Sports,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(10), P. 198 - 198
Published: Oct. 9, 2023
With
Norway's
successes
in
middle
and
long-distance
running,
lactate-guided
threshold
training
has
regained
importance
recent
years.
Therefore,
the
aim
of
present
study
was
to
investigate
individual
responses
on
common
monitoring
parameters
based
a
conventional
method.
In
total,
15
trained
runners
(10
males,
5
females;
18.6
±
3.3
years;
VO2max:
59.3
5.9
mL
kg-1
min-1)
completed
40-min
continuous
running
session
at
fixed
lactate
load
2
mmol
L-1.
Lactate
(La),
oxygen
uptake
(VO2),
heart
rate
(HR),
rating
perceived
exertion
(RPE)
were
recorded.
The
chosen
workload
led
values
2.85
0.56
L-1
(range:
1.90-3.80),
percentage
VO2max
utilization
(%VO2max)
79.2
2.5%
74.9-83.8),
HRmax
(%HRmax)
92.2
88.1-95.3),
an
RPE
6.1
1.9
3-10)
end
session.
Thereby,
differed
considerably.
These
results
indicate
that
method
can
lead
different
responses,
potentially
resulting
various
physiological
impacts.
Moreover,
correlation
analyses
suggest
athletes
with
higher
performance
levels
must
choose
their
intensity
methods
more
conservatively
(lower
threshold)
avoid
eliciting
excessively
strong
metabolic
responses.
Sports Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
54(11), P. 2935 - 2953
Published: July 16, 2024
Abstract
Background
Our
scientific
understanding
of
the
mechanistic
and
practical
connections
between
training
session
prescriptions,
their
execution
by
athletes,
adaptations
over
time
in
elite
endurance
sports
remains
limited.
These
are
fundamental
to
art
science
coaching.
Objective
By
using
successful
Norwegian
coaches
as
key
informants,
aim
this
study
is
describe
compare
best
practice
models
across
different
exercise
intensities
Olympic
sports.
Methods
Data
collection
was
based
on
a
four-step
pragmatic
qualitative
design,
involving
questionnaires,
logs
from
in-depth
semi-structured
interviews,
followed
negotiation
among
researchers
assure
our
interpretations.
Twelve
experienced
male
biathlon,
cross-country
skiing,
long-distance
running,
road
cycling,
rowing,
speed
skating,
swimming,
triathlon
were
chosen
informants.
They
had
been
responsible
for
world-class
athletes
who
altogether
have
won
>
370
medals
international
championships.
Results
The
duration
low-intensity
(LIT)
sessions
ranges
30
min
7
h
sports,
mainly
due
modality-specific
constraints
load
tolerance
considerations.
Cross-training
accounts
considerable
part
LIT
several
Moderate
(MIT)-
high-intensity
(HIT)
conducted
intervals
specific
modalities,
but
competitions
also
account
large
proportion
annual
HIT
most
Interval
characterized
high
accumulated
volume,
progressive
increase
intensity
throughout
session,
controlled,
rather
than
exhaustive,
approach.
A
clear
trend
towards
shorter
lower
work:
rest
ratio
with
increasing
observed.
Overall,
analyzed
implement
considerably
more
MIT
cycle.
Conclusions
This
provides
novel
insights
quantitative
aspects
employed
interval
revealed
generally
voluminous,
less
exhaustive
previous
recommendations
outlined
research
literature.
Sports Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
54(10), P. 2607 - 2644
Published: July 18, 2024
Abstract
Background
Strength
and
power
represent
two
crucial
physical
qualities
for
the
attainment
of
a
high
level
performance
considering
frequency
importance
explosive
actions
occurring
during
elite
soccer
match-play.
Evaluation
strength
is
multifaceted
concept
involving
vast
array
tests
outcome
variables.
Nevertheless,
comprehensive
systematic
search
assessment
procedures
in
has
yet
to
be
undertaken.
Objectives
The
aims
this
review
were
to:
(1)
identify
variables
used
assess
male
players;
(2)
provide
normative
values
most
common
across
different
playing
levels;
(3)
report
reliability
these
tests.
Methods
A
academic
databases
MEDLINE,
CINAHL,
SPORTDiscus,
Web
Science
OVID
studies
published
until
August
2023
was
conducted,
following
Preferred
Reporting
Items
Systematic
Reviews
Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA)
guidelines.
Studies
eligible
inclusion
if
they:
original
research
studies,
peer-reviewed
journal,
written
English
language;
had
primary
aim
and/or
power;
players
older
than
17
years
age
(i.e.,
mean
group);
(4)
their
defined
as
“professional”,
“international”
or
“elite”.
Results
Regarding
testing,
115
29
identified.
three
frequent
knee
extensor
isokinetic
test
(58
studies),
flexor
(55
studies)
Nordic
hamstring
(13
studies).
In
terms
127
with
31
included.
countermovement
jump
hands
fixed
on
hips
(99
squat
(48
vertical
arm
swing
(29
Conclusions
wide
range
identified
highlights
large
diversity
employed
testing
procedures.
establishment
hybrid
approach,
combining
standardised
widely
accepted
establishing
standards
enabling
comparisons
contexts,
flexible
context-specific
batteries,
potential
maximise
impact
information
practitioners.
addition,
limited
reporting
data
need
practitioners
establish
own
measure
within
specific
informing
selection
certain
European Journal of Sport Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(7), P. 857 - 869
Published: April 26, 2024
Abstract
The
purpose
of
this
study
was
firstly
to
examine
the
sensitivity
heart
rate
(HR)‐based
and
subjective
monitoring
markers
intensified
endurance
training;
secondly,
investigate
validity
these
distinguish
individuals
in
different
fatigue
states.
A
total
24
recreational
runners
performed
a
3‐week
baseline
period,
2‐week
overload
1‐week
recovery
period.
Performance
assessed
before
after
each
period
with
3000m
running
test.
Recovery
monitored
daily
orthostatic
tests,
nocturnal
HR
recordings,
questionnaires,
exercise
data.
participants
were
divided
into
subgroups
(overreached/OR,
n
=
8;
responders/RESP,
12)
based
on
changes
performance
recovery.
responses
second
week
compared
between
subgroups.
RESP
improved
their
3000
m
time
(
p
<
0.001)
(−2.5
±
1.0%),
change
differed
from
OR
(0.6
1.2%).
(OR
3.2
3.1%;
−2.8
3.7%,
0.002)
variability
−0.7
1.8%;
2.1
1.6%,
0.011)
In
addition,
decrease
readiness
train
0.009)
increase
soreness
legs
0.04)
greater
RESP.
Nocturnal
HR,
train,
exercise‐derived
HR‐running
power
index
had
≥85%
positive
negative
predictive
values
discrimination
individuals.
conclusion,
tolerance
can
vary
substantially
runners.
results
supported
usefulness
assessments
recognizing
Visual Intelligence,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
2(1)
Published: Dec. 27, 2024
Abstract
In
recent
years,
large-scale
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
models
have
become
a
focal
point
in
technology,
attracting
widespread
attention
and
acclaim.
Notable
examples
include
Google’s
BERT
OpenAI’s
GPT,
which
scaled
their
parameter
sizes
to
hundreds
of
billions
or
even
tens
trillions.
This
growth
has
been
accompanied
by
significant
increase
the
amount
training
data,
significantly
improving
capabilities
performance
these
models.
Unlike
previous
reviews,
this
paper
provides
comprehensive
discussion
algorithmic
principles
AI
industrial
applications
from
multiple
perspectives.
We
first
outline
evolutionary
history
models,
highlighting
milestone
algorithms
while
exploring
underlying
core
technologies.
then
evaluate
challenges
limitations
including
computational
resource
requirements,
model
inflation,
data
privacy
concerns,
specific
issues
related
multi-modal
such
as
reliance
on
text-image
pairs,
inconsistencies
understanding
generation
capabilities,
lack
true
“multi-modality”.
Various
are
also
presented.
Finally,
we
discuss
future
trends,
predicting
further
expansion
scale
development
cross-modal
fusion.
study
valuable
insights
inform
inspire
research
practice.
Biology of Sport,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
41(4), P. 145 - 154
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Understanding
the
influence
of
contextual
factors
on
physical
demands
is
essential
to
maximize
performance
in
handball.
The
purpose
this
study
was
explore
and
compare
(halves
match,
level
opponent,
match
outcome
player
role)
external
load
during
official
matches
women's
Twenty-two
semi-professional
female
players
from
Spanish
2
Applied Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(3), P. 1228 - 1228
Published: Jan. 25, 2025
The
aim
of
this
study
was
to
analyze
the
effects
playing
position
(backs
vs.
pivots
wings)
and
player
role
(starter
non-starter)
on
internal
match
load
well-being
status
female
handball
players
after
official
matches.
Fourteen
from
Spanish
2nd
Division
were
monitored
during
a
half-season
(13
matches,
n
=
102
individual
observations)
using
rate
perceived
exertion
(match
RPE)
Hooper
questionnaire
in
MD+1
MD+2.
Differences
RPE
according
positions
roles
determined
by
one-way
ANOVA
or
paired
t-test,
respectively.
time
(MD+1
MD+2)
assessed
through
mixed
two-way
ANOVA.
Furthermore,
partial
eta-squared
(ηp2)
Cohen’s
d
(ES)
calculated
interpreted
Hopkins’
categorization
criteria.
Backs
registered
moderately
more
compared
(p
<
0.05,
ES
0.84).
By
contrast,
wings
experienced
highest
values
fatigue
muscle
soreness
MD+2
all
other
0.66–0.93).
Also,
reported
higher
index
scores
than
backs
0.01,
0.73–0.77).
In
relation
role,
starters
absolute
RPE,
fatigue,
soreness,
non-starters
0.25–0.29).
Additionally,
regardless
less
0.66–1.34).
Therefore,
coaches
practitioners
should
consider
implement
different
training
stimuli
(e.g.,
recovery
compensatory
strategies)
roles.
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 6
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
Purpose
:
Confirmation
bias,
a
cognitive
phenomenon
deeply
ingrained
in
human
thinking,
shapes
our
perception
of
reality.
It
leads
individuals
to
favor
information
that
aligns
with
their
preexisting
beliefs
while
dismissing
or
undervaluing
the
contrary
evidence.
In
sport
science,
where
precision
and
evidence-based
practices
are
critical
aspects
optimize
performance,
confirmation
bias
can
decisively
impact
decision-making
processes.
this
context,
practitioners
rely
on
both
objective
subjective
data
be
interpreted
enhance
athletic
performance.
However,
introduces
subtle
yet
powerful
distortion,
which
is
difficult
control
quantify.
We
usually
believe
observations
justify
expectations
predictions
about
future
observations,
as
well
broader
generalizations
beyond
what
we
have
directly
observed—inductive
inferences.
Researchers
may
therefore
unknowingly
seek
out
evidence
confirms
beliefs,
inadvertently
overlooking
alternative
viewpoints
interpretations.
Conclusions
This
paper
explores
concept
providing
practical
examples
contexts
testing,
training,
monitoring.
By
understanding
how
operates
(ie,
heuristic
decision
making),
develop
strategies
mitigate
its
effects
promote
more
accurate
effective
making
science
(eg,
performance).
Systematic Reviews,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: March 15, 2025
Abstract
Background
Athlete
monitoring
has
become
an
important
aspect
of
demanding
indoor
team
sports
like
handball.
Monitoring
external
and
internal
load
well-being
should
help
coaches
to
optimize
management
recovery
strategies
improve
athletic
performance
maintain
athlete
health.
However,
there
is
a
large
variety
in
the
methods
described,
their
coherence,
effect
on
This
systematic
review
will
summarize
currently
used
monitor
during
training
competition
Methods
follow
current
Preferred
Reporting
Items
for
Systematic
reviews
Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA)
guidelines.
A
comprehensive
search
electronic
databases,
including
MEDLINE,
Embase,
Web
Science,
be
conducted
until
30
April
2024.
Original
articles
English,
German,
or
Spanish
that
assess
and/or
healthy
handball
players
considered.
In
addition,
backward
all
relevant
full-text
identified
through
conducted.
Two
reviewers
independently
perform
study
selection,
data
extraction,
risk-of-bias
assessment
included
studies.
Included
studies
assessed
risk
bias
using
Newcastle–Ottawa
scale.
It
anticipated
number
eligible
limited,
extracted
from
them
highly
heterogeneous.
Consequently,
narrative
synthesis
presented.
Discussion
provide
evidence
competitive
players.
The
results
may
assist
practitioners
implementing
monitoring.
We
share
our
findings
scientific
conferences,
educational
meetings
medical
staff,
expert
meetings,
publication
peer-reviewed
journal.
registration
PROSPERO
CRD42024540676.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: May 6, 2025
AbstractBackground:
Athlete
monitoring
is
becoming
increasingly
important
in
elite
team
sports
to
optimize
performance
and
prevent
injuries
other
athletic
health
problems.
A
variety
of
objective
subjective
measures
are
available
monitor
external
internal
load,
well-being,
readiness
train
or
compete.
comprehensive
Monitoring
System
(AMS)
should
include
a
meaningful
combination
these
methods
provide
analysis
graphical
presentation
with
decision
support
for
coaches.
The
selection
establish
an
AMS
influenced
not
only
by
sport-specific
considerations,
but
also
the
resources
available.
Our
study
aimed
describe
current
practice
athlete
professional
handball,
examine
potential
gender
differences.
Methods:
total
104
women's
(n
=
44)
men's
60)
handball
teams
competing
first
two
national
leagues
Germany
Switzerland
were
invited
participate
online
survey
(May-August
2024).
questionnaire
used
this
cross-sectional
was
designed
interdisciplinary
consisted
maximum
28
questions.
Mann-Whitney
U
test
differences
on
extent
following
sub-areas:
Injuries
illness
surveillance
(IIS);
load;
well-being
readiness.
Results:The
minimum
response
rate
34.6%
(19
teams,
17
teams).
An
IIS
performed
75.0%
responding
teams.
19
(52.8%)
conducted
further
monitoring,
84.2%
cases
AMS,
which
most
commonly
included
player
tracking
(13
out
15
using
load
measures)
Session-Rating
Perceived
Exertion-method
(11
measures),
customized
questionnaires
(10
18
measures).
Men's
engage
significantly
more
(94.7%
vs.
52.9%
p
=
.019,
δ
–.356),
(52.6%
11.8%
teams,
p
.003,
–.415)
(63.2%
29.4%
.015,
–.387).
Notably,
88.9%
interested
implementing
developing
AMS.
Conclusions:
findings
indicate
that
majority
already
use
some
form
IIS,
than
half
have
implemented
tracking,
measures.
apparent
high
level
interest
highlights
importance
data-driven
approaches
managing
performance,
although
bias
must
be
considered.
This
information
valuable
practitioners
seeking
implement
expand
handball.