Neurophotonics,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
8(01)
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
Significance:
Contamination
of
diffuse
correlation
spectroscopy
(DCS)
measurements
cerebral
blood
flow
(CBF)
due
to
systemic
physiology
remains
a
significant
challenge
in
the
clinical
translation
DCS
for
neuromonitoring.
Tunable,
multi-layer
Monte
Carlo-based
(MC)
light
transport
models
have
potential
remove
extracerebral
cross-talk
index
(
CBFi
)
estimates.
Aim:
We
explore
effectiveness
MC
recovering
accurate
changes
presence
strong
variations
during
hypercapnia
maneuver.
Approach:
Multi-layer
slab
and
head-like
realistic
(curved)
geometries
were
used
run
simulations
photon
propagation
through
head.
The
simulation
data
post-processed
into
with
variable
thicknesses
fit
multi-distance
intensity
autocorrelation
estimate
timecourses.
results
values
from
set
human
subject
sessions
compared
estimated
using
semi-infinite
analytical
model,
as
commonly
field.
Results:
Group
averages
indicate
gradual
increase
following
different
temporal
profile
versus
expected
rapid
CBF
response.
Optimized
models,
guided
by
several
intrinsic
criteria
pressure
modulation
maneuver,
able
more
effectively
separate
scalp
influence
than
fitting,
which
assumed
homogeneous
medium.
Three-layer
performed
better
two-layer
ones;
curved
achieved
largely
similar
results,
though
closer
physiological
layer
thicknesses.
Conclusion:
Three-layer,
adjustable
can
be
useful
separating
distinct
brain
flow.
Pressure
modulation,
along
reasonable
estimates
parameters,
help
direct
choice
appropriate
models.
Neurophotonics,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
3(3), P. 031411 - 031411
Published: June 21, 2016
Cerebral
blood
flow
(CBF)
and
cerebral
autoregulation
(CA)
are
critically
important
to
maintain
proper
brain
perfusion
supply
the
with
necessary
oxygen
energy
substrates.
Adequate
is
required
support
normal
function,
achieve
successful
aging,
navigate
acute
chronic
medical
conditions.
We
review
general
principles
of
CBF
measurements
current
techniques
measure
based
on
direct
intravascular
measurements,
nuclear
medicine,
X-ray
imaging,
magnetic
resonance
ultrasound
techniques,
thermal
diffusion,
optical
methods.
also
for
arterial
pressure
as
well
theoretical
experimental
methods
assessment
CA,
including
recent
approaches
techniques.
The
in
clinical
practice
presented.
comprehensive
description
principles,
methods,
requirements
CA
highlights
potentially
role
that
noninvasive
can
play
neurovascular
health.
In
fact,
have
ability
provide
a
noninvasive,
quantitative,
continuous
monitor
autoregulation.
Biomedical Optics Express,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
5(11), P. 4053 - 4053
Published: Oct. 28, 2014
We
develop
and
validate
a
Modified
Beer-Lambert
law
for
blood
flow
based
on
diffuse
correlation
spectroscopy
(DCS)
measurements.The
new
formulation
enables
monitoring
from
temporal
intensity
autocorrelation
function
data
taken
at
single
or
multiple
delay-times.Consequentially,
the
speed
of
optical
measurement
can
be
substantially
increased.The
scheme
facilitates
highly
scattering
tissues
in
geometries
wherein
light
propagation
is
diffusive
non-diffusive,
it
particularly
well-suited
utilization
with
pressure
paradigms
that
employ
differential
signals
to
reduce
contributions
superficial
tissues.
Neurophotonics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
9(S2)
Published: Aug. 30, 2022
This
report
is
the
second
part
of
a
comprehensive
two-part
series
aimed
at
reviewing
an
extensive
and
diverse
toolkit
novel
methods
to
explore
brain
health
function.
While
first
focused
on
neurophotonic
tools
mostly
applicable
animal
studies,
here,
we
highlight
optical
spectroscopy
imaging
relevant
noninvasive
human
studies.
We
outline
current
state-of-the-art
technologies
software
advances,
most
recent
impact
these
neuroscience
clinical
applications,
identify
areas
where
innovation
needed,
provide
outlook
for
future
directions.
Biomedical Optics Express,
Journal Year:
2016,
Volume and Issue:
7(3), P. 776 - 776
Published: Feb. 3, 2016
We
introduce,
validate
and
demonstrate
a
new
software
correlator
for
high-speed
measurement
of
blood
flow
in
deep
tissues
based
on
diffuse
correlation
spectroscopy
(DCS).The
scheme
employs
standard
PC-based
data
acquisition
boards
to
measure
temporal
intensity
autocorrelation
functions
continuously
at
50
-100
Hz,
the
fastest
measurements
reported
with
DCS
date.The
streams,
obtained
vivo
typical
source-detector
separations
2.5
cm,
easily
resolve
pulsatile
heart-beat
fluctuations
which
were
previously
considered
be
noise.We
employ
device
separate
tissue
from
absorption/scattering
dynamics
thereby
show
that
origin
signal
is
primarily
flow,
we
monitor
cerebral
autoregulation
healthy
volunteers
more
accurately
than
traditional
instrumentation
as
result
increased
rates.Finally,
characterize
signal-to-noise
ratio
identify
count
rate
averaging
parameters
needed
optimal
performance.
Neurophotonics,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
4(04), P. 1 - 1
Published: Aug. 22, 2017
Multimodal
monitoring
has
become
particularly
common
in
the
study
of
human
brain
function.
In
this
context,
combined,
synchronous
measurements
functional
near-infrared
spectroscopy
(fNIRS)
and
electroencephalography
(EEG)
are
getting
increased
interest.
Because
absence
electro-optical
interference,
it
is
quite
simple
to
integrate
these
two
noninvasive
recording
procedures
activity.
fNIRS
EEG
both
scalp-located
procedures.
estimates
hemodynamic
fluctuations
relying
on
spectroscopic
measurements,
whereas
captures
macroscopic
temporal
dynamics
electrical
activity
through
passive
voltages
evaluations.
The
"orthogonal"
neurophysiological
information
provided
by
technologies
increasing
interest
neurovascular
coupling
phenomenon
further
encourage
their
integration.
This
review
provides,
together
with
an
introduction
regarding
principles
future
directions
technologies,
evaluation
major
clinical
nonclinical
applications
flexible,
low-cost
combination
neuroimaging
modalities.
fNIRS–EEG
systems
exploit
ability
be
conducted
environment
or
experimental
setting
and/or
subjects
that
generally
not
suited
for
other
modalities,
such
as
magnetic
resonance
imaging,
positron
emission
tomography,
magnetoencephalography.
settles
itself
a
useful
multimodal
tool
investigation.
Biomedical Optics Express,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
8(9), P. 3993 - 3993
Published: Aug. 7, 2017
Frequency
domain
near
infrared
spectroscopy
(FD-NIRS)
and
diffuse
correlation
(DCS)
have
emerged
as
synergistic
techniques
for
the
non-invasive
assessment
of
tissue
health.
Combining
FD-NIRS
oximetry
with
DCS
measures
blood
flow,
oxygen
metabolic
rate
can
be
quantified,
a
parameter
more
closely
linked
to
underlying
physiology
pathology
than
either
NIRS
or
estimates
alone.
Here
we
describe
first
commercially
available
integrated
instrument,
called
"MetaOx",
designed
enable
simultaneous
measurements
at
rates
10
+
Hz,
offering
real-time
data
evaluation.
We
show
simultaneously
acquired
characterization
demonstrating
performance
equivalent
individual
devices
sample
in
vivo
pulsation
resolved
forearm
occlusion
hemodynamic
changes
muscle
monitoring
during
stationary
bike
exercise.
Neurophotonics,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
2(3), P. 035004 - 035004
Published: Aug. 4, 2015
We
introduce
and
validate
a
pressure
measurement
paradigm
that
reduces
extracerebral
contamination
from
superficial
tissues
in
optical
monitoring
of
cerebral
blood
flow
with
diffuse
correlation
spectroscopy
(DCS).
The
scheme
determines
subject-specific
contributions
to
the
DCS
signal
by
utilizing
probe
modulation
induce
variations
flow.
For
analysis,
head
is
modeled
as
two-layer
medium
probed
long
short
source-detector
separations.
Then
combination
modified
Beer-Lambert
law
for
enables
experimenters
linearly
relate
differential
signals
variation
without
priori
anatomical
information.
demonstrate
algorithm's
ability
isolate
during
finger-tapping
task
graded
scalp
ischemia
healthy
adults.
Finally,
we
adapt
algorithm
ameliorate
oxygenation
volume
near-infrared
spectroscopy.
Optica,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
5(5), P. 518 - 518
Published: April 26, 2018
Light-scattering
methods
are
widely
used
in
soft
matter
physics
and
biomedical
optics
to
probe
dynamics
turbid
media,
such
as
diffusion
colloids
or
blood
flow
biological
tissue.These
typically
rely
on
fluctuations
of
coherent
light
intensity,
therefore
cannot
accommodate
more
than
a
few
modes
per
detector.This
limitation
has
hindered
efforts
measure
deep
tissue
with
high
speed,
since
weak
diffuse
fluxes,
together
low
singlemode
fiber
throughput,
result
photon
count
rates.To
solve
this,
we
introduce
multimode
(MMF)
interferometry
the
field
optics.In
doing
so,
transform
standard
complementary
metal-oxide-semiconductor
(CMOS)
camera
into
sensitive
detector
array
for
fluxes
that
tissue.Specifically,
build
novel
CMOS-based,
interferometric
diffusing
wave
spectroscopy
(iDWS)
system
show
it
can
∼20
speckles
simultaneously
near
shot
noise
limit,
acting
essentially
independent
photon-counting
channels.We
develop
matrix
formalism,
based
MMF
mode
solutions
geometry,
predict
both
coherence
speckle
number
iDWS.After
validation
liquid
phantoms,
demonstrate
iDWS
pulsatile
measurements
at
2.5
cm
source-detector
separation
adult
human
brain
vivo.By
achieving
highly
parallel
CMOS
camera,
this
work
promises
enhance
performance
reduce
cost
optical
instruments.