‘Our Roots Run Deep’: Historical Myths as Culturally Evolved Technologies for Coalitional Recruitment

Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 44

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Abstract One of the most remarkable manifestations social cohesion in large-scale entities is belief a shared, distinct and ancestral past. Human communities around world take pride their roots, commemorate long history shared experiences, celebrate distinctiveness historical trajectory. Why do humans put so much effort into celebrating long-gone past? Integrating insights from evolutionary psychology, anthropology, political science, cultural economy, we show that success myths driven by specific adaptive challenge for humans: need to recruit coalitional support engage large scale collective action prevail conflicts. By showcasing cooperation these serve as super-stimuli, activating features cognition drawing attention cues fitness interdependence. In this account, can spread within population without requiring group-level selection, individuals have vested interest propagation strong psychological motivations create them. Finally, framework explains, not only design-features myths, but also important patterns cross-cultural prevalence, inter-individual distribution, particular content.

Language: Английский

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Dynamic indirect reciprocity: When is indirect reciprocity bounded by group membership?

Evolution and Human Behavior, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44(4), P. 373 - 383

Published: June 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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Indirect reciprocity undermines indirect reciprocity destabilizing large-scale cooperation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(19)

Published: April 29, 2024

Previous models suggest that indirect reciprocity (reputation) can stabilize large-scale human cooperation [K. Panchanathan, R. Boyd, Nature 432 , 499–502 (2004)]. The logic behind these and experiments [J. Gross et al. Sci. Adv. 9 eadd8289 (2023) O. P. Hauser, A. Hendriks, D. G. Rand, M. Nowak, Rep. 6 36079 (2016)] is a strategy in which individuals conditionally aid others based on their reputation for engaging costly cooperative behavior serves as punishment incentivizes without the second-order free-rider problem. However, fail to account belonging multiple groups with reputations be conflict. Here, we extend such belong smaller, “local” group embedded within larger, “global” group. This introduces competing strategies aiding local or global Our analyses reveal smaller undermine larger group, even when theoretical maximum payoffs are higher model reveals alone insufficient stabilizing because at one scale considered defection another. These results deepen puzzle of cooperation.

Language: Английский

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How we manage medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

European journal of medical research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(1)

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Bone-modifying agents (BMAs) are integral to managing patients with advanced cancer. They improve quality of survival by reducing skeletal-related events, treating hypercalcaemia and chemotherapy-induced bone loss (Coleman in Clin Cancer Res 12: 6243s-6249s, 2006), Ann Oncol 31: 1650-1663, 2020). Two decades ago, medication-related osteonecrosis the jaw (MRONJ) was first reported following BMA therapy (Marx J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61: 1115-1117, 2003). The risk MRONJ extends over a decade treatment bisphosphonates, complicating dental care such as extractions. In addition, has been additional therapies antiangiogenic agents, cytotoxic immunotherapy, targeted agents. use BMAs curative adjuvant cancer setting is increasing, consequently implication growing. Over past 20 years, literature consolidated major factors for MRONJ, pathophysiology management strategies MRONJ. Our review aims document development preventative receiving BMA. authors advocate incorporation oncology into contemporary care, optimise long-term after treatment.

Language: Английский

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Group Formation and the Evolution of Human Social Organization

Perspectives on Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 320 - 334

Published: July 14, 2023

Humans operate in groups that are oftentimes nested multilayered collectives such as work units within departments and companies, neighborhoods cities, regions nation states. With psychological science mostly focusing on proximate reasons for individuals to join existing how function, we still poorly understand why form ex nihilo, evolve into complex social structures, what explains fission–fusion dynamics. Here address group formation the evolution of organization at both ultimate level analysis. Building models fitness interdependence cooperation, propose socioecologies can create positive interdependencies among strangers pave way stable coalitions through reciprocity reputation-based partner selection. Such marked by in-group bounded, parochial cooperation together with an array institutions managing commons, allowing scale size complexity while avoiding breakdown cooperation. Our analysis reveals distinct cultures endogenously emerge from reciprocal shows identification commitment likely consequences rather than causes when intergroup relations gravitate toward peaceful coexistence, integration, or conflict.

Language: Английский

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Free mobility across group boundaries promotes intergroup cooperation

Communications Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Jan. 25, 2025

Abstract Group cooperation is a cornerstone of human society, enabling achievements that surpass individual capabilities. However, groups also define and restrict who benefits from cooperative actions does not, raising the question how to foster across group boundaries. This study investigates impact voluntary mobility boundaries on intergroup cooperation. Participants, organized into two groups, decided whether create for themselves, members, or everyone. In each round, they were paired with another participant could reward other’s during an ‘enforcement stage’, allowing indirect reciprocity. line our preregistered hypothesis, when participants interacted only in-group reciprocity enforced cooperation, while declined. Conversely, higher emerged forced interact solely out-group members. Crucially, in free-mobility treatment – where choose meet member enforcement stage was significantly than even though most endogenously chose A few ‘mobile individuals’ sufficient enforce by selectively choosing transcend These findings highlight importance free overcoming limitations

Language: Английский

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Cooperation beyond group boundaries is evaluated differently depending on the existence of intergroup competition

Frontiers in Behavioral Economics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: March 7, 2025

Do reputational mechanisms hinder or promote cooperation beyond group boundaries? This study explores the possibility that individuals lose benefits within their when they cooperate boundaries. We examined evaluations of those who cooperated only with ingroup members (i.e., favoring strategy) and both outgroup universalistic by manipulating existence intergroup competition through an incentivized behavioral experiment. The results show individuals' reputations were evaluated differently depending on conditions. In competitive condition, strategy was more positively than strategy. non-competitive as dynamics indirect reciprocity are less likely to boundaries, particularly in competition.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary game dynamics of index insurance with refund or non-refund risk sharing mechanism

Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(5)

Published: May 1, 2025

Index insurance, by utilizing preset indices, effectively mitigates the moral hazards and adverse selection inherent in traditional insurance. Yet, mismatch between these indices actual losses, known as basis risk, severely hinders its broader adoption. The existing study has proposed a risk sharing mechanism, which individuals who have not suffered losses but received compensation assist those compensation. Nonetheless, due to individual profit-seeking behavior, this mechanism is difficult implement practice. In study, we construct threshold-discounted index insurance game model including new mechanisms. model, purchasing are required contribute pool compensate facing risk. We analyze two mechanisms for handling funds: refund non-refund depending on whether funds returned policyholders when no occurs. find that low remains key sale of under both Moreover, with an appropriate ratio, introduction significantly increases adoption stronger capability, proves more popular. Additionally, larger group sizes or lower collective thresholds can enhance stability aid capacity pool, thereby further increasing rates. Finally, companies should accurately assess aversion level population, it also factor affecting sales.

Language: Английский

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Indirect reciprocity can foster large-scale cooperation

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(27)

Published: June 24, 2024

Emotions coordinate our behavior and physiological states during survival-salient events pleasurable interactions. Even though we are often consciously aware of current emotional state, such as anger or happiness, the mechanisms giving ...Emotions felt in body, somatosensory feedback has been proposed to trigger conscious experiences. Here reveal maps bodily sensations associated with different emotions using a unique topographical self-report method. In ...

Language: Английский

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Cooperation driven by alike interactions in presence of social viscosity

Chaos An Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(7)

Published: July 1, 2023

Cooperation observed in nearly all living systems, ranging from human and animal societies down to the scale of bacteria populations, is an astounding process through which individuals act together for mutual benefits. Despite being omnipresent, mechanism behind emergence existence cooperation populations selfish has been a puzzle exceedingly crucial investigate. A number mechanisms have put forward explain stability last years. In this work, we explore evolution alike (assortative) interactions subject social viscosity terms zealous individuals. We present comprehensive study on how finite fraction these committed minorities both cooperators defectors govern evolutionary game dynamics where among with same strategy are more probable than random interactions. perform detailed analysis concerning synergy between interaction opposing scrutinize three principal dilemmas, namely, prisoner's dilemma, stag-hunt, snowdrift game, under such setting. successful delineate scenario theoretically based upon generalized replicator well-mixed regime.

Language: Английский

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