The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1877 - 2013

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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The Human Intestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease

New England Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 375(24), P. 2369 - 2379

Published: Dec. 14, 2016

The large majority of studies on the role microbiome in pathogenesis disease are correlative and preclinical; several have influenced clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Environment dominates over host genetics in shaping human gut microbiota

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 555(7695), P. 210 - 215

Published: Feb. 28, 2018

Language: Английский

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Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 8, 2017

Recent studies have suggested that the intestinal microbiome plays an important role in modulating risk of several chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular and cancer. At same time, it is now understood diet a significant shaping microbiome, with experiments showing dietary alterations can induce large, temporary microbial shifts within 24 h. Given this association, there may be therapeutic utility altering composition through diet. This review systematically evaluates current data regarding effects common components on microbiota. We show consumption particular types food produces predictable existing host bacterial genera. Furthermore, identity these bacteria affects immune metabolic parameters, broad implications for human health. Familiarity associations will tremendous use to practitioner as well patient.

Language: Английский

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Current understanding of the human microbiome

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 392 - 400

Published: April 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Population-level analysis of gut microbiome variation

Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 352(6285), P. 560 - 564

Published: April 28, 2016

“Normal” for the gut microbiota For benefit of future clinical studies, it is critical to establish what constitutes a “normal” microbiome, if exists at all. Through fecal samples and questionnaires, Falony et al. Zhernakova targeted general populations in Belgium Netherlands, respectively. Gut composition correlated with range factors including diet, use medication, red blood cell counts, chromogranin A, stool consistency. The data give some hints possible biomarkers normal communities. Science , this issue pp. 560 565

Language: Английский

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Diet–microbiota interactions as moderators of human metabolism

Nature, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 535(7610), P. 56 - 64

Published: July 5, 2016

Language: Английский

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Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and health

BMJ, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. k2179 - k2179

Published: June 13, 2018

Role of the gut microbiota in nutrition and healthAna M Valdes colleagues discuss strategies for modulating

Language: Английский

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Population-based metagenomics analysis reveals markers for gut microbiome composition and diversity

Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 352(6285), P. 565 - 569

Published: April 28, 2016

“Normal” for the gut microbiota For benefit of future clinical studies, it is critical to establish what constitutes a “normal” microbiome, if exists at all. Through fecal samples and questionnaires, Falony et al. Zhernakova targeted general populations in Belgium Netherlands, respectively. Gut composition correlated with range factors including diet, use medication, red blood cell counts, chromogranin A, stool consistency. The data give some hints possible biomarkers normal communities. Science , this issue pp. 560 565

Language: Английский

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The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio: A Relevant Marker of Gut Dysbiosis in Obese Patients?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1474 - 1474

Published: May 19, 2020

The gut microbiota is emerging as a promising target for the management or prevention of inflammatory and metabolic disorders in humans. Many current research efforts are focused on identification specific microbial signatures, more particularly those associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases. Some studies have described that obese animals humans exhibits higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared normal-weight individuals, proposing this an eventual biomarker. Accordingly, frequently cited scientific literature hallmark obesity. aim present review was to discuss validity potential marker, based great amount contradictory results reported literature. Such discrepancies might be explained by existence interpretative bias generated methodological differences sample processing DNA sequence analysis, generally poor characterization recruited subjects and, particularly, lack consideration lifestyle-associated factors known affect composition and/or diversity. For these reasons, it currently difficult associate determined health status specifically consider

Language: Английский

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