Phylogenetic classification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: new species and higher-ranking taxa in Glomeromycota and Mucoromycota (class Endogonomycetes)

MycoKeys, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 107, P. 273 - 325

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi - Glomeromycota and Endogonomycetes comprise multiple species higher-level taxa that have remained undescribed. We propose a mixed morphology- DNA-based classification framework to promote taxonomic communication shed light into the phylogenetic structure of these ecologically essential fungi. Based on eDNA samples long reads as type materials, we describe 15 new corresponding genera (

Language: Английский

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Disentangling drivers behind fungal diversity gradients along altitude and latitude

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Summary Gradients in species diversity across elevations and latitudes have fascinated biologists for decades. While these gradients been well documented macroorganisms, there is limited consensus about their universality, shape drivers microorganisms, such as fungi, despite the importance of fungal ecosystem functions services. We conducted a comprehensive survey richness forests 17 elevational transects along latitudinal gradient covering continental scale Europe. Diversity patterns differed among ecological guilds. saprotrophs declined with elevation while ectomycorrhizal (ECM) peaked mid‐elevations. Moreover, root endophytic fungi increased latitude but did not change elevation. Bayesian distribution modeling suggests that structured by deterministic rather than stochastic drivers. Importantly, ECM pattern persists even after accounting effects environmental conditions. These results suggest conditions differentially guilds gradients, this goes beyond soil climatic factors case fungi. This study paves way toward better understanding latitudes, possible implications macroecological theory, conservation management.

Language: Английский

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Emergent Relationships Between the Functional Diversity of Marine Planktonic Copepods and Ecosystem Functioning in the Global Ocean

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Copepods are a major group of the mesozooplankton and thus key part marine ecosystems worldwide. Their fitness life strategies determined by their functional traits which allow different species to exploit various ecological niches. The range expressed in community defines its diversity (FD), can be used investigate how communities utilize resources shape ecosystem processes. However, spatial patterns copepod FD relation functioning remain poorly understood on global scale. Here, we use estimates composition derived from distribution models combination with indicators multiple facets FD, relationships richness We also project anthropogenic climate change will impact FD. find that respond variable strength directions: richness, divergence, dispersion increase whereas evenness trait dissimilarity decrease. primary production, biomass carbon export efficiency decrease divergence dispersion. This suggests may disproportionally influenced few dominant line mass ratio hypothesis. Furthermore, is projected promote homogenization globally, globally. emergent covariance between functions here strongly call for better integrating measurements into field studies across scales understand effects changing zooplankton biodiversity functioning.

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity in mountain soils above the treeline

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 14, 2025

ABSTRACT Biological diversity in mountain ecosystems has been increasingly studied over the last decade. This is also case for soils, but no study to date provided an overall synthesis of current state knowledge. Here we fill this gap with a first global analysis published research on cryptogams, microorganisms, and fauna soils above treeline, structured Based corpus almost 1400 publications expertise 37 soil scientists worldwide, summarise what known about distribution patterns each these organismal groups, specifically along elevation, provide overview available knowledge drivers explaining their changes. In particular, document elevation‐dependent decrease faunal while cryptogams there initial increase followed by towards nival belt. Thus, our data confirm key role that elevation plays shaping biodiversity organisms soils. The response prokaryote turn, was more diverse, whereas fungal appeared be substantially influenced plants. As far as available, describe characteristics, adaptations, functions species, despite lack ecological information uncultivated majority prokaryotes, fungi, protists, illustrate remarkable unique life forms histories encountered alpine By applying rule‐ well pattern‐based literature‐mining approaches semi‐quantitative analyses, identified hotspots European Alps Central Asia revealed significant gaps taxonomic coverage, particularly among biocrusts, fauna. We further report thematic priorities treeline identify unanswered questions. Building upon outcomes synthesis, conclude set opportunities worldwide. Soils fulfil critical make essential contributions land. Accordingly, seizing closing appears crucial enable science‐based decision making regions formulating laws guidelines support conservation targets.

Language: Английский

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Fungal thermotolerance revisited and why climate change is unlikely to be supercharging pathogenic fungi (yet)

Fungal Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 128(1), P. 1638 - 1641

Published: Jan. 14, 2024

Thermotolerance has been viewed as an uncommon characteristic among the fungi and one of reasons that less than 1% described species operate opportunistic pathogens humans. Growth at 37°C is certainly a requirement for fungus invades body core, but tens thousands nonpathogenic are also able to grow this temperature. Ergo, temperature does not serve thermal barrier development infections by many harmless fungi. The absence other virulence factors must be more demanding. This observation raises questions about hypothetical links between climate change increasing number life-threatening human mycoses. Given widespread distribution fungal thermotolerance 1°C (2°F) increase in global over last 140 years it seems unlikely warming driven evolution virulent strains More compelling explanations changes behavior disease agents include their adaptation widening use azole antifungals hospitals wholesale application millions tons same class heterocyclic chemicals agriculture. On hand, having significant effect on spread mycoses extending geographical range pathogenic A related asthma caused spore inhalation another likely consequence planetary change.

Language: Английский

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Merging the genus Tomentella with Thelephora (Fungi, Thelephorales)

Folia Cryptogamica Estonica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61

Published: Aug. 11, 2024

In this article we merge the genus Tomentella with Thelephora. As a result, 191 new combinations are made and 24 nomina nova created. addition, one combination of Tomentellopsis Polyozellus species made, respectively.

Language: Английский

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Dual mycorrhizal associations in tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) differ between Australian temperate shrublands and subtropical forests

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) is an economically important crop with a narrow natural distribution in eastern Australia. Coastal and upland tea ecotypes have been identified based on unique shoot root traits, but their mycorrhizal associations remain unknown. Dual mycorrhization—the ability of plants to associate both arbuscular (AM) ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi—is particularly common among Australian Myrtaceae, including Melaleuca species, has not yet investigated tree. We the three coastal two populations using ITS2 metabarcoding anatomical observations. Our results revealed that dual plant, showing variability symbioses ecotypes. ECM percentage colonisation was significantly lower ecotype compared ecotype, despite exhibiting higher levels fungal richness. In contrast, richness AM order Glomerales than comparable were observed between these Mycorrhizal community composition also differed study provides evidence species can host fungi simultaneously within individual plants. findings suggest vary across native habitats, which differ climate, soil characteristics, vegetation structure.

Language: Английский

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Impact of agricultural systems on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi community composition in robusta coffee roots in the Democratic Republic of congo

Mycorrhiza, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(2)

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Increased Environmental Niche of Dual‐Mycorrhizal Woody Species

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(5)

Published: May 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The presence and distribution of mycorrhizal symbionts can influence plant through specific host–mycorrhiza symbiosis interactions. However, generalist hosts also exist, such as dual–mycorrhizal plants that form symbiotic associations with both ectomycorrhizal fungi (EM) arbuscular (AM). Little is known about the effect dual mycorrhization status on hosts' global acclimation to environments. This study investigates potential advantage more than 400 woody genera spread at a scale. We found dual‐host species occupy broader geographical range environmental niche space compared those associating exclusively either AM or EM. show increased geographic expanded are independent phylogenetic architecture evolutionary history genera. Our results highlight host–microbe symbioses between expand their range, role in colonising dry climates.

Language: Английский

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The 2030 Declaration on Scientific Plant and Fungal Collecting

Plants People Planet, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1), P. 11 - 22

Published: Sept. 30, 2024

Societal Impact Statement Biological samples and their associated information are an essential resource used by scientists, governments, policymakers, practitioners communities to ensure that biodiversity can be appropriately protected sustainably used. Yet, considering the enormous task of documenting vast numbers as‐yet‐unknown plant fungal species, greater international coordination for biological collecting recording is necessary, built on equitable practices standards. Here, we propose five commitments accelerate enhance scientific knowledge diversity, while increasing collaboration, benefit sharing efficiency. Summary Almost all life depends plants fungi, making diversity distribution—primarily derived from collections—fundamental national conservation, restoration sustainable use commitments. However, it estimated some 15% species over 90% have not yet been scientifically described, hampering our ability assess demonstrate impact efforts halt loss. In addition, organisations researchers around world lack a concerted strategy complementarity avoiding overlap in botanical mycological research, particularly relation collection specimens. We here present 2030 Declaration Scientific Plant Fungal Collecting, summarising commitment towards such necessary strategy. Its components were identified discussions during after series four workshops plenary at 2023 State World's Plants Fungi symposium convened Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, then consolidated into form authors. The was subsequently opened up endorsement signatories. Collectively, agree set cataloguing world's flora funga, designed maximise efficiency, facilitate exchange promote collaborations: (1) evidence‐based strategies; (2) strengthen local capacity; (3) collaborate across taxa disciplines; (4) collect future; (5) share benefits. This first step increased global regional efforts.

Language: Английский

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