Fatigue, Sleep, and Autoimmune and Related Disorders

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Aug. 6, 2019

Profound and debilitating fatigue is the most common complaint reported among individuals with autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, celiac chronic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis. Fatigue multi-faceted broadly defined, which makes understanding cause of its manifestations especially difficult in conditions diverse pathology including diseases. In general, defined by periods exhaustion that interfere normal activities. The severity duration episodes vary, but can difficulty for even simple tasks like climbing stairs or crossing room. exact mechanisms are not well understood, perhaps due to broad definition. Nevertheless, physiological processes known play a role include oxygen/nutrient supply, metabolism, mood, motivation, sleepiness—all affected inflammation. Additionally, an important contributing element central nervous system—a region impacted either directly indirectly numerous related disorders. This review describes how inflammation system contribute suggests potential involved likely exhibited

Language: Английский

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The Effects of Flavonoids on Cardiovascular Health: A Review of Human Intervention Trials and Implications for Cerebrovascular Function

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 1852 - 1852

Published: Dec. 1, 2018

Research has suggested a number of beneficial effects arising from the consumption dietary flavonoids, found in foods such as cocoa, apples, tea, citrus fruits and berries on cardiovascular risk factors high blood pressure endothelial dysfunction. These are thought to have significant impact upon both vascular cerebrovascular health, ultimately with potential prevent potentially neurodegenerative disease component, for example dementia. This review explores current evidence flavonoid supplementation human function peripheral cerebral flow (CBF). Evidence presented includes their reduce hypertensive individuals, well increasing perfusion promoting CBF healthy at-risk populations. However, there is great variation literature due heterogeneous nature randomised controlled trials conducted. As such, clear need further research understanding within this area order maximise health benefits.

Language: Английский

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Pathophysiology of blood brain barrier dysfunction during chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in vascular cognitive impairment

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 1639 - 1658

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

The prevalence of cerebrovascular disease increases with age, placing the elderly at a greater lifetime risk for dementia. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) encompasses spectrum deficits from mild to VCI and its most severe form, vascular dementia (VaD), is becoming major public health concern worldwide. As growing efforts are being taken understand VaD in animal models humans, pathogenesis actively explored. It postulated that chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) cause VCI. CCH activates molecular cellular injury cascade leads breakdown blood brain barrier (BBB) neurodegeneration. BBB tightly regulates movement substances between brain, thereby regulating microenvironment within parenchyma. Here we illustrate how damage causal through increased activation pathways related excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation matrix metalloproteinases lead downstream perivascular damage, leukocyte infiltration white matter changes brain. Thus, CCH-induced may initiate contribute vicious cycle, resulting progressive neuropathological This review outlines mechanisms govern during highlights clinical evidence identifying at-risk patients.

Language: Английский

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Optical imaging and spectroscopy for the study of the human brain: status report

Neurophotonics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(S2)

Published: Aug. 30, 2022

This report is the second part of a comprehensive two-part series aimed at reviewing an extensive and diverse toolkit novel methods to explore brain health function. While first focused on neurophotonic tools mostly applicable animal studies, here, we highlight optical spectroscopy imaging relevant noninvasive human studies. We outline current state-of-the-art technologies software advances, most recent impact these neuroscience clinical applications, identify areas where innovation needed, provide outlook for future directions.

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation, Sleep, and Circadian Rhythms

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 22, 2022

Molecules involved in innate immunity affect sleep and circadian oscillators vice versa. Sleep-inducing inflammatory molecules are activated by increased waking activity pathogens. Pathologies that alter molecules, such as traumatic brain injury, cancer, cardiovascular disease, stroke often associated with disturbed electroencephalogram power spectra. Moreover, disorders, insomnia disordered breathing, dysregulation of processes. Inflammatory both the central nervous system periphery can sleep. Inflammation also modulate cerebral vascular hemodynamics which is alterations However, further research needed to determine interactions regulatory clocks. The purpose this review to: 1) describe role cytokines interleukin-1 beta tumor necrosis factor-alpha nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat protein-3 inflammasomes regulation, 2) discuss relationship between vagus nerve translating signals sleep, 3) present information about during

Language: Английский

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Brain-on-a-chip: Recent advances in design and techniques for microfluidic models of the brain in health and disease

Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 285, P. 121531 - 121531

Published: April 21, 2022

Recent advances in biomaterials, microfabrication, microfluidics, and cell biology have led to the development of organ-on-a-chip devices that can reproduce key functions various organs. Such platforms promise provide novel insights into physiological events, including mechanisms disease, evaluate effects external interventions, such as drug administration. The neuroscience field is expected benefit greatly from these innovative tools. Conventional ex vivo studies nervous system been limited by inability culture adequately mimic physiology. While animal models be used, their relevance human physiology uncertain use laborious associated with ethical issues. To date, systems developed model different tissue components brain, brain regions specific blood barrier, both normal pathophysiological conditions. still its infancy, it major impact on neurophysiology, pathology neuropharmacology future. Here, we review made limitations faced an effort stimulate next generation brain-on-a-chip devices.

Language: Английский

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Thermophysical and mechanical properties of biological tissues as a function of temperature: a systematic literature review

International Journal of Hyperthermia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 297 - 340

Published: Feb. 6, 2022

Background Detailed information on the temperature dependence of tissue thermophysical and mechanical properties is pivotal for optimal implementation mathematical models simulation-based tools pre-planning thermal ablation therapies. These require in-depth knowledge sensitivity these other influential terms (e.g., blood perfusion metabolic heat) to maximize treatment prediction outcome.Methodology A systematic literature review experimental trials investigating biological media, as well heat, a function in hyperthermic ablative range, was conducted up June 2021.Results total 61 articles selected, thus enabling comprehensive overview (i.e. conductivity, specific volumetric heat capacity, density, diffusivity), (shear, elastic, storage, loss complex moduli, factor, stiffness) along with principal measurement techniques. The reviewed studies considered different tissues, e.g., liver, fat, cartilage, brain, myocardium, muscle, bone, skin, pancreas also some tumorous tissues.Conclusions soft tissues appear rather constant until 90 °C, slight differences ascribable characteristics methods. Conversely, heterogeneous because most investigated types tissues. Furthermore, experiments were ex vivo; only small percentage concerned vivo studies. Limited recent about observed.

Language: Английский

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Transcranial volumetric imaging using a conformal ultrasound patch

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 629(8013), P. 810 - 818

Published: May 22, 2024

Language: Английский

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New perspectives on the glymphatic system and the relationship between glymphatic system and neurodegenerative diseases

Neurobiology of Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 205, P. 106791 - 106791

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are characterized by the accumulation of aggregated proteins. The glymphatic system, through its rapid exchange mechanisms between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial (ISF), facilitates movement metabolic substances within brain, serving functions akin to those peripheral lymphatic system. This emerging waste clearance mechanism offers a novel perspective on removal pathological in ND. article elucidates recent discoveries regarding system updates relevant concepts model. It discusses potential roles ND, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's (PD), multiple atrophy (MSA), proposes as therapeutic target for these conditions.

Language: Английский

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Cerebral blood flow in bipolar disorder: A systematic review

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 241, P. 505 - 513

Published: Aug. 11, 2018

Language: Английский

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