increased death patients whereas itself also induced injury, arrhythmia, coronary syndrome, venous thromboembolism. Conclusions: Cardiovascular such as mellitus, obesity intensive care unit admission poor prognosis. are crucial for infected should be constantly monitored follow strict hygiene decrease their social interactions.

Language: Английский

Citations

70
Admission respiratory status predicts mortality in COVID‐19 DOI Creative Commons
Neal A. Chatterjee, Paul N. Jensen, Andrew Harris

et al.

Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 569 - 572

Published: May 24, 2021

COVID-19 has significant case fatality. Glucocorticoids are the only treatment shown to improve survival, but among patients requiring supplemental oxygen. WHO advises seek medical care for "trouble breathing," hypoxemic frequently have no respiratory symptoms. Our cohort study of hospitalized shows that symptoms uncommon and not associated with mortality. By contrast, objective signs compromise-oxygen saturation rate-are markedly elevated findings support expanding guidelines include at-home assessment oxygen rate in order expedite life-saving treatments high-risk patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

62
SARS, MERS and CoVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Manas Pustake, Isha Tambolkar, Purushottam Giri

et al.

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 10 - 17

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

In the 21

Language: Английский

Citations

54
Long COVID: plasma levels of neurofilament light chain in mild COVID-19 patients with neurocognitive symptoms DOI Creative Commons
Elisa Gutman Gouvea, Andreza Lemos Salvio, Renan Amphilophio Fernandes

et al.

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(10), P. 3106 - 3116

Published: April 27, 2024

Abstract It is well known the potential of severe acute respiratory coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection to induce post-acute sequelae, a condition called Long COVID. This syndrome includes several symptoms, but central nervous system (CNS) main one neurocognitive dysfunction. Recently it has been demonstrated relevance plasma levels neurofilament light chain (pNfL), as biomarker early involvement CNS in COVID-19. The aim this study was investigate relationship between pNfL patients with symptoms and NfL prognostic these cases. A group 63 long COVID ranging from 18 59 years-old were evaluated, submitted battery assessment, subdivided different groups, according results. Plasma samples collected during assessment used for measurement Single molecule array (SIMOA) assays. Levels significantly higher when compared HC ( p = 0.0031). cognitive impairment fatigue presented without individually combined 0.0263, 0.0480, 0.0142, respectively). Correlation analysis showed that lost exacerbation evaluation had significative correlation 0.0219 0.0255, Previous reports suggested are related risk severity predict lethality Our findings demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 seems have long-term impact on brain, even who mild disease. measurements might be useful identify associated will need continuous monitoring treatment support.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Immunologic and inflammatory consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its implications in renal disease DOI Creative Commons

Hiam Naiditch,

Michael R. Betts,

H. Benjamin Larman

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic made it critical to understand immune and inflammatory responses SARS-CoV-2 virus. It became increasingly recognized that response was a key mediator illness severity its mechanisms needed be better understood. Early infection both tissue cells, such as macrophages, leading pyroptosis-mediated inflammasome production in an organ system for systemic oxygenation likely plays central role morbidity wrought by SARS-CoV-2. Delayed transcription Type I III interferons may lead early disinhibition viral replication. Cytokines interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), some which produced through involving nuclear kappa B (NF-κB), contribute hyperinflammatory state patients with severe COVID-19. Lymphopenia, more apparent among natural killer (NK) CD8+ T-cells, B-cells, can disease reflect direct cytopathic effects or end-organ sequestration. Direct activation endothelial cells mechanism systems are impacted. In this context, endovascular neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation microthrombi development seen lungs other organs throughout body, heart, gut, brain. kidney most impacted extrapulmonary owing high concentration ACE2 exposure kidney, acute tubular injury, myofibroblast activation, collapsing glomerulopathy select populations account COVID-19-related AKI CKD development. COVID-19-associated nephropathy (COVAN), particular, mediated IL-6 signal transducer activator 3 (STAT3) signaling, suggesting connection between chronic disease. Chronic manifestations also include conditions like Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Children (MIS-C) Adults (MIS-A) post-acute sequelae (PASC), spectrum clinical presentations persistent dysregulation. lessons learned those undergoing continued study have broad implications understanding infections’ immunologic consequences beyond coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
The central role of mitochondrial fitness on antiviral defenses: An advocacy for physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic DOI Creative Commons
Johannes Burtscher, Martin Burtscher, Grégoire P. Millet

et al.

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 43, P. 101976 - 101976

Published: April 23, 2021

Mitochondria are central regulators of cellular metabolism, most known for their role in energy production. They can be "enhanced" by physical activity (including exercise), which increases integrity, efficiency and dynamic adaptation to stressors, short "mitochondrial fitness". Mitochondrial fitness is closely associated with cardiorespiratory activity. Given the importance mitochondria immune functions, it thus not surprising that also an integral determinant antiviral host defense vulnerability infection. Here, we first briefly review viral infections. We then summarize mitochondrial functions relevant response a particular focus on current Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic innate function. Finally, modulation activity, aging chronic diseases represent common comorbidities COVID-19 discussed. conclude high - related should considered as protective factors infections, including COVID-19. This assumption corroborated reduced many established risk COVID-19, like age, various or obesity. argue regular analysis patients promotion – all its health benefits preventive measures against

Language: Английский

Citations

54
COVID-19 in lung transplant recipients—Risk prediction and outcomes DOI Creative Commons
Jan C. Kamp, Jan B. Hinrichs, Jan Fuge

et al.

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(10), P. e0257807 - e0257807

Published: Oct. 6, 2021

Patients after lung transplantation are at risk for life-threatening infections. Recently, several publications on COVID-19 outcomes in this patient population appeared, but knowledge optimal treatment, mortality, outcomes, and appropriate predictors is limited. A retrospective analysis was performed a German high-volume transplant center between 19 th March 2020 18 May 2021. Impact of physical psychological health, clinical mortality were analyzed including follow-up visits up to 12 weeks infection survivors. Predictive parameters survival assessed using univariate multivariate proportional hazards regression models. Out 1,046 patients follow-up, 31 acquired during the pandemic. (39%) died 26 (84%) hospitalized . In survivors significant decline exercise capacity (p = 0.034), TLC 0.02), DLCO 0.007) observed 3 months. Anxiety, depression, self-assessed quality life remained stable. Charlson comorbidity index predicted (HR 1.5, 1.1–2.2; p 0.023). recipients with pre-existing CLAD, inferior. However, CLAD did not predict mortality. remains disease recipients, particularly case comorbidities. Further studies long term impact needed.

Language: Английский

Citations

52