Advances in oligonucleotide drug delivery

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 673 - 694

Published: Aug. 11, 2020

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles as a next-generation drug delivery platform

Nature Nanotechnology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 748 - 759

Published: July 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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The exosome journey: from biogenesis to uptake and intracellular signalling

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: April 23, 2021

Abstract The use of exosomes in clinical settings is progressively becoming a reality, as trials testing for diagnostic and therapeutic applications are generating remarkable interest from the scientific community investors. Exosomes small extracellular vesicles secreted by all cell types playing intercellular communication roles health disease transferring cellular cargoes such functional proteins, metabolites nucleic acids to recipient cells. An in-depth understanding exosome biology therefore essential ensure development based investigational products. Here we summarise most up-to-date knowkedge about complex biological journey biogenesis secretion, transport uptake their intracellular signalling. We delineate major pathways molecular players that influence each step physiology, highlighting routes interest, which will be benefit manipulation engineering. highlight main controversies field research: adequate definition, characterisation at plasma membrane. also common identified pitfalls affecting research development. Unravelling physiology key ultimate progression towards applications.

Language: Английский

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Pattern recognition receptors in health and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Aug. 4, 2021

Abstract Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of that can directly recognize the specific molecular structures on surface pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged senescent cells. PRRs bridge nonspecific immunity immunity. Through binding ligands, produce anti-infection, antitumor, other immunoprotective effects. Most in innate immune system vertebrates be classified into following five types based protein domain homology: Toll-like (TLRs), nucleotide oligomerization (NOD)-like (NLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like (RLRs), C-type lectin (CLRs), absent melanoma-2 (AIM2)-like (ALRs). basically composed ligand domains, intermediate effector domains. bind their respective ligands recruit adaptor molecules with same structure through initiating downstream signaling pathways to exert In recent years, increased researches have greatly promoted understanding different provided ideas for treatment immune-related diseases even tumors. This review describes detail history, structural characteristics, mechanism, pathway, related disease, new drugs clinical trials therapy PRRs, discusses significance research pattern mechanism PRR-related diseases.

Language: Английский

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Engineering exosomes for targeted drug delivery

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 3183 - 3195

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Exosomes are cell-derived nanovesicles that involved in the intercellular transportation of materials. Therapeutics, such as small molecules or nucleic acid drugs, can be incorporated into exosomes and then delivered to specific types cells tissues realize targeted drug delivery. Targeted delivery increases local concentration therapeutics minimizes side effects. Here, we present a detailed review engineering through genetic chemical methods for Although still its infancy, exosome-mediated boasts low toxicity, immunogenicity, high engineerability, holds promise cell-free therapies wide range diseases.

Language: Английский

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<p>Exosome: A Review of Its Classification, Isolation Techniques, Storage, Diagnostic and Targeted Therapy Applications</p>

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: Volume 15, P. 6917 - 6934

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Exosomes are nano-sized small extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, carrying nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and other bioactive substances to play a role in the body's physiological pathological processes. Compared synthetic carriers such as liposomes nanoparticles, endogeneity heterogeneity of exosomes give them extensive unique advantages field disease diagnosis treatment. However, storage stability, low yield, purity, weak targeting limit its clinical application. For this reason, further exploration is needed optimize above problems facilitate future functional studies exosomes. In paper, origin, classification, preparation characterization, stability applications exosome delivery system summarized discussed searching large number literatures.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes: key players in cancer and potential therapeutic strategy

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Aug. 5, 2020

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells and participate in intercellular communication. The components of exosomes, including proteins, DNA, mRNA, microRNA, long noncoding RNA, circular etc., which play a crucial role regulating tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis the process cancer development, can be used as prognostic marker and/or grading basis for patients. Hereby, we mainly summarized followed: exosome contents cancer, focusing on proteins RNA; interaction between exosomes microenvironment; mechanisms that epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion migration affected exosomes; suppression strategies based exosomes. Finally, application potential clinical diagnosis therapy is prospected, providing theoretical supports using to serve precise treatment clinic.

Language: Английский

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The updated landscape of tumor microenvironment and drug repurposing

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Aug. 25, 2020

Abstract Accumulating evidence shows that cellular and acellular components in tumor microenvironment (TME) can reprogram initiation, growth, invasion, metastasis, response to therapies. Cancer research treatment have switched from a cancer-centric model TME-centric one, considering the increasing significance of TME cancer biology. Nonetheless, clinical efficacy therapeutic strategies targeting TME, especially specific cells or pathways remains unsatisfactory. Classifying chemopathological characteristics crosstalk among one another greatly benefit further studies exploring effective treating methods. Herein, we present an updated image with emphasis on hypoxic niche, immune microenvironment, metabolism acidic innervated mechanical microenvironment. We then summarize conventional drugs including aspirin, celecoxib, β-adrenergic antagonist, metformin, statin new antitumor application. These are considered as viable candidates for combination therapy due their activity extensive use practice. also provide our outlook directions potential applications theory. This review depicts comprehensive vivid landscape biology treatment.

Language: Английский

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Targeting STAT3 in Cancer Immunotherapy

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Sept. 24, 2020

Abstract As a point of convergence for numerous oncogenic signaling pathways, signal transducer and activator transcription 3 (STAT3) is central in regulating the anti-tumor immune response. STAT3 broadly hyperactivated both cancer non-cancerous cells within tumor ecosystem plays important roles inhibiting expression crucial activation regulators promoting production immunosuppressive factors. Therefore, targeting pathway has emerged as promising therapeutic strategy cancers. In this review, we outline importance tumorigenesis its regulation, highlight current status development STAT3-targeting approaches. We also summarize discuss recent advances STAT3-based combination immunotherapy detail. These endeavors provide new insights into translational application may contribute to promotion more effective treatments toward malignancies.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes as a new frontier of cancer liquid biopsy

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2022

Abstract Liquid biopsy, characterized by minimally invasive detection through biofluids such as blood, saliva, and urine, has emerged a revolutionary strategy for cancer diagnosis prognosis prediction. Exosomes are subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that shuttle molecular cargoes from donor cells to recipient play crucial role in mediating intercellular communication. Increasing studies suggest exosomes have great promise serve novel biomarkers liquid since large quantities enriched body fluids involved numerous physiological pathological processes. However, the further clinical application been greatly restrained lack high-quality separation component analysis methods. This review aims provide comprehensive overview on conventional technologies exosome isolation, characterization content detection. Additionally, roles serving potential biopsy diagnosis, treatment monitoring, prediction summarized. Finally, prospects challenges applying exosome-based precision medicine evaluated.

Language: Английский

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