The pathogenic role of epithelial and endothelial cells in early-phase COVID-19 pneumonia: victims and partners in crime

Modern Pathology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 34(8), P. 1444 - 1455

Published: April 21, 2021

Language: Английский

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Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system peptide profiles in patients with COVID-19

European Journal of Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 184(4), P. 543 - 552

Published: Feb. 4, 2021

Objective While evidence on the interface between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) is accumulating, clinical data RAAS peptide alteration among disease-19 (COVID-19) patients missing. Design methods In this exploratory study, we prospectively included adult (aged ≥ 18 years) admitted February 26 April 30, 2020 to a tertiary care hospital in Switzerland. We assessed association of an underlying SARS-CoV-2 equilibrium serum levels peptides hospitalized COVID-19 1:1 propensity-score matched with suffering from SARS-CoV-2-negative infections. Subgroup analyses involved stratification for taking inhibitors. Results had about 50% lower as compared controls (angiotensin I: 31.6 vs 66.8 pmol/L, −52.7% (95%CI: −68.5% −36.9%); angiotensin II: 37.7 92.5 −59.2% −72.1% −46.3%); (1–5): 3.3 6.6 −49.7% −40.2%); (1–7): 4.8 7.6 −64.9% −84.5% −45.3%)). plasma renin activity was (88.6 207.9 −58.5% −71.4% −45.6%)), there no difference angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) ACE2 groups. revealed pronounced profile depression those not Conclusions As patients, found downregulated presence infection. Whether protective (1–5) (1–7) are linked adverse outcomes warrants further investigation.

Language: Английский

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Standardizing PaO2 for PaCO2 in P/F ratio predicts in-hospital mortality in acute respiratory failure due to Covid-19: A pilot prospective study

European Journal of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 48 - 54

Published: June 17, 2021

Up to fifteen percent of patients with novel pandemic coronavirus disease (Covid-19) have acute respiratory failure (ARF). Ratio between arterial partial pressure oxygen (PaO2) and fraction inspired (FiO2), P/F, is currently used as a marker ARF severity in Covid-19. P/F does not reflect the efforts made by maintain blood oxygenation, such tachypnea hyperpnea, leading hypocapnia. Standard PaO2, value PaO2 adjusted for carbon dioxide (PaCO2) subject, better reflects pathophysiology hypoxemic ARF. We hypothesized that ratio standard over FiO2 (STP/F) predicts Covid-19 compared P/F.Aim this pilot prospectic observational study was observe differences STP/F predicting outcome failure, defined need invasive mechanical ventilation and/or deaths Accuracy calculated using Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis areas under ROC curve (AUROC) were compared.349 consecutive subjects admitted our wards due enrolled. accurate predict mortality superior with, respectively, AUROC 0.710 versus 0.688, p = 0.012.Both PF (AUROC respectively 0.747 0.742, 0.590).This first assessing role describing According results, in-hospital mortality.

Language: Английский

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Respiratory Drive, Dyspnea, and Silent Hypoxemia: A Physiological Review in the Context of COVID-19

Respiratory Care, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 67(10), P. 1343 - 1360

Published: May 2, 2022

Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in select individuals results viral sepsis, pneumonia, and hypoxemic respiratory failure, collectively known as COVID-19. In the early months of pandemic, combination novel disease presentation, enormous surges critically ill patients, severity illness lent to observations pronouncements regarding COVID-19 that could not be scientifically validated owing crisis circumstances. One these was a phenomenon referred "happy hypoxia." Widely discussed lay press, it thought represent perplexing phenomenon: severe hypoxemia coupled absence distress dyspnea. Silent is preferred term describing an apparent lack presence hypoxemia. However, well among physiologists hypoxic ventilatory decline. can explained by physiologic mechanisms governing control breathing, breathing perception, cardiovascular compensation. This narrative review examines silent during hypotheses infection central peripheral nervous system may implicated. Moreover, credulous embrace happy hypoxia proposed explain has exposed significant misunderstandings clinicians both modulation sensations. Therefore, substantial focus this paper provide in-depth topics.

Language: Английский

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Control of Breathing

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44(05), P. 627 - 649

Published: July 11, 2023

Substantial advances have been made recently into the discovery of fundamental mechanisms underlying neural control breathing and even some inroads translating these findings to treating disorders. Here, we review several advances, starting with an appreciation importance V̇

Language: Английский

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Acute intermittent hypoxia and respiratory muscle recruitment in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A preliminary study

Experimental Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 347, P. 113890 - 113890

Published: Oct. 7, 2021

Language: Английский

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Case Report: The Carotid Body in COVID-19: Histopathological and Virological Analyses of an Autopsy Case Series

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 26, 2021

Various authors have hypothesized carotid body (CB) involvement in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), through direct invasion or indirect effects by systemic stimuli (‘cytokine storm’, angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE]1/ACE2 imbalance). However, empirical evidence is limited partial. Here, we present an integrated histopathological and virological analysis of CBs sampled at autopsy from four subjects (2 males 2 females; age: >70 years old) who died COVID-19. Histopathological, immunohistochemical molecular investigation techniques were employed to characterize Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome – (SARS-CoV2) viral inflammatory reaction. SARS-CoV2 RNA was detected the three cases Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). In these cases, positive immunostaining for Nucleocapsid Spike protein also demonstrated, mainly level large roundish cells consistent with type I cells, confirming CB invasion. T lymphocytes showed focal aggregations CBs, suggestive local Blood congestion microthrombosis found one cases. Intriguingly, microthrombosis, blood microhaemorrages bilaterally negative case, supporting possibility COVID-19 on even absence its SARS-CoV-2 confirmed both immunohistochemistry RT-PCR, likely different cell types. We reported findings which could be ascribed and/or actions potentially affect chemoreception.

Language: Английский

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Causes of Hypoxemia in COVID-19

Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 58(1), P. 73 - 80

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Hypoxia modeling techniques: A review

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. e13238 - e13238

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

Hypoxia is the main cause and effect of a large number diseases, including most recent one facing world, coronavirus disease (COVID-19). divided into short-term, long-term, periodic, it can be result climate change, or living traveling in high mountain regions world. Since each type hypoxia consequence various physiological changes, methods for modeling these hypoxias are also different. There many techniques under experimental conditions. The common animal rat. models (hypoxia simulations) rats tool to study conditions on oxygen supply body. These provide necessary information understand effective treatment, highlighting importance reactions body hypoxia. parameters when choosing model should reproducibility goal that scientist wants achieve. reproduced both ways exogenously endogenously. reason writing this review was aim systematize available literature order facilitate their selection by scientists. relative strengths limitations need identified understood evaluate obtained from extrapolate results humans develop generalizations. Despite problems, have been remain vital understanding mechanisms involved development progression eligibility criteria selected studies comprehensive studies. This made possible make generalizations give recommendations application methods. will assist scientists an appropriate simulation method, as well interpreting with

Language: Английский

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European Working Group on SARS-CoV-2: Current Understanding, Unknowns, and Recommendations on the Neurological Complications of COVID-19

Brain Connectivity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 178 - 210

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Background: The emergence of COVID-19 was rapidly followed by infection and the deaths millions people across globe. With much research scientific advancement rightly focused on reducing burden severe critical acute infection, long-term effects endured those who survived has been previously overlooked. Now, an appreciation for post-COVID-19 condition, including its neurological manifestations, is growing, although there remain many unknowns regarding etiology risk factors as well how to effectively diagnose treat it. Methods: Here, drawing upon experiences expertise clinicians academics European working group COVID-19, we have reviewed current literature provide a comprehensive overview sequalae condition. Results: In this review, summary symptoms associated with before discussing possible mechanisms which may underly manifest these symptoms. Following this, explore developing result itself be factor development disease in future. Lastly, evaluate post-COVID condition could accurately diagnosed treated, examples guidelines, clinical outcomes, tools that developed aid process, addressing protection provided vaccines against Conclusions: Overall, review provides Impact statement our understanding complications currently lacking sufficient depth, aimed at highlighting knowns draw published literature, range topics As result, topic. Working Group SARS-CoV-2 Many essential questions surrounding unanswered, sequalae. aim identifying gaps suggest future studies should undertaken fill gaps. This will biological mechanistic discuss clinically relevant aspects manifestations syndrome. From discussions, following were considered highly contemplation.

Language: Английский

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