Brassinosteroids: Multidimensional Regulators of Plant Growth, Development, and Stress Responses

The Plant Cell, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 32(2), P. 295 - 318

Published: Nov. 27, 2019

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of polyhydroxylated plant steroid hormones that crucial for many aspects plant's life. BRs were originally characterized their function in cell elongation, but it is becoming clear they play major roles growth, development, and responses to several stresses such as extreme temperatures drought. A BR signaling pathway from surface receptors central transcription factors has been well characterized. Here, we summarize recent progress toward understanding the pathway, including perception molecular mechanisms signaling. Next, discuss development stress responses. Finally, show how knowledge being applied manipulate growth crops. These studies highlight complex regulation signaling, multiple points crosstalk between other or responses, finely tuned spatiotemporal

Language: Английский

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Changing State of the Climate System

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 287 - 422

Published: June 29, 2023

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Language: Английский

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Wildfire-Driven Forest Conversion in Western North American Landscapes

BioScience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 70(8), P. 659 - 673

Published: May 18, 2020

Changing disturbance regimes and climate can overcome forest ecosystem resilience. Following high-severity fire, recovery may be compromised by lack of tree seed sources, warmer drier postfire climate, or short-interval reburning. A potential outcome the loss resilience is conversion prefire to a different type nonforest vegetation. Conversion implies major, extensive, enduring changes in dominant species, life forms, functions, with impacts on services. In present article, we synthesize growing body evidence fire-driven our understanding its causes across western North America. We assess capacity predict highlight important uncertainties. Increasing vulnerability changing fire activity compels shifts management approaches, propose key themes for applied research coproduced scientists managers support decision-making an era when not return.

Language: Английский

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Climate change, ecosystems and abrupt change: science priorities

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 375(1794), P. 20190105 - 20190105

Published: Jan. 27, 2020

Ecologists have long studied patterns, directions and tempos of change, but there is a pressing need to extend current understanding empirical observations abrupt changes as climate warming accelerates. Abrupt in ecological systems (ACES)-changes that are fast time or relative their drivers-are ubiquitous increasing frequency. Powerful theoretical frameworks exist, yet applications real-world landscapes detect, explain anticipate ACES lagged. We highlight five insights emerging from studies across diverse ecosystems: (i) show some dimensions not others; (ii) extremes may be more important than mean generating ACES; (iii) interactions among multiple drivers often produce (iv) contingencies, such memory, frequency sequence disturbances, spatial context important; (v) tipping points (but always) associated with ACES. suggest research priorities advance the face change. Progress requires strong integration scientific approaches (theory, observations, experiments process-based models) high-quality data drawn array ecosystems. This article part theme issue 'Climate change threats, opportunities solutions'.

Language: Английский

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Socioeconomic impacts of marine heatwaves: Global issues and opportunities

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 374(6566)

Published: Oct. 22, 2021

The impacts of marine heatwaves Extreme warming events in the world’s oceans are becoming more widespread and frequent; 8 10 most severe recorded have taken place past decade. Smith et al . review how these severely altering ecosystem service provision, with socioeconomic impacts. Heatwave effects, including range shifts mass mortality species harmful algal blooms, knock-on economic consequences that already run into billions US dollars. As well as reviewing events, authors discuss mitigation adaptation measures needed to alleviate risks damaging —AMS

Language: Английский

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Global acceleration in rates of vegetation change over the past 18,000 years

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 372(6544), P. 860 - 864

Published: May 21, 2021

The pace of Holocene vegetation change Although much is known about the rapid environmental changes that have occurred since Industrial Revolution, patterns over preceding millennia been only patchily understood. Using a global set >1100 fossil pollen records, Mottl et al. explored rates past 18,000 years (see Perspective by Overpeck and Breshears). authors show accelerated markedly during Late (∼4.6 to 2.9 thousand ago), even more rapidly than climate-driven associated with end last glacial period. In addition, acceleration began for terrestrial communities as whole, suggesting in turnover two centuries tip deeper trend. Science , abg1685, this issue p. 860 ; see also abi9902, 786

Language: Английский

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Temperature-related biodiversity change across temperate marine and terrestrial systems

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(7), P. 927 - 933

Published: May 4, 2020

Language: Английский

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Spatial and temporal expansion of global wildland fire activity in response to climate change

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 8, 2022

Abstract Global warming is expected to alter wildfire potential and fire season severity, but the magnitude location of change still unclear. Here, we show that climate largely determines present fire-prone regions their season. We categorize these according climatic characteristics into four classes, within general Boreal, Temperate, Tropical Arid zones. Based on model projections, assess modification in extent length at end 21st century. find due global warming, area with frequent conditions would increase by 29%, mostly Boreal (+111%) Temperate (+25%) zones, where there may also be a significant lengthening Our estimates expansion areas highlight large uneven impact Earth’s environment.

Language: Английский

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Hydroxide Based Integrated CO₂ Capture from Air and Conversion to Methanol

Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 142(10), P. 4544 - 4549

Published: Feb. 12, 2020

The first example of an alkali hydroxide-based system for CO2 capture and conversion to methanol has been established. Bicarbonate formate salts were hydrogenated with high yields in a solution ethylene glycol. In integrated one-pot system, was efficiently captured by glycol the base subsequently CH3OH at relatively mild temperatures (100-140 °C) using Ru-PNP catalysts. produced can be easily separated distillation. Hydroxide regeneration low observed time. Finally, from ambient air hydrogenation demonstrated. We postulate that efficiency stability hydroxide bases make them superior existing amine-based routes direct scalable process.

Language: Английский

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Using paleo-archives to safeguard biodiversity under climate change

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 369(6507)

Published: Aug. 28, 2020

Using the past to inform future The late Quaternary paleorecord, within ∼130,000 years, can help present-day management of Earth's ecosystems and biota under climate change. Fordham et al. review when where rapid transitions be found in paleoclimate record. They show how such events history shape our understanding consequences global warming, including rates biodiversity loss, changes ecosystem structure function, degradation goods services that these provide humanity. also highlight recent developments at intersection paleoecology, paleoclimatology, macroecology opportunities anticipate manage responses species changing climates Anthropocene. Science , this issue p. eabc5654

Language: Английский

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