General Pathways of Pain Sensation and the Major Neurotransmitters Involved in Pain Regulation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. 2164 - 2164

Published: July 24, 2018

Pain has been considered as a concept of sensation that we feel reaction to the stimulus our surrounding, putting us in harm’s way and acting form defense mechanism body permanently installed into its system. However, pain leads huge chunk finances within healthcare system with continuous rehabilitation patients adverse sensations, which might reduce not only their quality life but also productivity at work setting back pace economy. It may look like deal factor an issue for majority us, it becomes economical burden. Although researched understood by numerous researches, from definition, action inhibition hopes finding absolute solution victims pain, pathways sensation, neurotransmitters involved producing such are comprehensively reviewed. Therefore, this review article aims put place thorough understanding major conditions experience—nociceptive, inflammatory physiologically dysfunction, neuropathic modulation feedback systems. Moreover, complete conduction is compiled article, elucidating understandings various researches breakthroughs.

Language: Английский

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History of Cannabis and Its Preparations in Saga, Science, and Sobriquet

Chemistry & Biodiversity, Journal Year: 2007, Volume and Issue: 4(8), P. 1614 - 1648

Published: Aug. 1, 2007

Abstract Cannabis sativa L. is possibly one of the oldest plants cultivated by man, but has remained a source controversy throughout its history. Whether pariah or panacea, this most versatile botanical provided mirror to medicine and pointed way in last two decades toward host medical challenges from analgesia weight loss through discovery myriad biochemical attributes endocannabinoid system wherein many components operate. This study surveys history cannabis, genetics preparations. A review cannabis usage Ancient Egypt will serve as an archetype, while examining first mentions various Old World cultures their pertinence for contemporary scientific investigation. historians past have promising clues potential treatments wide array currently puzzling syndromes including chronic pain, spasticity, cancer, seizure disorders, nausea, anorexia, infectious disease that remain 21st century medicine. Information gleaned administration forms may provide useful points departure research into novel delivery techniques standardization cannabis‐based medicines allow prescription treatment these intractable conditions.

Language: Английский

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The acute effects of cannabinoids on memory in humans: a review

Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2006, Volume and Issue: 188(4), P. 425 - 444

Published: Sept. 26, 2006

Language: Английский

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Cannabinoid and cannabinoid-like receptors in microglia, astrocytes, and astrocytomas

Glia, Journal Year: 2010, Volume and Issue: 58(9), P. 1017 - 1030

Published: March 29, 2010

CB1 and CB2 receptors are activated by a plethora of cannabinoid compounds, be they endogenously-produced, plant-derived or synthetic. These expressed microglia, astrocytes astrocytomas, their activation regulates these cells' differentiation, functions viability. Recent studies show that glial cells also express cannabinoid-like receptors, different cell functions, but control This review summarizes this evidence, discusses how selective compounds targeting constitute promising therapeutics to manage neuroinflammation eradicate malignant astrocytomas. Importantly, the should provide therapeutic relieve without inducing typical psychotropic effects possible addictive properties associated with use Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, main ingredient produced plant Cannabis sativa.

Language: Английский

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The Endocannabinoid System and Pain

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets, Journal Year: 2009, Volume and Issue: 8(6), P. 403 - 421

Published: Dec. 1, 2009

The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids has been the topic extensive investigation following discovery cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands. Cannabinoid ligands are present at supraspinal, spinal peripheral levels. Cannabinoids suppress behavioral responses to noxious stimulation nociceptive processing through activation CB1 CB2 receptor subtypes. Endocannabinoids, brains own cannabis-like substances, share same molecular target as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, main psychoactive component in cannabis. Endocannabinoids serve synaptic circuit breakers regulate multiple physiological pathological conditions, e.g. regulation food intake, immunomodulation, inflammation, analgesia, cancer, addictive behavior, epilepsy others. This review will focus on uncovering roles anandamide 2-arachidonoylglycerol, two best characterized endocannabinoids identified date, controlling responding. released under modulating responding different levels neuraxis be emphasized this review. Effects modulation endocannabinoid inhibition hydrolysis uptake is also compared with effects exogenous administration synthetic acute, inflammatory neuropathic pain models. Finally, signaling system discussed context identifying novel pharmacotherapies for treatment pain. Keywords: Anandamide, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, fatty acid amide hydrolase, monoacylglycerol lipase, transporter, inflammatory,

Language: Английский

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