NLRP3 is activated in Alzheimer’s disease and contributes to pathology in APP/PS1 mice

Nature, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 493(7434), P. 674 - 678

Published: Dec. 18, 2012

Language: Английский

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Electronic Skin: Recent Progress and Future Prospects for Skin‐Attachable Devices for Health Monitoring, Robotics, and Prosthetics

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 31(48)

Published: Sept. 19, 2019

Abstract Recent progress in electronic skin or e‐skin research is broadly reviewed, focusing on technologies needed three main applications: skin‐attachable electronics, robotics, and prosthetics. First, since will be exposed to prolonged stresses of various kinds needs conformally adhered irregularly shaped surfaces, materials with intrinsic stretchability self‐healing properties are great importance. Second, tactile sensing capability such as the detection pressure, strain, slip, force vector, temperature important for health monitoring attachable devices, enable object manipulation surrounding environment robotics For chemical electrophysiological wireless signal communication high significance fully gauge state users ensure user comfort. prosthetics, large‐area integration 3D surfaces a facile scalable manner critical. Furthermore, new processing strategies using neuromorphic devices efficiently process information parallel low power manner. neural interfacing electrodes These topics discussed, progress, current challenges, future prospects.

Language: Английский

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Synaptic electronics: materials, devices and applications

Nanotechnology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 24(38), P. 382001 - 382001

Published: Sept. 2, 2013

In this paper, the recent progress of synaptic electronics is reviewed. The basics biological plasticity and learning are described. material properties electrical switching characteristics a variety devices discussed, with focus on use for neuromorphic or brain-inspired computing. Performance metrics desirable large-scale implementations illustrated. A review work targeted computing applications presented.

Language: Английский

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The synaptic plasticity and memory hypothesis: encoding, storage and persistence

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 369(1633), P. 20130288 - 20130288

Published: Dec. 3, 2013

The synaptic plasticity and memory hypothesis asserts that activity-dependent is induced at appropriate synapses during formation both necessary sufficient for the encoding trace storage of type mediated by brain area in which it observed. Criteria establishing necessity sufficiency such mediating have been identified are here reviewed relation to new work using some diverse techniques contemporary neuroscience. Evidence derived optical imaging, molecular-genetic optogenetic conjunction with behavioural analyses continues offer support idea changing strength connections between neurons one major mechanisms engrams stored brain.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Transistor‐Based Artificial Synapses

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(42)

Published: Aug. 9, 2019

Abstract Simulating biological synapses with electronic devices is a re‐emerging field of research. It widely recognized as the first step in hardware building brain‐like computers and artificial intelligent systems. Thus far, different types have been proposed to mimic synaptic functions. Among them, transistor‐based advantages good stability, relatively controllable testing parameters, clear operation mechanism, can be constructed from variety materials. In addition, they perform concurrent learning, which weight update performed without interrupting signal transmission process. Synergistic control one device also implemented synapse, opens up possibility developing robust neuron networks significantly fewer neural elements. These unique features make them more suitable for emulating functions than other devices. However, development still its very early stages. Herein, this article presents review recent advances order give guideline future implementation transistors. The main challenges research directions are presented.

Language: Английский

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Organic core-sheath nanowire artificial synapses with femtojoule energy consumption

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 2(6)

Published: June 3, 2016

Researchers report an organic nanowire artificial synapse that emulates working principles and energy consumption of biological synapses.

Language: Английский

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Rapid production of new oligodendrocytes is required in the earliest stages of motor-skill learning

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 19(9), P. 1210 - 1217

Published: July 25, 2016

Language: Английский

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A MoS₂/PTCDA Hybrid Heterojunction Synapse with Efficient Photoelectric Dual Modulation and Versatility

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 31(3)

Published: Nov. 28, 2018

Just as biological synapses provide basic functions for the nervous system, artificial synaptic devices serve fundamental building blocks of neuromorphic networks; thus, developing novel is essential computing. By exploiting band alignment between 2D inorganic and organic semiconductors, first multi-functional transistor based on a molybdenum disulfide (MoS2 )/perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) hybrid heterojunction, with remarkable short-term plasticity (STP) long-term (LTP), reported. Owing to elaborate design energy structure, both robust electrical optical modulation are achieved through carriers transfer at interface heterostructure, which still challenging task this day. In modulation, inhibition excitation can be simultaneously in same device by gate voltage tuning. Notably, minimum 3% maximum facilitation 500% obtained increasing number, response different frequency signals indicates dynamic filtering characteristic. It exhibits flexible tunability STP LTP weight changes up 60, far superior previous work modulation. The fully MoS2 /PTCDA heterojunction synapse opens whole new path urgent need computation devices.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the Time Domains of Corticosteroid Hormone Influences on Brain Activity: Rapid, Slow, and Chronic Modes

Pharmacological Reviews, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 64(4), P. 901 - 938

Published: Sept. 28, 2012

Brain cells are continuously exposed to corticosteroid hormones, although the levels vary (e.g., after stress). Corticosteroids alter neural activity via two receptor types, mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR). These regulate gene transcription but also, as we now know, act nongenomically. Via nongenomic pathways, MRs enhance GRs suppress activity. In hypothalamus, inhibitory GR effects contribute negative feedback regulation of stress axis. Nongenomic MR actions also important extrahypothalamically help organisms immediately select an appropriate response strategy. genomic mechanisms, in basolateral amygdala ventral-most part cornu ammonis 1 hippocampal area generally excitatory, providing extended window for encoding emotional aspects a stressful event. prefrontal pyramidal increase surface expression α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid strengthen glutamatergic signaling through pathways partly overlapping with those involved long-term potentiation. This raises threshold subsequent induction synaptic potentiation promotes depression. Synapses activated during thus presumably strengthened protected against excitatory inputs reaching later. restores higher cognitive control promotes, example, consolidation stress-related contextual information. When organism experiences early life or repeatedly adulthood, ability induce is strongly reduced likelihood depression enhanced, even under rest. Treatment antiglucocorticoids can ameliorate cellular chronic provide interesting lead treatment disorders.

Language: Английский

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Organometal Halide Perovskite Artificial Synapses

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 28(28), P. 5916 - 5922

Published: May 11, 2016

Organometal halide perovskite synaptic devices are fabricated; they emulate important working principles of a biological synapse, including excitatory postsynaptic current, paired-pulse facilitation, short-term plasticity, long-term and spike-timing dependent plasticity. These properties originate from possible ion migration in the ion-rich matrix. This work has extensive applicability practical significance neuromorphic electronics.

Language: Английский

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