Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(23)
Published: June 8, 2023
To
navigate
in
complex
and
unstructured
real-world
environments,
soft
miniature
robots
need
to
possess
multiple
functions,
including
autonomous
environmental
sensing,
self-adaptation,
multimodal
locomotion.
However,
achieve
multifunctionality,
artificial
should
respond
stimuli,
which
can
be
achieved
by
multimaterial
integration
using
facile
flexible
fabrication
methods.
Here,
a
strategy
for
fabricating
millirobots
that
uses
electrodeposition
integrate
two
inherently
non-adherable
materials,
superhydrophilic
hydrogels
superhydrophobic
elastomers,
together
via
gel
roots
is
proposed.
This
approach
enables
the
authors
electrodeposit
sodium
alginate
hydrogel
onto
laser-induced
graphene-coated
elastomer,
then
laser
cut
into
various
shapes
function
as
multi-stimuli-responsive
(MSRs).
Each
MSR
six
different
stimuli
autonomously
transform
their
shapes,
mimic
flowers,
vines,
mimosas,
flytraps.
It
demonstrated
MSRs
climb
slopes,
switch
locomotion
modes,
self-adapt
between
air-liquid
transport
cargo
environments.
creating
untethered
have
such
self-propulsion,
paving
way
future
operation
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
124(2), P. 455 - 553
Published: Jan. 4, 2024
In
the
era
of
Internet-of-things,
many
things
can
stay
connected;
however,
biological
systems,
including
those
necessary
for
human
health,
remain
unable
to
connected
global
Internet
due
lack
soft
conformal
biosensors.
The
fundamental
challenge
lies
in
fact
that
electronics
and
biology
are
distinct
incompatible,
as
they
based
on
different
materials
via
functioning
principles.
particular,
body
is
curvilinear,
yet
typically
rigid
planar.
Recent
advances
design
have
generated
tremendous
opportunities
wearable
bioelectronics,
which
may
bridge
gap,
enabling
ultimate
dream
healthcare
anyone,
anytime,
anywhere.
We
begin
with
a
review
historical
development
healthcare,
indicating
significant
trend
healthcare.
This
followed
by
focal
point
discussion
about
new
design,
particularly
low-dimensional
nanomaterials.
summarize
material
types
their
attributes
designing
bioelectronic
sensors;
we
also
cover
synthesis
fabrication
methods,
top-down,
bottom-up,
combined
approaches.
Next,
discuss
energy
challenges
progress
made
date.
addition
front-end
devices,
describe
back-end
machine
learning
algorithms,
artificial
intelligence,
telecommunication,
software.
Afterward,
integration
systems
been
applied
various
testbeds
real-world
settings,
laboratories
preclinical
clinical
environments.
Finally,
narrate
remaining
conjunction
our
perspectives.
European Polymer Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
205, P. 112718 - 112718
Published: Jan. 2, 2024
In
the
contemporary
era,
novel
manufacturing
technologies
like
additive
(AM)
have
revolutionized
different
engineering
sectors
including
biomedical,
aerospace,
electronics,
etc.
Four-dimensional
(4D)
printing
aka
AM
of
smart
materials
is
gaining
popularity
among
scientific
community,
which
has
excellent
ability
to
make
soft
structures
such
as
robots,
actuators,
and
grippers.
These
are
developed
by
applying
various
stimuli
pH,
temperature,
magnetic
field,
many
combinations
onto
materials.
Stimuli
in
3D
permit
shape-morphing
behaviors
bending,
twisting,
folding,
swelling,
rolling,
shrinking,
origami,
or
locomotion.
A
wide
variety
can
be
fabricated
through
incorporation
hard
particles
into
resulting
magneto-active
(MASMs).
With
this
integration,
magneto-thermal
coupling
actuation
allows
diverse
magneto-deformations,
facilitating
development
personalized
devices
that
capable
enhanced
deformation.
review,
guidelines
provided
on
for
MASMs
polymers
(MAPs),
composites,
hydrogels
(MAHs)
booming
flexible
wearable
biomimetic
devices.
Moreover,
3D-printed
robotics
an
outstanding
capacity
adapt
complicated
situations
advanced
actuating
applications.
Finally,
some
current
challenges
emerging
areas
exciting
technology
been
proposed.
Lastly,
it
anticipated
technological
advancements
developing
intelligent
will
a
significant
impact
design
real-world
Advanced Intelligent Systems,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
5(6)
Published: March 1, 2023
The
magnetic
field
has
unique
advantages
in
manipulating
miniature
robots
working
inside
the
human
body,
such
as
high
transparency
to
biological
tissue
and
good
controllability
for
generation.
Generally,
actuated
robot
can
be
classified
into
two
categories:
tethered
devices
like
intravascular
microcatheters
untethered
helical
swimmers.
Among
these,
have
a
long
history
clinical
application
prospects,
considering
their
high‐dose
delivery
easy
removal
after
procedure.
As
an
evolution
of
traditional
continuum
medical
devices,
integration
with
actuation
provides
them
better
scalability
improved
dexterity.
Although
rapidly
developed
last
decades,
requires
further
advancements
terms
design,
fabrication,
modeling,
control,
especially
applications.
Herein,
recent
progress
magnetically
is
focused
on,
intending
offer
readers
comprehensive
survey
state‐of‐the‐art
technologies
information
collection
future
system
design.
Advanced Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
35(45)
Published: July 12, 2023
Liquid
crystal
elastomers
(LCE)
and
magnetic
soft
materials
are
promising
active
in
many
emerging
fields,
such
as
robotics.
Despite
the
high
demand
for
developing
that
combine
advantages
of
LCE
actuation,
lack
independent
programming
nematic
order
magnetization
a
single
material
still
hinders
desired
multi-responsiveness.
In
this
study,
ferromagnetic
(magLCE)
ink
with
is
developed
can
be
independently
programmed
to
anisotropic,
referred
"dual
anisotropy",
via
customized
3D-printing
platform.
The
magLCE
fabricated
by
dispersing
microparticles
matrix,
platform
created
integrating
magnet
3-DoF
motion
into
an
extrusion-based
3D
printer.
addition
magLCEs
also
actuated
heating
sources
(either
environmental
or
photo-heating
embedded
microparticles)
energy
density
tunable
actuation
temperature.
A
strip
robot
demonstrated
enhanced
adaptability
complex
environments
(different
terrains,
temperatures)
using
multi-actuation
strategy.
has
potential
applications
mechanical
memory,
multistable
metastructure
array
remote
writability
stable
memory.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(44)
Published: July 6, 2023
Abstract
Flexible
sensing
technologies
that
play
a
pivotal
role
in
endowing
robots
with
detection
capabilities
and
monitoring
their
motions
are
impulsively
desired
for
intelligent
robotics
systems.
However,
integrating
constructing
reliable
sustainable
flexible
sensors
multifunctionality
remains
an
everlasting
challenge.
Herein,
entirely
intrinsic
self‐healing,
stretchable,
attachable
multimodal
sensor
is
developed
can
be
conformally
integrated
soft
to
identify
diverse
signals.
The
dynamic
bonds
cross‐linked
networks
including
the
insulating
polymer
conductive
hydrogel
good
comprehensive
performances
designed
fabricate
prolonged
lifespan
improved
reliability.
Benefiting
from
self‐adhesiveness
of
hydrogel,
strong
interfacial
bonding
formed
on
various
surfaces,
which
promotes
conformable
integration
robots.
Due
ionic
transportation
mechanism,
detect
strain
temperature
based
piezoresistive
thermoresistive
effect,
respectively.
Moreover,
work
triboelectric
mode
achieve
self‐powered
sensing.
Various
information
identified
electrical
signals
generated
by
sensor,
hand
gestures,
robot
crawling
motions,
message
code,
objects,
type
materials,
holding
great
promise
fields
environmental
detection,
wearable
devices,
human‐machine
interfacing,
robotics.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(31)
Published: April 14, 2023
Abstract
Magnetic
soft
robots
capable
of
wirelessly
controlled
programmable
deformation
and
locomotion
are
desirable
for
diverse
applications.
Such
multi‐variable
actuation
ideally
requires
a
polymer
matrix
with
well‐defined
range
softness
stretchability
(Young's
modulus
0.1–10
MPa,
high
>200%).
However,
this
defined
mechanical
excludes
most
candidates,
leaving
only
limited
number
available
polymers
(e.g.,
PDMS,
Ecoflex)
covalently
cross‐linked
networks
that
may
lead
to
non‐recyclable
further
potential
threats
environment.
Herein,
based
on
the
synergistic
effects
reduced
cross‐linking
density
intermolecular
hydrogen
bonding,
dynamic
covalent
polyimine
is
newly
designed
as
magnetic
microparticles
fillers,
integrate
stretchability,
full
chemical
recyclability,
rapid
room‐temperature
healability
multimodal
into
single
robot.
The
stretchable
enough
process
in
various
geometries
by
simple
laser
cutting,
without
need
pre‐design
geometry
suit
target
scenarios.
Through
cyclic
depolymerization/repolymerization,
recycling
restores
100%
robots’
properties
deformability/mobility
their
original
level
within
seconds
heals
quickly
minutes
when
damaged,
facilitating
ideal
material
economy
ACS Nano,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
17(22), P. 23032 - 23045
Published: Nov. 8, 2023
Untethered
soft
robots
have
attracted
growing
attention
due
to
their
safe
interaction
with
living
organisms,
good
flexibility,
and
accurate
remote
control.
However,
the
materials
involved
are
often
nonbiodegradable
or
derived
from
nonrenewable
resources,
leading
serious
environmental
problems.
Here,
we
report
a
biomass-based
multistimuli-responsive
actuator
based
on
cuttlefish
ink
nanoparticles
(CINPs),
wood-derived
cellulose
nanofiber
(CNF),
bioderived
polylactic
acid
(PLA).
Taking
advantage
of
photothermal
conversion
performance
exceptionally
hygroscopic
sensitivity
CINPs/CNF
composite
(CICC)
layer
opposite
thermally
induced
deformation
behavior
between
CICC
PLA
layer,
exhibits
reversible
behaviors
under
near-infrared
(NIR)
light,
humidity,
temperature
stimuli,
respectively.
By
introducing
patterned
alignment
structures
combining
them
macroscopic
reassembly
strategy,
diverse
programmable
shape-morphing
2D
3D
such
as
letter-shape,
coiling,
self-folding,
more
sophisticated
deformations
been
demonstrated.
All
these
can
be
successfully
predicted
by
finite
element
analysis
(FEA)
.
Furthermore,
this
has
further
applied
an
untethered
grasping
robot,
weightlifting
climbing
robot
capable
vertical
pole.
Such
actuators
consisting
entirely
biodegradable
will
offer
sustainable
future
for
robots.
Advanced Functional Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
34(29)
Published: April 15, 2024
Abstract
Soft
robots
have
recently
attracted
increasing
interest
due
to
their
advantages
in
durability,
flexibility,
and
deformability,
which
enable
them
adapt
unstructured
environments
perform
various
complex
tasks.
Perception
is
crucial
for
soft
robots.
To
better
mimic
biological
systems,
sensors
need
be
integrated
into
robotic
systems
obtain
both
proprioceptive
external
perception
effective
usage.
This
review
summarizes
the
latest
advancements
flexible
sensing
feedback
technologies
applications.
It
begins
with
an
introduction
development
of
robots,
followed
by
in‐depth
exploration
smart
materials
advanced
manufacturing
methods.
A
detailed
description
modalities
methodologies
also
included
illustrate
continuous
breakthrough
technology.
In
addition,
applications
based
on
these
are
concluded
as
well.
The
challenges
promising
solutions
finally
discussed
analyzed
provide
a
prospect
future
development.
By
examining
recent
advances
intelligent
technologies,
this
dedicated
highlighting
potential
robotics
motivating
innovation
within
field.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: April 25, 2024
Abstract
Soft
actuators
produce
the
mechanical
force
needed
for
functional
movements
of
soft
robots,
but
they
suffer
from
critical
drawbacks
since
previously
reported
often
rely
on
electrical
wires
or
pneumatic
tubes
power
supply,
which
would
limit
potential
usage
robots
in
various
practical
applications.
In
this
article,
we
review
new
types
untethered
that
represent
breakthroughs
and
discuss
future
perspective
actuators.
We
materials
innovative
strategies
gave
rise
to
deliver
our
challenges
opportunities
future-generation
