Disentangling drivers behind fungal diversity gradients along altitude and latitude

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Summary Gradients in species diversity across elevations and latitudes have fascinated biologists for decades. While these gradients been well documented macroorganisms, there is limited consensus about their universality, shape drivers microorganisms, such as fungi, despite the importance of fungal ecosystem functions services. We conducted a comprehensive survey richness forests 17 elevational transects along latitudinal gradient covering continental scale Europe. Diversity patterns differed among ecological guilds. saprotrophs declined with elevation while ectomycorrhizal (ECM) peaked mid‐elevations. Moreover, root endophytic fungi increased latitude but did not change elevation. Bayesian distribution modeling suggests that structured by deterministic rather than stochastic drivers. Importantly, ECM pattern persists even after accounting effects environmental conditions. These results suggest conditions differentially guilds gradients, this goes beyond soil climatic factors case fungi. This study paves way toward better understanding latitudes, possible implications macroecological theory, conservation management.

Language: Английский

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Emergent Relationships Between the Functional Diversity of Marine Planktonic Copepods and Ecosystem Functioning in the Global Ocean

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Copepods are a major group of the mesozooplankton and thus key part marine ecosystems worldwide. Their fitness life strategies determined by their functional traits which allow different species to exploit various ecological niches. The range expressed in community defines its diversity (FD), can be used investigate how communities utilize resources shape ecosystem processes. However, spatial patterns copepod FD relation functioning remain poorly understood on global scale. Here, we use estimates composition derived from distribution models combination with indicators multiple facets FD, relationships richness We also project anthropogenic climate change will impact FD. find that respond variable strength directions: richness, divergence, dispersion increase whereas evenness trait dissimilarity decrease. primary production, biomass carbon export efficiency decrease divergence dispersion. This suggests may disproportionally influenced few dominant line mass ratio hypothesis. Furthermore, is projected promote homogenization globally, globally. emergent covariance between functions here strongly call for better integrating measurements into field studies across scales understand effects changing zooplankton biodiversity functioning.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenetic classification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: new species and higher-ranking taxa in Glomeromycota and Mucoromycota (class Endogonomycetes)

MycoKeys, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 107, P. 273 - 325

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi - Glomeromycota and Endogonomycetes comprise multiple species higher-level taxa that have remained undescribed. We propose a mixed morphology- DNA-based classification framework to promote taxonomic communication shed light into the phylogenetic structure of these ecologically essential fungi. Based on eDNA samples long reads as type materials, we describe 15 new corresponding genera (

Language: Английский

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Fungal thermotolerance revisited and why climate change is unlikely to be supercharging pathogenic fungi (yet)

Fungal Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 128(1), P. 1638 - 1641

Published: Jan. 14, 2024

Thermotolerance has been viewed as an uncommon characteristic among the fungi and one of reasons that less than 1% described species operate opportunistic pathogens humans. Growth at 37°C is certainly a requirement for fungus invades body core, but tens thousands nonpathogenic are also able to grow this temperature. Ergo, temperature does not serve thermal barrier development infections by many harmless fungi. The absence other virulence factors must be more demanding. This observation raises questions about hypothetical links between climate change increasing number life-threatening human mycoses. Given widespread distribution fungal thermotolerance 1°C (2°F) increase in global over last 140 years it seems unlikely warming driven evolution virulent strains More compelling explanations changes behavior disease agents include their adaptation widening use azole antifungals hospitals wholesale application millions tons same class heterocyclic chemicals agriculture. On hand, having significant effect on spread mycoses extending geographical range pathogenic A related asthma caused spore inhalation another likely consequence planetary change.

Language: Английский

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Merging the genus Tomentella with Thelephora (Fungi, Thelephorales)

Folia Cryptogamica Estonica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61

Published: Aug. 11, 2024

In this article we merge the genus Tomentella with Thelephora. As a result, 191 new combinations are made and 24 nomina nova created. addition, one combination of Tomentellopsis Polyozellus species made, respectively.

Language: Английский

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Dual mycorrhizal associations in tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) differ between Australian temperate shrublands and subtropical forests

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) is an economically important crop with a narrow natural distribution in eastern Australia. Coastal and upland tea ecotypes have been identified based on unique shoot root traits, but their mycorrhizal associations remain unknown. Dual mycorrhization—the ability of plants to associate both arbuscular (AM) ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi—is particularly common among Australian Myrtaceae, including Melaleuca species, has not yet investigated tree. We the three coastal two populations using ITS2 metabarcoding anatomical observations. Our results revealed that dual plant, showing variability symbioses ecotypes. ECM percentage colonisation was significantly lower ecotype compared ecotype, despite exhibiting higher levels fungal richness. In contrast, richness AM order Glomerales than comparable were observed between these Mycorrhizal community composition also differed study provides evidence species can host fungi simultaneously within individual plants. findings suggest vary across native habitats, which differ climate, soil characteristics, vegetation structure.

Language: Английский

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Effects of soil water on fungal community composition along elevational gradients on the northern slope of the Central Kunlun Mountains

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Soil fungi are essential to ecosystem processes, yet their elevational distribution patterns and the ecological mechanisms shaping communities remain poorly understood actively debated, particularly in arid regions. Here, we investigated diversity underlying soil fungal along an gradient (1,707-3,548 m) on northern slope of Central Kunlun Mountains northwest China. Results indicated that dominant phyla identified across seven gradients were Basidiomycota Ascomycota, displaying a unimodal pattern U-shaped relative abundance, respectively. saprotroph nectar/tap functional groups (>1.0%). Along gradients, α-diversity demonstrated generally decreasing trend, whereas β-diversity showed contrasting increasing trend. Among environmental variables, altitude climate (mean annual precipitation, MAP; mean temperature, MAT) strongest predictors for α-diversity. Partial least squares path modeling (PLSPM) analysis revealed water content (Wat) was most influential factor driving α-diversity, while vegetation coverage (Veg) emerged as primary determinant community composition. The influence Wat shifted from indirect direct elevation increased, transitioning lower elevations (≤2,448 higher (≥2,746 m). Similarly, impact Veg composition exhibited comparable pattern. null model homogeneous selection dispersal limitation dominated assembly at than 2,448 m 2,746 m, Variations processes may be linked changes key factors elevation-dependent manner. These findings can enhance our ability predict responses change ecosystems Mountain.

Language: Английский

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Environmental drivers of AMF Diversity and Community Composition of Robusta across Coffee Systems in Tshopo, DRC

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Robusta coffee, grown by 25 million farmers across more than 50 countries, plays an important role in smallholder farmers' livelihoods and the economies of many low-income countries. Despite robusta coffee’s growing economic importance, currently accounting for 43% global coffee production, its association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) communities how agricultural practices affect this remains poorly understood. To address this, we characterised AMF community composition part region origin, Democratic Republic Congo. diversity were compared between monoculture, agroforestry systems wild native rainforest habitat. Using Illumina sequencing on 304 root samples, identified 307 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), dominated genera Glomus Acaulospora. OTU richness did not vary three studied systems, yet large differences found. Many unique OTUs only observed rainforest. In general, lower available soil phosphorus (P) bulk density increased diversity, higher P pH forest coffee. Shifts driven canopy closure, pH, density. Our study is first to characterise origin shows that even low-input result major shifts as a natural baseline.

Language: Английский

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Contrasting fungal community assembly mechanisms in bulk soil and rhizosphere of Torreya grandis across a 900-year age gradient

Plant and Soil, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Language: Английский

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A curated soil fungal dataset to advance fungal ecology and conservation research in Australia and Antarctica

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Abstract DNA metabarcoding has played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of the diversity and function soil-inhabiting fungi. The Australian Microbiome Initiative produced an extensive soil fungal dataset more than 2000 plots across breadth ecosystems Australia Antarctica. Sequence data requires rigorous approaches for integration species occurrences into biodiversity platforms, addressing biases due to false positives or overinflated estimates, among others. To tackle such biases, we conducted analysis following best practices integrated it with over 100 predictor variables fast-track exploration. We carefully validated methodology based on studies historical versions dataset. Our approach generated robust information fungi that can be leveraged by end-users interested biodiversity, biogeography, conservation. This novel resource will unlock new frontiers research within Southern Hemisphere beyond.

Language: Английский

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