Training Session Models in Endurance Sports: A Norwegian Perspective on Best Practice Recommendations

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 54(11), P. 2935 - 2953

Published: July 16, 2024

Abstract Background Our scientific understanding of the mechanistic and practical connections between training session prescriptions, their execution by athletes, adaptations over time in elite endurance sports remains limited. These are fundamental to art science coaching. Objective By using successful Norwegian coaches as key informants, aim this study is describe compare best practice models across different exercise intensities Olympic sports. Methods Data collection was based on a four-step pragmatic qualitative design, involving questionnaires, logs from in-depth semi-structured interviews, followed negotiation among researchers assure our interpretations. Twelve experienced male biathlon, cross-country skiing, long-distance running, road cycling, rowing, speed skating, swimming, triathlon were chosen informants. They had been responsible for world-class athletes who altogether have won > 370 medals international championships. Results The duration low-intensity (LIT) sessions ranges 30 min 7 h sports, mainly due modality-specific constraints load tolerance considerations. Cross-training accounts considerable part LIT several Moderate (MIT)- high-intensity (HIT) conducted intervals specific modalities, but competitions also account large proportion annual HIT most Interval characterized high accumulated volume, progressive increase intensity throughout session, controlled, rather than exhaustive, approach. A clear trend towards shorter lower work: rest ratio with increasing observed. Overall, analyzed implement considerably more MIT cycle. Conclusions This provides novel insights quantitative aspects employed interval revealed generally voluminous, less exhaustive previous recommendations outlined research literature.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of Strength and Power Capacities in Elite Male Soccer: A Systematic Review of Test Protocols Used in Practice and Research

Sports Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 54(10), P. 2607 - 2644

Published: July 18, 2024

Abstract Background Strength and power represent two crucial physical qualities for the attainment of a high level performance considering frequency importance explosive actions occurring during elite soccer match-play. Evaluation strength is multifaceted concept involving vast array tests outcome variables. Nevertheless, comprehensive systematic search assessment procedures in has yet to be undertaken. Objectives The aims this review were to: (1) identify variables used assess male players; (2) provide normative values most common across different playing levels; (3) report reliability these tests. Methods A academic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Web Science OVID studies published until August 2023 was conducted, following Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies eligible inclusion if they: original research studies, peer-reviewed journal, written English language; had primary aim and/or power; players older than 17 years age (i.e., mean group); (4) their defined as “professional”, “international” or “elite”. Results Regarding testing, 115 29 identified. three frequent knee extensor isokinetic test (58 studies), flexor (55 studies) Nordic hamstring (13 studies). In terms 127 with 31 included. countermovement jump hands fixed on hips (99 squat (48 vertical arm swing (29 Conclusions wide range identified highlights large diversity employed testing procedures. establishment hybrid approach, combining standardised widely accepted establishing standards enabling comparisons contexts, flexible context-specific batteries, potential maximise impact information practitioners. addition, limited reporting data need practitioners establish own measure within specific informing selection certain

Language: Английский

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Monitoring fatigue state with heart rate‐based and subjective methods during intensified training in recreational runners

European Journal of Sport Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 857 - 869

Published: April 26, 2024

Abstract The purpose of this study was firstly to examine the sensitivity heart rate (HR)‐based and subjective monitoring markers intensified endurance training; secondly, investigate validity these distinguish individuals in different fatigue states. A total 24 recreational runners performed a 3‐week baseline period, 2‐week overload 1‐week recovery period. Performance assessed before after each period with 3000m running test. Recovery monitored daily orthostatic tests, nocturnal HR recordings, questionnaires, exercise data. participants were divided into subgroups (overreached/OR, n = 8; responders/RESP, 12) based on changes performance recovery. responses second week compared between subgroups. RESP improved their 3000 m time ( p < 0.001) (−2.5 ± 1.0%), change differed from OR (0.6 1.2%). (OR 3.2 3.1%; −2.8 3.7%, 0.002) variability −0.7 1.8%; 2.1 1.6%, 0.011) In addition, decrease readiness train 0.009) increase soreness legs 0.04) greater RESP. Nocturnal HR, train, exercise‐derived HR‐running power index had ≥85% positive negative predictive values discrimination individuals. conclusion, tolerance can vary substantially runners. results supported usefulness assessments recognizing

Language: Английский

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An overview of large AI models and their applications

Visual Intelligence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Dec. 27, 2024

Abstract In recent years, large-scale artificial intelligence (AI) models have become a focal point in technology, attracting widespread attention and acclaim. Notable examples include Google’s BERT OpenAI’s GPT, which scaled their parameter sizes to hundreds of billions or even tens trillions. This growth has been accompanied by significant increase the amount training data, significantly improving capabilities performance these models. Unlike previous reviews, this paper provides comprehensive discussion algorithmic principles AI industrial applications from multiple perspectives. We first outline evolutionary history models, highlighting milestone algorithms while exploring underlying core technologies. then evaluate challenges limitations including computational resource requirements, model inflation, data privacy concerns, specific issues related multi-modal such as reliance on text-image pairs, inconsistencies understanding generation capabilities, lack true “multi-modality”. Various are also presented. Finally, we discuss future trends, predicting further expansion scale development cross-modal fusion. study valuable insights inform inspire research practice.

Language: Английский

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Do all matches require the same effort? Influence of contextual factors on physical demands during official female handball competitions

Biology of Sport, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 41(4), P. 145 - 154

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Understanding the influence of contextual factors on physical demands is essential to maximize performance in handball. The purpose this study was explore and compare (halves match, level opponent, match outcome player role) external load during official matches women's Twenty-two semi-professional female players from Spanish 2

Language: Английский

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Towards Personalized Recovery in Handball? The Effects of Playing Positions and Player Role on Internal Match Load and Well-Being Responses in Female Players

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 1228 - 1228

Published: Jan. 25, 2025

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects playing position (backs vs. pivots wings) and player role (starter non-starter) on internal match load well-being status female handball players after official matches. Fourteen from Spanish 2nd Division were monitored during a half-season (13 matches, n = 102 individual observations) using rate perceived exertion (match RPE) Hooper questionnaire in MD+1 MD+2. Differences RPE according positions roles determined by one-way ANOVA or paired t-test, respectively. time (MD+1 MD+2) assessed through mixed two-way ANOVA. Furthermore, partial eta-squared (ηp2) Cohen’s d (ES) calculated interpreted Hopkins’ categorization criteria. Backs registered moderately more compared (p < 0.05, ES 0.84). By contrast, wings experienced highest values fatigue muscle soreness MD+2 all other 0.66–0.93). Also, reported higher index scores than backs 0.01, 0.73–0.77). In relation role, starters absolute RPE, fatigue, soreness, non-starters 0.25–0.29). Additionally, regardless less 0.66–1.34). Therefore, coaches practitioners should consider implement different training stimuli (e.g., recovery compensatory strategies) roles.

Language: Английский

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Confirmation Bias in Sport Science: Understanding and Mitigating Its Impact

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 6

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Purpose : Confirmation bias, a cognitive phenomenon deeply ingrained in human thinking, shapes our perception of reality. It leads individuals to favor information that aligns with their preexisting beliefs while dismissing or undervaluing the contrary evidence. In sport science, where precision and evidence-based practices are critical aspects optimize performance, confirmation bias can decisively impact decision-making processes. this context, practitioners rely on both objective subjective data be interpreted enhance athletic performance. However, introduces subtle yet powerful distortion, which is difficult control quantify. We usually believe observations justify expectations predictions about future observations, as well broader generalizations beyond what we have directly observed—inductive inferences. Researchers may therefore unknowingly seek out evidence confirms beliefs, inadvertently overlooking alternative viewpoints interpretations. Conclusions This paper explores concept providing practical examples contexts testing, training, monitoring. By understanding how operates (ie, heuristic decision making), develop strategies mitigate its effects promote more accurate effective making science (eg, performance).

Language: Английский

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Athlete monitoring in handball (ATHMON HB): a systematic review protocol

Systematic Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 15, 2025

Abstract Background Athlete monitoring has become an important aspect of demanding indoor team sports like handball. Monitoring external and internal load well-being should help coaches to optimize management recovery strategies improve athletic performance maintain athlete health. However, there is a large variety in the methods described, their coherence, effect on This systematic review will summarize currently used monitor during training competition Methods follow current Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Web Science, be conducted until 30 April 2024. Original articles English, German, or Spanish that assess and/or healthy handball players considered. In addition, backward all relevant full-text identified through conducted. Two reviewers independently perform study selection, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment included studies. Included studies assessed risk bias using Newcastle–Ottawa scale. It anticipated number eligible limited, extracted from them highly heterogeneous. Consequently, narrative synthesis presented. Discussion provide evidence competitive players. The results may assist practitioners implementing monitoring. We share our findings scientific conferences, educational meetings medical staff, expert meetings, publication peer-reviewed journal. registration PROSPERO CRD42024540676.

Language: Английский

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Athlete monitoring in handball (ATHMON HB): a survey of current practice in professional women's and men's handball

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 6, 2025

Background: Athlete monitoring is becoming increasingly important in elite team sports to optimize performance and prevent injuries other athletic health problems. A variety of objective subjective measures are available monitor external internal load, well-being, readiness train or compete. comprehensive Monitoring System (AMS) should include a meaningful combination these methods provide analysis graphical presentation with decision support for coaches. The selection establish an AMS influenced not only by sport-specific considerations, but also the resources available. Our study aimed describe current practice athlete professional handball, examine potential gender differences. Methods: total 104 women's (n = 44) men's 60) handball teams competing first two national leagues Germany Switzerland were invited participate online survey (May-August 2024). questionnaire used this cross-sectional was designed interdisciplinary consisted maximum 28 questions. Mann-Whitney U test differences on extent following sub-areas: Injuries illness surveillance (IIS); load; well-being readiness. Results:The minimum response rate 34.6% (19 teams, 17 teams). An IIS performed 75.0% responding teams. 19 (52.8%) conducted further monitoring, 84.2% cases AMS, which most commonly included player tracking (13 out 15 using load measures) Session-Rating Perceived Exertion-method (11 measures), customized questionnaires (10 18 measures). Men's engage significantly more (94.7% vs. 52.9% p = .019, δ –.356), (52.6% 11.8% teams, p .003, –.415) (63.2% 29.4% .015, –.387). Notably, 88.9% interested implementing developing AMS. Conclusions: findings indicate that majority already use some form IIS, than half have implemented tracking, measures. apparent high level interest highlights importance data-driven approaches managing performance, although bias must be considered. This information valuable practitioners seeking implement expand handball.

Language: Английский

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Athlete monitoring in handball (ATHMON HB): a survey of current practice in professional women’s and men’s handball

BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: May 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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