Global human influence maps reveal clear opportunities in conserving Earth’s remaining intact terrestrial ecosystems DOI Creative Commons
Jason Riggio, Jonathan Baillie,

Steven P. Brumby

et al.

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 4344 - 4356

Published: June 5, 2020

Abstract Leading up to the Convention on Biological Diversity Conference of Parties 15, there is momentum around setting bold conservation targets. Yet, it remains unclear how much Earth's land area without significant human influence and where this located. We compare four recent global maps influences across land, Anthromes, Global Human Modification, Footprint Low Impact Areas, answer these questions. Despite using various methodologies data, different spatial assessments independently estimate similar percentages terrestrial surface as having very low (20%–34%) (48%–56%) influence. Three out agree 46% non‐permanent ice‐ or snow‐covered However, portions planet are comprised cold (e.g., boreal forests, montane grasslands tundra) arid deserts) landscapes. Only biomes (boreal deserts, temperate coniferous forests have a majority datasets agreeing that at least half their has More concerning, <1% grasslands, tropical dry most datasets, mangroves also identified all datasets. These findings suggest about relatively offers opportunities for proactive actions retain last intact ecosystems planet. though relative abundance ecosystem areas with varies widely by biome, conserving should be high priority before they completely lost.

Language: Английский

The global tree restoration potential DOI Open Access
Jean‐François Bastin, Yelena Finegold, Claude García

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 365(6448), P. 76 - 79

Published: July 4, 2019

The restoration of trees remains among the most effective strategies for climate change mitigation. We mapped global potential tree coverage to show that 4.4 billion hectares canopy cover could exist under current climate. Excluding existing and agricultural urban areas, we found there is room an extra 0.9 cover, which store 205 gigatonnes carbon in areas would naturally support woodlands forests. This highlights as our solution date. However, will alter this coverage. estimate if cannot deviate from trajectory, may shrink by ~223 million 2050, with vast majority losses occurring tropics. Our results highlight opportunity mitigation through but also urgent need action.

Language: Английский

Citations

1759
Scientists' warning on invasive alien species DOI Creative Commons
Petr Pyšek, Philip E. Hulme, Daniel Simberloff

et al.

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 95(6), P. 1511 - 1534

Published: June 25, 2020

ABSTRACT Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers invasive alien species – subset that spread widely areas where they not native, affecting environment or livelihoods increasing. Synergies with other changes exacerbating current facilitating new ones, thereby escalating extent impacts invaders. Invasions have complex often immense long‐term direct indirect impacts. In many cases, such become apparent problematic only when invaders well established large ranges. Invasive break down biogeographic realms, affect native richness abundance, increase risk extinction, genetic composition populations, change animal behaviour, alter phylogenetic diversity across communities, modify trophic networks. Many also ecosystem functioning delivery services by altering nutrient contaminant cycling, hydrology, habitat structure, disturbance regimes. These biodiversity accelerating will further future. Scientific evidence has identified policy strategies to reduce future invasions, but these insufficiently implemented. For some nations, notably Australia New Zealand, biosecurity national priority. There been successes, as eradication rats cats on islands biological control weeds continental areas. However, countries, receive little attention. Improved international cooperation is crucial biodiversity, services, livelihoods. Countries can strengthen their regulations implement enforce more effective management should address interact invasions.

Language: Английский

Citations

1583
A spatial overview of the global importance of Indigenous lands for conservation DOI
Stephen T. Garnett, Neil D. Burgess, Julia E. Fa

et al.

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 1(7), P. 369 - 374

Published: July 9, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

1099
Area-based conservation in the twenty-first century DOI Creative Commons
Sean L. Maxwell, Victor Cazalis, Nigel Dudley

et al.

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 586(7828), P. 217 - 227

Published: Oct. 7, 2020

Humanity will soon define a new era for nature—one that seeks to transform decades of underwhelming responses the global biodiversity crisis. Area-based conservation efforts, which include both protected areas and other effective area-based measures, are likely extend diversify. However, persistent shortfalls in ecological representation management effectiveness diminish potential role stemming loss. Here we show how expansion by national governments since 2010 has had limited success increasing coverage across different elements (ecoregions, 12,056 threatened species, 'Key Biodiversity Areas' wilderness areas) ecosystem services (productive fisheries, carbon on land sea). To be more successful after 2020, must contribute effectively meeting goals—ranging from preventing extinctions retaining most-intact ecosystems—and better collaborate with many Indigenous peoples, community groups private initiatives central biodiversity. The long-term requires parties Convention Biological Diversity secure adequate financing, plan climate change make far stronger part land, water sea policies. conservation—including measures—after 2020 depend securing funding prioritizing management.

Language: Английский

Citations

714
A global-level assessment of the effectiveness of protected areas at resisting anthropogenic pressures DOI Open Access
Jonas Geldmann, Andrea Manica, Neil D. Burgess

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 116(46), P. 23209 - 23215

Published: Oct. 28, 2019

One-sixth of the global terrestrial surface now falls within protected areas (PAs), making it essential to understand how far they mitigate increasing pressures on nature which characterize Anthropocene. In by largest analysis this question date and not restricted forested PAs, we compiled data from 12,315 PAs across 152 countries investigate their ability reduce human pressure varies with socioeconomic management circumstances. While many show positive outcomes, strikingly find that compared matched unprotected areas, have average reduced a compound index change over past 15 y. Moreover, in tropical regions cropland conversion has increased inside even more than areas. However, our results also confirm previous studies forest where are increasing, but less counterfactual Our high national-level development scores experienced lower rates increase y outside area. caution against rapid establishment new without simultaneously addressing conditions needed enable success.

Language: Английский

Citations

535
Protected area targets post-2020 DOI
Piero Visconti, Stuart H. M. Butchart, Thomas M. Brooks

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 364(6437), P. 239 - 241

Published: April 11, 2019

Outcome-based targets are needed to achieve biodiversity goals

Language: Английский

Citations

350
Guidelines for conserving connectivity through ecological networks and corridors DOI Open Access

Jodi Hilty,

Graeme L. Worboys,

Annika T. H. Keeley

et al.

Published: July 7, 2020

IUCN-WCPA's Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines are the world's authoritative resource for protected area managers.Involving collaboration among specialist practitioners dedicated to supporting better implementation of ideas in field, distil learning and advice drawn from across IUCN.Applied they build institutional individual capacity manage

Language: Английский

Citations

299
Global impacts of future urban expansion on terrestrial vertebrate diversity DOI Creative Commons
Guangdong Li, Chuanglin Fang, Yingjie Li

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 25, 2022

Abstract Rapid urban expansion has profound impacts on global biodiversity through habitat conversion, degradation, fragmentation, and species extinction. However, how future will affect needs to be better understood. We contribute filling this knowledge gap by combining spatially explicit projections of under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) with datasets terrestrial (amphibians, mammals, birds). Overall, lead 11–33 million hectares natural loss 2100 the SSP scenarios disproportionately cause large fragmentation. The within current key priority areas is projected higher (e.g., 37–44% in WWF’s Global 200) than average. Moreover, land conversion reduce local within-site richness 34% abundance 52% per 1 km grid cell, 7–9 may lost 10 cell. Our study suggests an urgent need develop a sustainable development pathway balance conservation.

Language: Английский

Citations

296
Biodiversity and Health in the Face of Climate Change DOI
Melissa Marselle, Jutta Stadler,

Horst Korn

et al.

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

270
Changes in human footprint drive changes in species extinction risk DOI Creative Commons
Moreno Di Marco, Oscar Venter, Hugh P. Possingham

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Oct. 30, 2018

Abstract Predicting how species respond to human pressure is essential anticipate their decline and identify appropriate conservation strategies. Both extinction risk change over time, but inter-relationship rarely considered in modelling. Here we measure the relationship between terrestrial footprint (HFP)—representing cumulative on environment—and of world’s mammals. We find values HFP across space, its are significantly correlated trends risk, with higher predictive importance than environmental or life-history variables. The anthropogenic conversion areas low (HFP < 3 out 50) most significant predictor there biogeographical variations. Our framework, calibrated past trends, can be used predict impact increasing biodiversity.

Language: Английский

Citations

255