Abundant fungi adapt to broader environmental gradients than rare fungi in agricultural fields

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 4506 - 4520

Published: April 23, 2020

Abstract Soil communities are intricately linked to ecosystem functioning, and a predictive understanding of how assemble in response environmental change is great ecological importance. Little known about the assembly processes governing abundant rare fungal across agro‐ecosystems, particularly with regard their adaptation. By considering taxa, we tested thresholds phylogenetic signals for preferences complex gradients reflect adaptation, explored factors influencing based on large‐scale soil survey agricultural fields eastern China. We found that taxa exhibited remarkably broader stronger compared taxa. Neutral played key role shaping subcommunity subcommunity. Null model analysis revealed was less clustered phylogenetically governed primarily by dispersal limitation, while homogeneous selection major process available sulfur factor mediating balance between stochastic deterministic both subcommunities, as indicated an increase stochasticity higher concentration. Based macroecological spatial scale datasets, our study potential adaptation identified distinct community fields. These results contribute mechanisms underlying generation maintenance diversity global change.

Language: Английский

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Soil microbial diversity–biomass relationships are driven by soil carbon content across global biomes

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(7), P. 2081 - 2091

Published: Feb. 9, 2021

Abstract The relationship between biodiversity and biomass has been a long standing debate in ecology. Soil are essential drivers of ecosystem functions. However, unlike plant communities, little is known about how the diversity soil microbial communities interlinked across globally distributed biomes, variations this influence function. To fill knowledge gap, we conducted field survey global with contrasting vegetation climate types. We show that carbon (C) content associated to diversity–biomass ratio soils biomes. This provides an integrative index identify those locations on Earth wherein much higher compared vice versa. diversity-to-biomass peaks arid environments low C content, very C-rich cold environments. Our study further advances reductions land use intensification change could cause dramatic shifts diversity-biomass ratio, potential consequences for broad processes.

Language: Английский

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The global-scale distributions of soil protists and their contributions to belowground systems

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(4)

Published: Jan. 24, 2020

Protists are ubiquitous in soil, where they key contributors to nutrient cycling and energy transfer. However, protists have received far less attention than other components of the soil microbiome. We used amplicon sequencing soils from 180 locations across six continents investigate ecological preferences their functional contributions belowground systems. complemented these analyses with shotgun metagenomic 46 validate identities more abundant protist lineages. found that most dominated by consumers, although parasites phototrophs particularly tropical arid ecosystems, respectively. The best predictors composition (primarily annual precipitation) fundamentally distinct those shaping bacterial archaeal communities (namely, pH). Some bacteria co-occur globally, highlighting potential importance largely undescribed interactions. Together, this study allowed us identify living our work providing a cross-ecosystem perspective on factors structuring likely functioning.

Language: Английский

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Global soil microbiomes: A new frontline of biome‐ecology research

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(6), P. 1120 - 1132

Published: March 14, 2022

Abstract Aim Organisms on our planet form spatially congruent and functionally distinct communities, which at large geographical scales are called “biomes”. Understanding their pattern function is vital for sustainable use protection of biodiversity. Current global terrestrial biome classifications based primarily climate characteristics functional aspects plant community assembly. These other existing schemes do not take account soil organisms, including highly diverse important microbial groups. We aimed to define large‐scale structure in the diversity microbes (soil microbiomes), pinpoint environmental drivers shaping it identify resemblance mismatch with schemes. Location Global. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Soil eukaryotes prokaryotes. Methods collected samples from natural environments world‐wide, incorporating most known biomes. used high‐throughput sequencing characterize biotic communities k ‐means clustering microbiomes describing eukaryotic prokaryotic climatic data variables measured field microbiome structure. Results recorded strong correlations among fungal, bacterial, archaeal, animal defined a system (producing seven types six prokaryotes) showed that these typically structured by pH alongside temperature. None directly paralleled any current scheme, substantial prokaryotes cold climates; nor they consistently distinguish grassland forest ecosystems. Main conclusions Existing represent limited surrogate patterns organisms. show empirically attainable using metabarcoding statistical approaches suggest can have wide application theoretical applied biodiversity research.

Language: Английский

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Protist communities are more sensitive to nitrogen fertilization than other microorganisms in diverse agricultural soils

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2019

Agricultural food production is at the base of and fodder, with fertilization having fundamentally continuously increased crop yield over last decades. The performance crops intimately tied to their microbiome as they together form holobionts. importance for plant is, however, notoriously ignored in agricultural systems disconnects dependency plants often plant-beneficial microbial processes. Moreover, we lack a holistic understanding how regimes affect soil microbiome. Here, examined effect 2-year regime (no nitrogen control, fertilization, plus straw amendment) on entire microbiomes (bacteria, fungi, protist) three common types cropped maize two seasons.We found that application fertilizers more strongly affected protist than bacterial fungal communities. Nitrogen indirectly reduced diversity through changing abiotic properties communities which differed between sampling seasons. fertilizer amendment had greater effects physicochemical addition alone. even straw, network complexity, suggesting tightened interactions.Together, our results suggest protists are most susceptible component fertilizers. As also exhibit strongest seasonal dynamics, serve sensitive bioindicators changes. Changes might have long-term if some key hubs govern complexities top predators altered. This study serves stepping stone promote promising agents targeted engineering help reducing exogenous unsustainably high pesticide applications.

Language: Английский

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