The multifaceted benefits of walking for healthy aging: from Blue Zones to molecular mechanisms

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(6), P. 3211 - 3239

Published: July 26, 2023

Abstract Physical activity, including walking, has numerous health benefits in older adults, supported by a plethora of observational and interventional studies. Walking decreases the risk or severity various outcomes such as cardiovascular cerebrovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment dementia, while also improving mental well-being, sleep, longevity. Dose-response relationships for walking duration intensity are established adverse outcomes. Walking’s favorable effects on factors attributed to its impact circulatory, cardiopulmonary, immune function. Meeting current physical activity guidelines briskly 30 min per day 5 days can reduce several age-associated diseases. Additionally, low-intensity exercise, exerts anti-aging helps prevent age-related making it powerful tool promoting healthy aging. This is exemplified lifestyles individuals Blue Zones, regions world with highest concentration centenarians. other activities contribute significantly longevity these regions, being an integral part their daily lives. Thus, incorporating into routines encouraging walking-based interventions be effective strategy aging all populations. The goal this review provide overview vast consistent evidence supporting specific focus discuss outcomes, prevention Furthermore, will delve molecular cellular mechanisms aging, providing insights underlying biological through which beneficial effects.

Language: Английский

---

Electroacupuncture improves swallowing function in a post-stroke dysphagia mouse model by activating the motor cortex inputs to the nucleus tractus solitarii through the parabrachial nuclei

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Abstract As a traditional medical therapy, stimulation at the Lianquan (CV23) acupoint, located depression superior to hyoid bone, has been shown be beneficial in dysphagia. However, little is known about neurological mechanism by which this peripheral approach treats for Here, we first identified cluster of excitatory neurons layer 5 (L5) primary motor cortex (M1) that can regulate swallowing function male mice modulating mylohyoid activity. Moreover, found focal ischemia M1 mimicked post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) pathology, as indicated impaired water consumption and electromyographic responses mylohyoid. This dysfunction could rescued electroacupuncture (EA) CV23 acupoint (EA-CV23) manner dependent on contralateral L5. Furthermore, neuronal activation both parabrachial nuclei (PBN) nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), was modulated M1, required ability EA-CV23 treatment improve PSD model mice. Together, these results uncover importance M1-PBN-NTS neural circuit driving protective effect against thus reveal potential strategy intervention.

Language: Английский

---

Autophagy dysfunction contributes to NLRP1 inflammasome-linked depressive-like behaviors in mice

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Abstract Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common but severe psychiatric illness characterized by mood and diminished interest. Both nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain-containing 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome autophagy have been reported to implicate in the pathological processes of depression. However, mechanistic interplay between NLRP1 inflammasome, autophagy, depression still poorly known. Methods Animal model was established chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Depressive-like behaviors were determined interaction test (SIT), sucrose preference (SPT), open field (OFT), forced swim (FST), tail-suspension (TST). The protein expression levels complexes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, phosphorylated-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K)/PI3K, phosphorylated-AKT (p-AKT)/AKT, phosphorylated-mechanistic target rapamycin (p-mTOR)/mTOR, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated-tyrosine kinase receptor B (p-TrkB)/TrkB, Bcl-2-associated X (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl2) cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3) examined western blotting. mRNA cytokines tested quantitative real-time PCR. proteins detected immunofluorescence coimmunoprecipitation. Neuronal injury assessed Nissl staining. autophagosomes visualized transmission electron microscopy. Nlrp1a knockdown performed using an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector containing –shRNA–eGFP infusion. Results CSDS exposure caused bidirectional change hippocampal function, which activated initial period impaired at later stage. In addition, increased p-PI3K, p-AKT p-mTOR time-dependent manner. Interestingly, immunoprecipitated with mTOR not PI3K/AKT facilitated immunoprecipitation them. Hippocampal inhibited activity PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, rescued ameliorated depressive-like behavior induced CSDS. rapamycin, inducer, abolished inflammasome-driven inflammatory reactions, alleviated exerted neuroprotective effect. Conclusions Autophagy dysfunction contributes inflammasome-linked mice regulation could be valuable therapeutic strategy for management

Language: Английский

---

Challenging Cognitive Load Theory: The Role of Educational Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence in Redefining Learning Efficacy

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 203 - 203

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Background/Objectives: This systematic review integrates Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), Educational Neuroscience (EdNeuro), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML) to examine their combined impact on optimizing learning environments. It explores how AI-driven adaptive systems, informed by neurophysiological insights, enhance personalized education for K-12 students adult learners. study emphasizes the role of Electroencephalography (EEG), Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), other tools in assessing cognitive states guiding AI-powered interventions refine instructional strategies dynamically. Methods: reviews n = 103 papers related integration principles CLT with AI ML educational settings. evaluates progress made neuroadaptive technologies, especially real-time management load, feedback multimodal applications AI. Besides that, this research examines key hurdles such as data privacy, ethical concerns, algorithmic bias, scalability issues while pinpointing best practices robust effective implementation. Results: The results show that significantly improve Efficacy due managing load automatically, providing instruction, adapting pathways dynamically based data. Deep models Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Recurrent (RNNs), Support Vector Machines (SVMs) classification accuracy, making systems more efficient scalable. Multimodal approaches system robustness mitigating signal variability noise-related limitations combining EEG fMRI, Electrocardiography (ECG), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR). Despite these advances, practical implementation challenges remain, including considerations, security risks, accessibility disparities across learner demographics. Conclusions: are epitomes redefinition potentials solid frameworks, inclusive design, scalable methodologies must inform. Future studies will be necessary refining pre-processing techniques, expanding variety datasets, advancing developing high-accuracy, affordable, ethically responsible systems. future AI-enhanced should inclusive, equitable, various populations would surmount technological dilemmas.

Language: Английский

---

A Review of Exercise-Induced Neuroplasticity in Ischemic Stroke: Pathology and Mechanisms

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 57(10), P. 4218 - 4231

Published: July 20, 2020

Language: Английский

---

White matter plasticity in healthy older adults: The effects of aerobic exercise

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 239, P. 118305 - 118305

Published: June 24, 2021

White matter deterioration is associated with cognitive impairment in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease. It critical to identify interventions that can slow down white deterioration. So far, clinical trials have failed demonstrate the benefits of aerobic exercise on adult using diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Here, we report effects a 6-month walking dance (clinical trial NCT01472744) integrity older adults (n = 180, 60–79 years) measured by changes ratio calibrated T1- T2-weighted images (T1w/T2w). Specifically, social resulted positive T1w/T2w signal late-myelinating regions, as compared widespread decreases active control. Notably, group, change correlated improved episodic memory performance. Lastly, intervention-induced increases cardiorespiratory fitness did not correlate signal. Together, our findings suggest regions are vulnerable retain some degree plasticity be induced training. In addition, provided evidence may useful broadly accessible measure for studying short-term within-person human matter.

Language: Английский

---

Molecular mechanisms of exercise contributing to tissue regeneration

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Nov. 30, 2022

Abstract Physical activity has been known as an essential element to promote human health for centuries. Thus, exercise intervention is encouraged battle against sedentary lifestyle. Recent rapid advances in molecular biotechnology have demonstrated that both endurance and resistance training, two traditional types of exercise, trigger a series physiological responses, unraveling the mechanisms regulating on body. Therefore, expected candidate approach alleviating wide range diseases, such metabolic neurodegenerative disorders, tumors, cardiovascular diseases. In particular, capacity tissue regeneration attracted attention many researchers recent decades. Since most adult organs weak regenerative capacity, it currently key challenge medicine improve efficiency regeneration. As research progresses, exercise-induced seems provide novel fighting injury or senescence, establishing strong theoretical basis more “exercise mimetics.” These drugs are acting pharmaceutical alternatives those individuals who cannot experience benefits exercise. Here, we comprehensively description diverse organs, mainly focusing musculoskeletal system, nervous system. We also discuss underlying associated with effects emerging therapeutic mimetics regeneration, well opportunities challenges. aim describe integrated perspective current distinct various facilitate development mimics

Language: Английский

---

Physical Exercise Prevented Stress‐Induced Anxiety via Improving Brain RNA Methylation

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(24)

Published: June 1, 2022

Abstract Physical exercise is effective in alleviating mental disorders by improving synaptic transmission; however, the link between body endurance training and neural adaptation has not yet been completely resolved. In this study, authors investigated role of RNA N 6 ‐methyladenosine (m6A), an emerging epigenetic mechanism, improved resilience against chronic restraint stress. A combination molecular, behavioral, vivo recording data demonstrates exercise‐mediated restoration m6A mouse medial prefrontal cortex, whose activity potentiated to exert anxiolytic effects. Furthermore, it revealed that hepatic biosynthesis one methyl donor necessary for improve brain counteract environmental This novel liver‐brain axis provides explanation network changes upon new insights into diagnosis treatment anxiety disorders.

Language: Английский

---

Running from Stress: Neurobiological Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Stress Resilience

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(21), P. 13348 - 13348

Published: Nov. 1, 2022

Chronic stress, even stress of a moderate intensity related to daily life, is widely acknowledged be predisposing or precipitating factor in neuropsychiatric diseases. There clear relationship between disturbances induced by stressful stimuli, especially long-lasting and cognitive deficits rodent models affective disorders. Regular physical activity has positive effect on the central nervous system (CNS) functions, contributes an improvement mood abilities (including memory learning), correlated with increase expression neurotrophic factors markers synaptic plasticity as well reduction inflammatory factors. Studies published so far show that energy challenge caused exercise can affect CNS improving cellular bioenergetics, stimulating processes responsible for removal damaged organelles molecules, attenuating inflammation processes. brings another important benefit: increased robustness. The evidence from animal studies sedentary lifestyle associated vulnerability, whereas physically active resilience. Here, we have performed comprehensive PubMed Search Strategy accomplishing exhaustive literature review. In this review, discuss findings experimental molecular neurobiological mechanisms underlying impact brain A thorough understanding neuroprotective potential preconditioning role resilience, among other things, may open further options prevention therapy treatment

Language: Английский

---

Late‐life physical activity relates to brain tissue synaptic integrity markers in older adults

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(11), P. 2023 - 2035

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Physical activity (PA) is widely recommended for age-related brain health, yet its neurobiology not well understood. Animal models indicate PA synaptogenic. We examined the relationship between and synaptic integrity markers in older adults.Four hundred four decedents from Rush Memory Aging Project completed annual actigraphy monitoring (Mean visits = 3.5±2.4) post mortem evaluation. Brain tissue was analyzed presynaptic proteins (synaptophysin, synaptotagmin-1, vesicle-associated membrane proteins, syntaxin, complexin-I, complexin-II), neuropathology. Models relationships late-life (averaged across visits), timing-specific (time to autopsy) with proteins.Greater associated higher protein levels (0.14 < β 0.20), except complexin-II (β 0.08). Relationships were independent of pathology but timing specific; participants who within 2 years measurements showed largest PA-to-synaptic associations (0.32 0.38). comparable regions sampled.PA associates a regionally global, time-linked nature adults.

Language: Английский

---