Thermal bottlenecks in the life cycle define climate vulnerability of fish

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 369(6499), P. 65 - 70

Published: July 2, 2020

Some cope better than others Increasingly, research is revealing how organisms may, or may not, adapt to a changing climate. Understanding the limitations placed by species's physiology can help determine whether it has an immediate potential deal with rapid change. Many studies have looked at physiological tolerance climate change in fishes, results indicating range of responses. Dahlke et al. conducted meta-analysis explore life stage influence ability tolerate temperature (see Perspective Sunday). They found that embryos and breeding adult fishes are much more susceptible those other stages this factor must therefore be considered evaluations susceptibility. Science , issue p. 65 ; see also 35

Language: Английский

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Governing for Transformative Change across the Biodiversity–Climate–Society Nexus

BioScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 72(7), P. 684 - 704

Published: April 15, 2022

Abstract Transformative governance is key to addressing the global environmental crisis. We explore how transformative of complex biodiversity–climate–society interactions can be achieved, drawing on first joint report between Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change and Science-Policy Platform Biodiversity Ecosystem Services reflect current opportunities, barriers, challenges for governance. identify principles under a nexus frame using four case studies: forest ecosystems, marine urban environments, Arctic. The are focused creating conditions build multifunctional interventions, integration, innovation across scales; coalitions support; equitable approaches; positive social tipping dynamics. posit that building such not only possible but essential effectively keep climate change within desired 1.5 degrees Celsius mean temperature increase, halt ongoing accelerated decline biodiversity, promote human well-being.

Language: Английский

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Polar Regions

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 2319 - 2368

Published: June 22, 2023

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Language: Английский

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Climate change disrupts core habitats of marine species

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(12), P. 3304 - 3317

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

Driven by climate change, marine biodiversity is undergoing a phase of rapid change that has proven to be even faster than changes observed in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding how these species composition will affect future life crucial for conservation management, especially due increasing demands natural resources. Here, we analyse predictions multiparameter habitat suitability model covering the global projected ranges >33,500 from projections under three CO2 emission scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) up year 2100. Our results show core area decline many species, resulting net loss 50% almost half all 2100 high-emission scenario RCP8.5. As an additional consequence continuing distributional reorganization life, gaps around equator appear 8% (RCP2.6), 24% (RCP4.5), and 88% (RCP8.5) with cross-equatorial ranges. For more continuous disrupted, thus reducing effective population size. In addition, high invasion rates higher latitudes polar regions lead substantial ecosystem food web structure, particularly regarding introduction new predators. Overall, our study highlights degree spatial structural ensued consequences functionality efforts critically depend on realized greenhouse gas pathway.

Language: Английский

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Climate impacts on organisms, ecosystems and human societies: integrating OCLTT into a wider context

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 224(Suppl_1)

Published: Feb. 15, 2021

ABSTRACT Physiological studies contribute to a cause and effect understanding of ecological patterns under climate change identify the scope limits adaptation. Across most habitats, this requires analyzing organism responses warming, which can be modified by other drivers such as acidification oxygen loss in aquatic environments or excess humidity drought on land. Experimental findings support hypothesis that width temperature range thermal performance curves relate biogeographical range. Current warming causes shifts, hypothesized include constraints aerobic power budget turn are elicited limitations supply capacity relation demand. Different metabolic scopes involved may set borders both fundamental niche (at standard rate) realized routine rate). Relative for also species interact with others at ecosystem level. Niche widths shifting probably interdependent across life stages, young adults being least thermally vulnerable. The principles tolerance apply endotherms including humans, their habitat human society. Overall, phylogenetically based comparisons would need consider cycle well functional properties zones time scales. This Review concludes perspective how mechanism-based allows scrutinizing often simplified modeling approaches projecting future impacts risks terrestrial ecosystems. It emphasizes usefulness consensus-building process among experimentalists better recognition debate.

Language: Английский

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Climate change impacts on sea-ice ecosystems and associated ecosystem services

Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

A rigorous synthesis of the sea-ice ecosystem and linked services highlights that supports all 4 service categories, ecosystems meet criteria for ecologically or biologically significant marine areas, global emissions driving climate change are directly to demise its services, deserves specific attention in evaluation protected area planning. The outlines (1) supporting provided form habitat, including feeding grounds nurseries microbes, meiofauna, fish, birds mammals (particularly key species Arctic cod, Boreogadus saida, Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, which tightly transfer carbon from primary producers higher trophic level mammal humans); (2) provisioning through harvesting medicinal genetic resources; (3) cultural Indigenous local knowledge systems, identity spirituality, via activities, tourism research; (4) (climate) regulating light regulation, production biogenic aerosols, halogen oxidation release uptake greenhouse gases, example, dioxide. ongoing changes polar regions have strong impacts on associated services. While response sea-ice–associated environmental is regionally variable, effect ice-associated predominantly negative, subsequently impacting human both regions. Conservation can help protect some functions. However, mitigation measure slow transition a strictly seasonal ice cover Ocean, reduce overall loss habitats ocean, thus preserve unique by sea their contributions well-being reduction emissions.

Language: Английский

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The circumpolar impacts of climate change and anthropogenic stressors on Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and its ecosystem

Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) is the most abundant forage fish in Ocean. Here we review habitats, distribution, ecology, and physiology to assess how climate change other anthropogenic stressors are affecting this key species. This identifies vulnerabilities for different life stages across entire distribution range of cod. We explore impact environmental (abiotic biotic) on with a regional perspective scenario up year 2050 identify knowledge gaps constraining predictions. Epipelagic eggs larvae more vulnerable than adults. Increased water temperatures, sea-ice decline, altered freshwater input, acidification, changing prey field, increased interspecific competition, new predators, pollution principal that will affect populations. Detrimental effects likely be greater regions characterized by advection warmer Atlantic Pacific waters. In contrast, may benefit from ocean warming colder areas High Arctic. The risk fisheries moderate primarily limited bycatch. Overall, decrease suitable habitat an associated decline total biomass predicted. seas, relative abundance within community fluctuate accordance cold warm periods. A reduced negatively abundance, physiological condition certain whereas some predators successfully adapt boreal diet. Regional management measures recognize critical role required ensure activities do not exacerbate impacts marine ecosystems. Ultimately, mitigation loss only achieved through global reduction carbon emissions.

Language: Английский

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How qualitative approaches matter in climate and ocean change research: Uncovering contradictions about climate concern

Global Environmental Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 70, P. 102326 - 102326

Published: Sept. 1, 2021

There is growing acknowledgement of the need for both quantitative and qualitative methods to unravel complex human-environment interactions inform a more advanced move towards global sustainability. Nonetheless, still play an understated role in climate ocean change research. One important reason this are continuing tendencies natural sciences value 'hard' value-free approaches over 'soft' value-laden approaches. This paper argues that overcome such methodological reservations, it necessary not only about key characteristics research but also – has received little attention concrete empirical insights can be gained from as opposed data, despite sharing same focus. The environmental literature lacks relevant examples fieldwork explain detail how exactly decisive information elicited specific datasets, thereby illustrating matter. seeks help fill gap by demonstrating sceptical researchers necessity added integrating data highlighting impeding factors. done presenting findings adaptation Norwegian coastal fisheries elucidating different interview techniques reveal fishers who initially state they do worry actually worry, vice versa. Self-categorisation theory social psychology used better contradictory statements. Detecting salient masked concern understanding reasons behind crucial avoiding misleading conclusions effectively tailoring strategies requirements audiences.

Language: Английский

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Ecological impacts of climate change on Arctic marine megafauna

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(8), P. 773 - 783

Published: May 16, 2023

Global warming affects the Arctic more than any other region. Mass media constantly relay apocalyptic visions of climate change threatening wildlife, especially emblematic megafauna such as polar bears, whales, and seabirds. Yet, we are just beginning to understand ecological impacts on marine at scale Arctic. This knowledge is geographically taxonomically biased, with striking deficiencies in Russian strong focus exploited species cod. Beyond a synthesis scientific advances past 5 years, provide ten key questions be addressed by future work outline requested methodology. framework builds upon long-term monitoring inclusive local communities whilst capitalising high-tech big data approaches.

Language: Английский

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Pan‐Arctic distribution modeling reveals climate‐change‐driven poleward shifts of major gelatinous zooplankton species

Limnology and Oceanography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 69(6), P. 1316 - 1334

Published: May 15, 2024

Abstract Anthropogenic activities, including climate change, are hypothesized to cause increases in gelatinous zooplankton population sizes and blooms. In the most rapidly changing ecosystem, Arctic Ocean, this hypothesis has not yet been verified, is commonly excluded from large‐scale modeling studies. Our study based on an extensive biogeographic dataset, aggregating four open‐source databases (Ocean Biodiversity Information System, Global Facility, Jellyfish Database Initiative, PANGAEA). It includes data eight of reported taxa pan‐Arctic region ( Aglantha digitale , Sminthea arctica Periphylla periphylla Cyanea capillata Oikopleura vanhoeffeni Fritillaria borealis Mertensia ovum Beroe spp.). By coupling three‐dimensional species distribution models with oceanographic components Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI‐ESM1.2), run for historical (1950–2014) future (2050–2099) periods under shared socioeconomic pathway SSP370 scenario forcing, we identified expanding or contracting habitat ranges response change. projections indicated a general tendency distributions shift, varying degrees suitable expansion (largest scyphozoan C. ~ +180%) contraction hydrozoan Sm. −15%). Seven modeled, which—similar majority occurring Ocean—predominantly represented arcto‐boreal boreal taxa, projected shift northern latitudes. Hence, profound impacts marine environment associated ecosystem services can be expected.

Language: Английский

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