Interactions Between the Microbiota and the Immune System

Science, Journal Year: 2012, Volume and Issue: 336(6086), P. 1268 - 1273

Published: June 7, 2012

The large numbers of microorganisms that inhabit mammalian body surfaces have a highly coevolved relationship with the immune system. Although many these microbes carry out functions are critical for host physiology, they nevertheless pose threat breach ensuing pathologies. system plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis resident microbial communities, thus ensuring mutualistic nature host-microbial is maintained. At same time, bacteria profoundly shape immunity. Here, we review advances our understanding interactions between and implications findings human health.

Language: Английский

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Dynamics and Stabilization of the Human Gut Microbiome during the First Year of Life

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 690 - 703

Published: May 1, 2015

Language: Английский

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Human Genetics Shape the Gut Microbiome

Cell, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 159(4), P. 789 - 799

Published: Nov. 1, 2014

Language: Английский

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Animals in a bacterial world, a new imperative for the life sciences

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 110(9), P. 3229 - 3236

Published: Feb. 7, 2013

In the last two decades, widespread application of genetic and genomic approaches has revealed a bacterial world astonishing in its ubiquity diversity. This review examines how growing knowledge vast range animal–bacterial interactions, whether shared ecosystems or intimate symbioses, is fundamentally altering our understanding animal biology. Specifically, we highlight recent technological intellectual advances that have changed thinking about five questions: bacteria facilitated origin evolution animals; do animals affect each other’s genomes; does normal development depend on partners; homeostasis maintained between their symbionts; can ecological deepen multiple levels interaction. As answers to these fundamental questions emerge, all biologists will be challenged broaden appreciation interactions include investigations relationships among partners as seek better natural world.

Language: Английский

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Keystone taxa as drivers of microbiome structure and functioning

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 16(9), P. 567 - 576

Published: May 22, 2018

Language: Английский

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Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism

Nature, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 535(7610), P. 56 - 64

Published: July 5, 2016

Language: Английский

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Gut bacteria selectively promoted by dietary fibers alleviate type 2 diabetes

Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 359(6380), P. 1151 - 1156

Published: March 8, 2018

The gut microbiota benefits humans via short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production from carbohydrate fermentation, and deficiency in SCFA is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We conducted a randomized clinical study of specifically designed isoenergetic diets, together fecal shotgun metagenomics, to show that select group SCFA-producing strains was promoted by dietary fibers most other potential producers were either diminished or unchanged patients T2DM. When the fiber-promoted present greater diversity abundance, participants had better improvement hemoglobin A1c levels, partly increased glucagon-like peptide-1 production. Promotion these positive responders metabolically detrimental compounds such as indole hydrogen sulfide. Targeted restoration may novel ecological approach for managing

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota are related to Parkinson's disease and clinical phenotype

Movement Disorders, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 350 - 358

Published: Dec. 5, 2014

In the course of Parkinson's disease (PD), enteric nervous system (ENS) and parasympathetic nerves are amongst structures earliest most frequently affected by alpha-synuclein pathology. Accordingly, gastrointestinal dysfunction, in particular constipation, is an important non-motor symptom PD often precedes onset motor symptoms years. Recent research has shown that intestinal microbiota interact with autonomic central via diverse pathways including ENS vagal nerve. The gut microbiome not been previously investigated. We compared fecal microbiomes 72 patients control subjects pyrosequencing V1-V3 regions bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Associations between clinical parameters were analyzed using generalized linear models, taking into account potential confounders. On average, abundance Prevotellaceae feces was reduced 77.6% as controls. Relative 6.5% or less had 86.1% sensitivity 38.9% specificity for PD. A logistic regression classifier based on four families severity constipation identified 66.7% 90.3% specificity. relative Enterobacteriaceae positively associated postural instability gait difficulty. These findings suggest altered related to phenotype. Further studies warranted elucidate temporal causal relationships suitability a biomarker.

Language: Английский

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The healthy human microbiome

Genome Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: April 27, 2016

Humans are virtually identical in their genetic makeup, yet the small differences our DNA give rise to tremendous phenotypic diversity across human population. By contrast, metagenome of microbiome—the total content microbes inhabiting bodies—is quite a bit more variable, with only third its constituent genes found majority healthy individuals. Understanding this variability “healthy microbiome” has thus been major challenge microbiome research, dating back at least 1960s, continuing through Human Microbiome Project and beyond. Cataloguing necessary sufficient sets features that support health, normal ranges these populations, is an essential first step identifying correcting microbial configurations implicated disease. Toward goal, several population-scale studies have documented both taxonomic compositions functional potentials normally observed microbiomes along possible driving factors such as geography, diet, lifestyle. Here, we review definitions ‘healthy microbiome’ emerged, current understanding diversity, gaps characterization molecular function development ecological therapies be addressed future.

Language: Английский

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The First Microbial Colonizers of the Human Gut: Composition, Activities, and Health Implications of the Infant Gut Microbiota

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 81(4)

Published: Nov. 8, 2017

SUMMARY The human gut microbiota is engaged in multiple interactions affecting host health during the host's entire life span. Microbes colonize neonatal immediately following birth. establishment and interactive development of this early are believed to be (at least partially) driven modulated by specific compounds present milk. It has been shown that certain genomes infant commensals, particular those bifidobacterial species, genetically adapted utilize glycans secretory fluid, thus representing a very intriguing example host-microbe coevolution, where both partners benefit. In recent years, various metagenomic studies have tried dissect composition functionality microbiome explore distribution across different ecological niches biogeography corresponding microbial consortia, including bacteria viruses, healthy ill subjects. Such analyses linked features microbiota/microbiome, such as reduced diversity or aberrant composition, intestinal illnesses infants disease states manifested at later stages life, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic disorders. Thus, growing number reported on how composition/development may affect risk factors related adult conditions. This concept fueled strategies shape based functional food products. review, we describe microbiota, mechanisms drive its consortia molded natural artificial interventions. Finally, discuss relevance key players bifidobacteria, with respect their role disease.

Language: Английский

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