Progress and Perspectives of Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction on Copper in Aqueous Electrolyte

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 119(12), P. 7610 - 7672

Published: May 22, 2019

To date, copper is the only heterogeneous catalyst that has shown a propensity to produce valuable hydrocarbons and alcohols, such as ethylene ethanol, from electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R). There are variety of factors impact CO2R activity selectivity, including surface structure, morphology, composition, choice electrolyte ions pH, cell design. Many these often intertwined, which can complicate discovery design efforts. Here we take broad historical view different aspects their complex interplay in catalysis on Cu, with purpose providing new insights, critical evaluations, guidance field regard research directions best practices. First, describe various experimental probes complementary theoretical methods have been used discern mechanisms by products formed, next present our current understanding reaction networks for Cu. We then analyze two key attempts alter selectivity Cu: nanostructuring formation bimetallic electrodes. Finally, offer some perspectives future outlook CO2R.

Language: Английский

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What would it take for renewably powered electrosynthesis to displace petrochemical processes?

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 364(6438)

Published: April 25, 2019

BACKGROUND As the world continues to transition toward carbon emissions–free energy technologies, there remains a need also reduce emissions of chemical production industry. Today many world’s chemicals are produced from fossil fuel–derived feedstocks. Electrochemical conversion dioxide (CO 2 ) into feedstocks offers way turn waste valuable products, closing loop. When coupled renewable sources electricity, these products can be made with net negative footprint, helping sequester CO usable goods. Research and development electrocatalytic materials for reduction has intensified in recent years, advances selectivity, efficiency, reaction rate progressing practical implementation. A variety , such as alcohols, oxygenates, synthesis gas (syngas), olefins—staples global Because at substantial scale, switch renewably powered could result impact. The advancement electrochemical technology convert electrons generated power stable form represents one avenue long-term (e.g., seasonal) storage energy. ADVANCES science progress, priority given pinpoint more accurately targets application, economics barriers market entry. It will important scale electrolyzers increase stability catalysts thousands hours continuous operation. Product separation efficient recycling electrolyte managed. petrochemical industry operates massive complicated supply chain heavy capital costs. Commodity markets difficult penetrate priced on feedstock, which is currently inexpensive shale boom. capture costs flue or direct air product unreacted consider. Assuming that technologies apace, what it take disrupt sector, society gain by doing so? This review presents technoeconomic assessment ethylene, ethanol, monoxide, offering target figures merit application. price electricity far largest cost driver. begin match those traditional processes when prices fall below 4 cents per kWh efficiencies reach least 60%. footprint. comparative analysis electrocatalytic, biocatalytic, shows potential yield greatest emissions, provided steady clean available. Additionally, opportunities exist combine range other thermo- biocatalytic slowly electrify existing further upgrade useful chemicals. Technical challenges operating lifetime, discussed. Supply management entrenched industrial competition considered. OUTLOOK There exists increasingly widespread recognition means production. pricing mechanisms being developed seeing increased governmental support. nascent utilization economy gaining traction, startup companies, prizes, research efforts all pursuing new technologies. Recent through use diffusion electrodes pushing current densities selectivities realm use. Despite this remain technical must overcome commercial ultimately decide whether experiences conversion. Reduction using sourced transform commodity fuels.

Language: Английский

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Advances and challenges in understanding the electrocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to fuels

Nature Energy, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 4(9), P. 732 - 745

Published: Sept. 9, 2019

Language: Английский

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Rational catalyst and electrolyte design for CO2 electroreduction towards multicarbon products

Nature Catalysis, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 198 - 210

Published: March 4, 2019

Language: Английский

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Accelerated discovery of CO2 electrocatalysts using active machine learning

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 581(7807), P. 178 - 183

Published: May 13, 2020

Language: Английский

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CO ₂ electrolysis to multicarbon products at activities greater than 1 A cm ⁻²

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 367(6478), P. 661 - 666

Published: Feb. 6, 2020

Electrolysis offers an attractive route to upgrade greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) valuable fuels and feedstocks; however, productivity is often limited by gas diffusion through a liquid electrolyte the surface of catalyst. Here, we present catalyst:ionomer bulk heterojunction (CIBH) architecture that decouples gas, ion, electron transport. The CIBH comprises metal superfine ionomer layer with hydrophobic hydrophilic functionalities extend ion transport from tens nanometers micrometer scale. By applying this design strategy, achieved CO2 electroreduction on copper in 7 M potassium hydroxide (pH ≈ 15) ethylene partial current density 1.3 amperes per square centimeter at 45% cathodic energy efficiency.

Language: Английский

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Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to ethylene and ethanol through hydrogen-assisted C–C coupling over fluorine-modified copper

Nature Catalysis, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(6), P. 478 - 487

Published: April 20, 2020

Language: Английский

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Designing materials for electrochemical carbon dioxide recycling

Nature Catalysis, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 2(8), P. 648 - 658

Published: July 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction into Chemical Feedstocks: From Mechanistic Electrocatalysis Models to System Design

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 31(31)

Published: May 16, 2019

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 is a promising route to convert intermittent renewable energy storable fuels and valuable chemical feedstocks. To scale this technology for industrial implementation, deepened understanding how the reaction (CO2 RR) proceeds will help converge on optimal operating parameters. Here, techno-economic analysis presented with goal identifying maximally profitable products performance targets that must be met ensure economic viability-metrics include current density, Faradaic efficiency, stability. latest computational RR discussed along can contribute rational design efficient, selective, stable electrocatalysts. Catalyst materials are classified according their selectivity interest potential achieve assessed. recent progress opportunities in system electroreduction described. conclude, remaining technological challenges highlighted, suggesting full-cell efficiency as guiding metric impact.

Language: Английский

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Molecular tuning of CO2-to-ethylene conversion

Nature, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 577(7791), P. 509 - 513

Published: Nov. 20, 2019

Language: Английский

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