Comparative spatial transcriptomic profiling of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Delta and Omicron variants infections in the lungs of cynomolgus macaques DOI Creative Commons
Taehwan Oh, Green Kim, Seung Ho Baek

et al.

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(6)

Published: June 1, 2023

Abstract Recently emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) Omicron variants are generally less pathogenic than previous strains. However, elucidating the molecular basis for pulmonary immune response alterations is challenging owing to virus's heterogeneous distribution within complex tissue structure. Here, we revealed spatial transcriptomic profiles of microstructures at SARS‐CoV‐2 infection site in nine cynomolgus macaques upon inoculation with Delta and variants. Delta‐ Omicron‐infected lungs had upregulation genes involved inflammation, cytokine response, complement, cell damage, proliferation, differentiation pathways. Depending on (alveoli, bronchioles, blood vessels), there were differences types significantly upregulated each pathway. Notably, a limited number damage differentially expressed between bronchioles Omicron‐infection groups. These results indicated that despite significant antigenic shift SARS‐CoV‐2, host mechanisms induced by relatively consistent, transcriptional observed only large airways. This study may aid understanding pathogenesis developing clinical strategy addressing dysregulation identifying potential biomarkers during

Language: Английский

Aerosol delivery of SARS-CoV-2 human monoclonal antibodies in macaques limits viral replication and lung pathology DOI Creative Commons
Daniel N. Streblow, Alec J. Hirsch,

Jeffrey J. Stanton

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

Abstract Passively administered monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) given before or after viral infection can prevent blunt disease. Here, we examine the efficacy of aerosol mAb delivery to and disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant via intranasal intratracheal routes. SARS-CoV-2 human mAbs a directed syncytial virus (RSV) are nebulized delivered using positive airflow facemask sedated pre- post-infection. Nebulized detectable nasal, oropharyngeal, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. treatment significantly reduces levels RNA infectious upper lower tracts relative controls. Reductions lung BAL correspond reduced inflammatory cytokines pathology. Aerosolized antibody therapy for could be effective reducing burden limiting severity.

Language: Английский

Citations

12
Surveillance and characterization of avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza viruses in 2021 in China DOI Creative Commons
Mingyue Chen, Rui Wang, Ying Pei

et al.

One Health Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Abstract Avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) is one of the most prevalent subtypes in dogs worldwide. Previous studies have shown that during evolution CIV dogs, its adaptability mammals increased gradually, suggesting can serve as a potential intermediate host for cross-species transmission avian virus. In this study, we report results from surveillance and characterization CIVs isolated animal hospitals kennels 2021 China. We characterized CIVs’ genetic antigenic variation, receptor-binding specificity, virulence mice. The hemagglutinin (HA) phylogenetic result showed these belonged to Clade 5.1, clade formed after 2019. Compared 2016–2019 strains China, had similar antigenicity specificity. pathogenicity mice was significantly reduced infection with two strains, but replication capacity similar, virus-host balance might been established. This emphasizes importance close monitoring prevent emergence novel viruses public health threats.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Micro-patterned culture of iPSC-derived alveolar and airway cells distinguishes SARS-CoV-2 variants DOI Creative Commons

Atsushi Masui,

Rina Hashimoto, Yasufumi Matsumura

et al.

Stem Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 545 - 561

Published: March 28, 2024

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants necessitated a rapid evaluation system for their pathogenesis. Lung epithelial cells are entry points; however, in addition to limited source, the culture human alveolar is especially complicated. Induced pluripotent stem (iPSCs) an alternative source primary cells. Here, we report model distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 at high resolution, using separately induced iPSC-derived and airway micro-patterned plates. position-specific signals apical-out type 2 multiciliated periphery center colonies, respectively. infection studies each lineage enabled profiling pathogenesis variants: efficiency, tropism lineages, responses. These results indicate that this suitable predicting emergent variants.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Immunobiology of COVID-19: Mechanistic and therapeutic insights from animal models DOI Open Access

Hong‐Yi Zheng,

Tian‐Zhang Song,

Yong‐Tang Zheng

et al.

动物学研究, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(4), P. 747 - 766

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The distribution of the immune system throughout body complicates

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Changes in the spectrum of ocular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic in late 2022 in the Hubei Province DOI Creative Commons
Qing Bao,

Yanru Shen,

Zhiwei Zheng

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

We aimed to investigate changes in the ocular disease spectrum during coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic late 2022 Hubei Province. This retrospective observational study was conducted two parts. The first part involved collecting COVID-19-related information from residents of Province through an online questionnaire survey. second extracting electronic medical records ophthalmology outpatient departments at hospitals and epidemic prevention control periods, analyzing diseases. In part, 31.65% patients with systemic symptoms COVID-19 experienced discomfort. most common were eye fatigue, pain dry eye. 76.5% who visited ophthalmic clinic had period. proportion cornea/keratitis, glaucoma/acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) vitreoretinal disease/retinal vein obstruction (RVO)/acute macular neuroretinalpathy (AMN) increased markedly Additionally, number under 18 years over 60 decreased significantly compared same age groups pre- & post-pandemic. has led certain diseases, which warrants attention ophthalmologists.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Translational research on pandemic virus infection using nonhuman primate models DOI
Hirohito Ishigaki, Yasushi Itoh

Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 110511 - 110511

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Divergent trajectory of replication and intrinsic pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron post-BA.2/5 subvariants in the upper and lower respiratory tract DOI Creative Commons
Bingjie Hu, Jasper Fuk‐Woo Chan, Yuanchen Liu

et al.

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 99, P. 104916 - 104916

Published: Dec. 15, 2023

Earlier Omicron subvariants including BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5 emerged in waves, with a subvariant replacing the previous one every few months. More recently, post-BA.2/5 have acquired convergent substitutions spike that facilitated their escape from humoral immunity gained ACE2 binding capacity. However, intrinsic pathogenicity replication fitness of evaluated are not fully understood.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Clinical characteristics and host immunity responses of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.2 with deletion of ORF7a, ORF7b and ORF8 DOI Creative Commons

Tang Zhi-zhong,

Pei Yu,

Qianfang Guo

et al.

Virology Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: May 29, 2023

Abstract Background The pathogenicity and virulence of the Omicron strain have weakened significantly pathogenesis variants. Accumulating data indicated accessory proteins play crucial roles in host immune evasion virus SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, impact simultaneous deletion protein ORF7a, ORF7b ORF8 on clinical characteristics specific immunity breakthrough infected patients (BIPs) need to be verified. Methods Herein, plasma cytokines were identified using a commercial Multi-cytokine detection kit. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay pseudovirus neutralization assays utilized determine titers SARS-CoV-2 binding antibodies neutralizing antibodies, respectively. In addition, an enzyme-linked immunospot was used quantify T cells memory B cells. Results A local COVID-19 outbreak caused by BA.2 variant, which featured 871 base pairs (∆871 BA.2), resulting removal ORF7b, ORF8. We found that hospitalized with ∆871 had shorter hospital stays than those wild-type (WT) BA.2. Plasma cytokine levels both WT within normal range reference, there no notable difference ancestor or Omicron-specific IgG antibody titers, effector cells, frequencies between adult patients. However, adolescents higher adults. Conclusions facilitates rapid clearance without impacting affecting humoral cellular Omicron-infected individuals.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Low level of tonic interferon signalling is associated with enhanced susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in human lung organoids DOI Creative Commons
Meaghan Flagg, Kerry Goldin, Lizzette Pérez-Pérez

et al.

Emerging Microbes & Infections, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2)

Published: Oct. 26, 2023

There is tremendous heterogeneity in the severity of COVID-19 disease human population, and mechanisms governing development severe remain incompletely understood. The emergence SARS-CoV-2 variants concern (VOC) Delta (B.1.617.2) Omicron (B.1.1.529) further compounded this heterogeneity. Virus replication host cell damage distal lung often associated with clinical disease, making an important site to consider when evaluating pathogenicity VOCs. Using organoids (hLOs) derived from multiple donors, we compared fitness VOC Omicron, along ancestral clade B variant D614G, evaluated donor-dependent differences susceptibility infection. We observed substantial attenuation hLOs demonstrated enhanced D614G one donor. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that increased infection these was reduced tonic interferon signaling activity at baseline. show can be used model pathogenesis humans, propose variability set point may impact VOCs subsequent progression.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Pathogenesis and virulence of coronavirus disease: Comparative pathology of animal models for COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Natalie M. Kirk, Yuying Liang, Hinh Ly

et al.

Virulence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Animal models that can replicate clinical and pathologic features of severe human coronavirus infections have been instrumental in the development novel vaccines therapeutics. The goal this review is to summarize our current understanding pathogenesis disease 2019 (COVID-19) be observed several currently available animal models. Knowledge gained from studying these SARS-CoV-2 infection help inform appropriate model selection for modelling as well vaccine therapeutic developments.

Language: Английский

Citations

3