The
neocortex
is
the
most
evolutionarily
advanced
part
of
mammalian
brain
and
responsible
for
a
multitude
important
tasks,
such
as
sensory
processing,
movement,
memory
learning
and,
in
humans,
cognition,
language.
Within
neocortex,
there
are
intricate
circuits
neurons
that
these
tasks.
These
comprised
delicate
balance
excitatory
inhibitory
neurons.
Inhibitory
interneurons
have
crucial
role
constraining
controlling
amount
excitation
brain;
disruptions
this
can
lead
to
number
neuropsychiatric
diseases
disorders.
Our
studies
focused
on
subpopulation
somatostatin-containing
(SOM)
interneurons,
which
known
be
processing.
Cell Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
43(4), P. 114059 - 114059
Published: April 1, 2024
Thalamocortical
loops
have
a
central
role
in
cognition
and
motor
control,
but
precisely
how
they
contribute
to
these
processes
is
unclear.
Recent
studies
showing
evidence
of
plasticity
thalamocortical
synapses
indicate
for
the
thalamus
shaping
cortical
dynamics
through
learning.
Since
signals
undergo
compression
from
cortex
thalamus,
we
hypothesized
that
computational
depends
critically
on
structure
corticothalamic
connectivity.
To
test
this,
identified
optimal
promotes
biologically
plausible
learning
synapses.
We
found
projections
specialized
communicate
an
efference
copy
output
benefit
while
communicating
modes
highest
variance
working
memory
tasks.
analyzed
neural
recordings
mice
performing
grasping
delayed
discrimination
tasks
communication
consistent
with
predictions.
These
results
suggest
orchestrates
functionally
precise
manner
structured
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: Oct. 26, 2023
Motor
learning
is
crucial
for
the
survival
of
many
animals.
Acquiring
a
new
motor
skill
involves
complex
alterations
in
both
local
neural
circuits
brain
regions
and
long-range
connections
between
them.
Such
changes
can
be
observed
anatomically
functionally.
The
primary
cortex
(M1)
integrates
information
from
diverse
plays
pivotal
role
acquisition
refinement
skills.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
how
affects
M1
at
synaptic,
cellular,
circuit
levels.
Wherever
applicable,
attempt
to
relate
compare
findings
humans,
non-human
primates,
rodents.
Understanding
underlying
principles
shared
by
different
species
will
deepen
our
understanding
neurobiological
computational
basis
learning.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
379(1906)
Published: June 10, 2024
Rodents
actively
learn
new
motor
skills
for
survival
in
reaction
to
changing
environments.
Despite
the
classic
view
of
primary
cortex
(M1)
as
a
simple
muscle
relay
region,
it
is
now
known
play
significant
role
skill
acquisition.
The
secondary
(M2)
reported
be
crucial
region
learning
well
its
execution
and
planning.
Although
these
two
regions
are
part
they
learning,
direct
connection
synaptic
correlates
between
remains
elusive.
Here,
we
confirm
M2
M1
connectivity
with
series
tracing
experiments.
We
also
show
that
accelerating
rotarod
task
successfully
induces
acquisition
mice.
For
mice
underwent
training,
learner
showed
increased
density
spine
head
size
synapses
activated
cell
populations
M1.
Non-learner
did
not
changes.
Collectively,
data
suggest
potential
importance
plasticity
mechanism
learning.
This
article
discussion
meeting
issue
‘Long-term
potentiation:
50
years
on’.
Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
99(8), P. 254 - 305
Published: Oct. 10, 2023
Recent
research
extends
our
understanding
of
brain
processes
beyond
just
action
potentials
and
chemical
transmissions
within
neural
circuits,
emphasizing
the
mechanical
forces
generated
by
excitatory
synapses
on
dendritic
spines
to
modulate
presynaptic
function.
From
in
vivo
vitro
studies,
we
outline
five
central
principles
synaptic
mechanics
function:
P1:
Stability
-
Underpinning
integral
relationship
between
structure
function
spine
synapses.
P2:
Extrinsic
dynamics
Highlighting
synapse-selective
structural
plasticity
which
plays
a
crucial
role
Hebbian
associative
learning,
distinct
from
pathway-selective
long-term
potentiation
(LTP)
depression
(LTD).
P3:
Neuromodulation
Analyzing
G-protein-coupled
receptors,
particularly
dopamine
time-sensitive
modulation
learning
frameworks
such
as
Pavlovian
classical
conditioning
Thorndike's
reinforcement
(RL).
P4:
Instability
Addressing
intrinsic
memory
management
during
continual
spotlighting
their
"spine
dysgenesis"
associated
with
mental
disorders.
P5:
Mechanics
Exploring
how
influence
both
sides
establish
traces
short-
memory,
thereby
aiding
integration
functions.
We
also
delve
into
historical
background
foresee
impending
challenges.
