Extracellular vesicle-mediated bidirectional communication between the liver and other organs: mechanistic exploration and prospects for clinical applications

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: March 8, 2025

The liver, functioning as an endocrine organ, secretes a variety of substances that influence the activities other body organs. Conversely, molecules generated by organs such bone, gut, and adipose tissue can also impact liver function. Accumulating evidence suggests bidirectional communication between However, research on how extracellular vesicles (EVs), which transport active molecular mediators, contribute to this interorgan is still in its nascent stages. EVs are capable transporting functional molecules, including lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, thereby affecting recipient cells across different at biological level. This review examines role facilitating cardiovascular system, pancreas, brain, lungs, kidneys, tissue. It explores their potential disease treatment highlights challenges understanding EV-mediated interactions. contribution mediator-carrying two-way remains area ongoing investigation. Future will provide more comprehensive theoretical foundation clarify precise mechanisms governing organs, pinpoint medical targets, expand application within realm precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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Liver‐Secreted Extracellular Vesicles Promote Cirrhosis‐Associated Skeletal Muscle Injury Through mtDNA‐cGAS/STING Axis

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Abstract Skeletal muscle atrophy (sarcopenia) is a serious complication of liver cirrhosis, and chronic inflammation plays pivotal role in its pathologenesis. However, the detailed mechanism through which injured tissues mediate skeletal inflammatory injury remains elusive. Here, it reported that hepatocytes might secrete mtDNA‐enriched extracellular vesicles (EVs) to trigger by activating cGAS‐STING pathway. Briefly, secreted increased amounts EVs into circulation, are then engulfed primarily macrophages subsequently induce signaling its‐mediated response muscles. In contrast, suppression hepatic EV secretion or STING significantly alleviated cirrhosis‐induced vivo. Circulating from cirrhotic patients showed higher levels mtDNA, EV‐mtDNA positively correlated with severity injury. hepatocytes, mitochondrial damage promoted release cytosolic mtDNA subsequent EVs. This study reveals hepatocyte‐derived via mtDNA‒STING axis, while targeted blockade represents potential therapeutic approach for preventing cirrhosis‐associated atrophy.

Language: Английский

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The role and clinical applications of exosomes in cancer drug resistance

Cancer Drug Resistance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 4, 2024

Tumor-secreted exosomes are heterogeneous multi-signal messengers that support cancer growth and dissemination by mediating intercellular crosstalk activating signaling pathways. Distinct from previous reviews, we focus intently on exosome-therapeutic resistance dynamics summarize the new findings about regulation of treatment exosomes, shedding light complex processes via which these nanovesicles facilitate therapeutic refractoriness across various malignancies. Future research in exosome biology can potentially transform diagnostic paradigms interventions for management. This review synthesizes recent insights into exosome-driven drug resistance, illuminates sophisticated mechanisms malignancies, summarizes some strategies to overcome resistance.

Language: Английский

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Single extracellular vesicle research: From cell population to a single cell

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 734, P. 150439 - 150439

Published: July 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Native and Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Small Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer nanoparticles naturally released from cells, playing a crucial role in intercellular communication. They modulate gene expression and regulate physiological pathological processes, including acute lung injury (ALI) respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Research has shown that EVs contain variety of active components, biocompatible small size, do not trigger immune rejection, making the infusion exogenous promising therapeutic tool. With further research, engineering strategies have been proposed to enhance clinical potential EVs. These involve modifying either donor cells secrete or themselves can be engineered circumvent limitations native In this review, an overview biological properties is provided current treating ALI/ARDS, along with latest research findings, summarized. The challenges opportunities for translation as novel tool also discussed, offering new insights into treatment ALI/ARDS using EV technology.

Language: Английский

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In Vivo Reprogramming of Tissue‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Treating Chronic Tissue Injury Through Metabolic Engineering

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 31, 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising therapeutics for regenerative medicine, but the efficacy of current exogenous EV-based therapies treating chronic tissue injury is still unsatisfactory. Exercise can affect skeletal muscle EV secretion and that this process regulates systemic health-promoting role exercise, suggesting fine-tuning endogenous may provide a new therapeutic avenue. Here, work reports in vivo reprogramming via metabolic engineering strategy diseases. Briefly, exercise enhanced mitochondrial metabolism production healthy muscles, EVs from muscles subjected to or (boosting biogenesis AAV-mediated muscle-specific TFAM overexpression) exerted cellular protective effects vitro. In injured therapy could reprogram patterns (reducing pathological compositions while increasing beneficial compositions) by regulating multiple cargo sorting pathways. Reprogrammed muscle-derived reach major organs tissues circulation then simultaneously attenuated multiple-tissue (e.g., kidney) kidney disease. This study highlights tissue-derived approach potential diverse

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the functional heterogeneity of endogenous tissue extracellular vesicles in skeletal muscle through multi-omics

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 162679 - 162679

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles: From large-scale production and engineering to clinical applications

Journal of Tissue Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 1, 2025

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising strategy for treating wide spectrum of pathologies, they can deliver their cargo to recipient cells and regulate the signaling pathway these modulate fate. Despite great potential EVs in clinical applications, low yield challenges loading remain significant obstacles, hindering transition from experimental research practice. Therefore, promoting EV release enhancing cargo-loading are fields with substantial broad application prospects. In this review, we summarize applications EVs, methods technologies large-scale production, engineering, modification, well that must be addressed during development. We also discuss future perspectives exciting field facilitate its transformation bench reality.

Language: Английский

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Plant‐derived vesicle‐like nanoparticles in food crops: emerging insights into nutritional biofortification and biomedical applications

Plant Biotechnology Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 26, 2025

Summary Food crops, as the cornerstone of human nutrition, not only provide essential macronutrients but also encompass a rich spectrum bioactive compounds that promote health. Of particular significance are underutilized minor which contain unique beneficial components with proven nutraceutical properties. These valuable can be effectively concentrated into plant‐derived vesicle‐like nanoparticles (PDVLNs), play crucial roles in maintaining health and reducing disease risks. Furthermore, owing to their inherent stability low immunogenicity, PDVLNs serve an innovative natural eco‐friendly delivery platform applications spanning agricultural production, particularly crop nutrient fortification biomedicine. Consequently, derived from food crops have emerged pivotal research focus, garnering substantial scientific attention. However, comprehensive review crop‐derived potential remains lacking. This presents in‐depth analysis nutritional composition distribution patterns two major groups– cereals legumes– while systematically examining current advances future directions enhancement. Additionally, we elucidate fundamental characteristics functions PDVLNs, explore recent breakthroughs crops. Finally, offer novel perspectives for understanding special emphasis on value compounds.

Language: Английский

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Physicochemical Modulation Strategies for Mass Production of Extracellular Vesicle

Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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