Diversity and evolution of cerebellar folding in mammals DOI Creative Commons
Katja Heuer, Nicolas Traut, Alexandra A. de Sousa

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

The process of brain folding is thought to play an important role in the development and organisation cerebrum cerebellum. study cerebellar challenging due small size abundance its folia. In consequence, little known about anatomical diversity evolution. We constituted open collection histological data from 56 mammalian species manually segmented developed methods measure geometry folia estimate thickness molecular layer. used phylogenetic comparative evolution relationship with anatomy cerebrum. Our results show that cerebral follows a stabilising selection process. observed two groups phenotypes changing concertedly through evolution: group 'diverse' - varying over several orders magnitude together body size, 'stable' less than 1 order across species. analyses confirmed strong correlation between volumes species, showed addition large cerebella are disproportionately more folded smaller ones. Compared extreme variations surface area, folial layer varied only slightly, showing much increase larger cerebella. discuss how these findings could provide new insights into folding, mechanisms their potential influence on

Language: Английский

The evolution of brain neuron numbers in amniotes DOI Creative Commons
Kristina Kverková, Lucie Marhounová, Alexandra Polonyiová

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(11)

Published: March 7, 2022

SignificanceThe evolution of brain processing capacity has traditionally been inferred from data on size. However, similarly sized brains distantly related species can differ in the number and distribution neurons, their basic computational units. Therefore, a finer-grained approach is needed to reveal evolutionary paths increased cognitive capacity. Using new, comprehensive dataset, we analyzed cellular composition across amniotes. Compared reptiles, mammals birds have dramatically neuron numbers telencephalon cerebellum, which are parts associated with higher cognition. Astoundingly, phylogenetic analysis suggests that as few four major changes neuron-brain scaling over 300 million years pave way intelligence endothermic land vertebrates.

Language: Английский

Citations

68
The economics of brain size evolution in vertebrates DOI Creative Commons
Sandra A. Heldstab, Karin Isler,

Sereina M. Graber

et al.

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(12), P. R697 - R708

Published: June 1, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

52
Neuron numbers link innovativeness with both absolute and relative brain size in birds DOI
Daniel Sol, Seweryn Olkowicz, Ferran Sayol

et al.

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(9), P. 1381 - 1389

Published: July 11, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

52
Brawn before brains in placental mammals after the end-Cretaceous extinction DOI
Ornella Bertrand, Sarah L. Shelley, Thomas E. Williamson

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 376(6588), P. 80 - 85

Published: March 31, 2022

Mammals are the most encephalized vertebrates, with largest brains relative to body size. Placental mammals have particularly enlarged brains, expanded neocortices for sensory integration, origins of which unclear. We used computed tomography scans newly discovered Paleocene fossils show that contrary convention mammal steadily over time, early placentals initially decreased their brain sizes because mass increased at a faster rate. Later in Eocene, multiple crown lineages independently acquired highly through marked growth regions. argue placental radiation emphasized increases size as extinction survivors filled vacant niches. Brains eventually became larger ecosystems saturated and competition intensified.

Language: Английский

Citations

51
Variable metabolic scaling breaks the law: from ‘Newtonian’ to ‘Darwinian’ approaches DOI Creative Commons
Douglas S. Glazier

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 289(1985)

Published: Oct. 19, 2022

Life's size and tempo are intimately linked. The rate of metabolism varies with body mass in remarkably regular ways that can often be described by a simple power function, where the scaling exponent (b, slope log-linear plot) is typically less than 1. Traditional theory based on physical constraints has assumed b 2/3 or 3/4, following natural law, but hundreds studies have documented extensive, systematic variation b. This overwhelming, law-breaking, empirical evidence causing paradigm shift metabolic methodology from 'Newtonian' to 'Darwinian' approaches. A new wave focuses adaptable regulation evolution scaling, as influenced diverse intrinsic extrinsic factors, according multiple context-dependent mechanisms, within boundary limits set constraints.

Language: Английский

Citations

49
Understanding the human brain: insights from comparative biology DOI

Alex R. DeCasien,

Robert A. Barton, James P. Higham

et al.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 432 - 445

Published: March 16, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

47
An energy costly architecture of neuromodulators for human brain evolution and cognition DOI Creative Commons
Gabriel Castrillón, Samira Epp, Antonia Bose

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(50)

Published: Dec. 13, 2023

In comparison to other species, the human brain exhibits one of highest energy demands relative body metabolism. It remains unclear whether this heightened demand uniformly supports an enlarged or if specific signaling mechanisms necessitate greater energy. We hypothesized that regional distribution will reveal strategies have contributed cognitive development. measured within functional connectome using multimodal imaging and found pathways in evolutionarily expanded regions up 67% higher energetic costs than those sensory-motor regions. Additionally, histology, transcriptomic data, molecular independently up-regulation at G-protein-coupled receptors energy-demanding Our findings indicate neuromodulator activity is predominantly involved functions, such as reading memory processing. This study suggests activity, alongside increased size, a crucial aspect evolution.

Language: Английский

Citations

39
From water to land: Evolution of photoreceptor circuits for vision in air DOI Creative Commons
Tom Baden

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. e3002422 - e3002422

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

When vertebrates first conquered the land, they encountered a visual world that was radically distinct from of their aquatic ancestors. Fish exploit strong wavelength-dependent interactions light with water by differentially feeding signals up to 5 spectral photoreceptor types into behavioural programmes. However, above same rules do not apply, and this called for an update circuit strategies. Early tetrapods soon evolved double cone, still poorly understood pair new photoreceptors brought “ancestral terrestrial” complement 7. Subsequent nonmammalian lineages adapted highly parallelised retinal input strategy diverse ecologies. By contrast, mammals shed most ancestral converged on is exceptionally general. In eutherian including in humans, parallelisation emerges gradually as signal traverses layers retina brain.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Co-evolutionary dynamics of mammalian brain and body size DOI Creative Commons
Chris Venditti, Joanna Baker, Robert A. Barton

et al.

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(8), P. 1534 - 1542

Published: July 8, 2024

Despite decades of comparative studies, puzzling aspects the relationship between mammalian brain and body mass continue to defy satisfactory explanation. Here we show that several such arise from routinely fitting log-linear models data: correlated evolution is in fact log-curvilinear. This simultaneously accounts for phenomena which diverse biological explanations have been proposed, notably variability scaling coefficients across clades, low encephalization larger species so-called taxon-level problem. Our model implies a need revisit previous findings about relative mass. Accounting true relationship, document dramatically varying rates phylogeny, resolve question whether there an overall trend increase through time. We find only three orders, by far strongest primates, setting stage uniquely rapid directional ultimately producing computational powers human brain.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Numerous independent gains of daily torpor and hibernation across endotherms, linked with adaptation to diverse environments DOI Creative Commons
Dimitrios ‐ Georgios Kontopoulos, Danielle L. Levesque, Michael Hiller

et al.

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Abstract Many endotherms from diverse taxonomic groups can respond to environmental changes through torpor, that is, by greatly reducing their energy expenditure for up 24 hours (daily torpor) or longer (hibernation). We currently have a poor understanding of how torpor evolved across and its associations with physiological traits ecological factors. To fill this gap, we thoroughly examine the evolutionary patterns links 21 key variables 1338 extant endotherms. find daily hibernation are parts an continuum, there several, albeit weak, between species' characteristics. Furthermore, show early endotherm ancestors likely did not hibernate trait multiple times in independent lineages. Overall, our results suggest remarkable variation cannot solely be attributed niches, but partly arises gains various clades. Read free Plain Language Summary article on Journal blog.

Language: Английский

Citations

1