Exosomes: Large-scale production, isolation, drug loading efficiency, and biodistribution and uptake

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 347, P. 533 - 543

Published: May 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Context-specific regulation of extracellular vesicle biogenesis and cargo selection

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 454 - 476

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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A review on exosomes application in clinical trials: perspective, questions, and challenges

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Sept. 19, 2022

Abstract Background Exosomes are progressively known as significant mediators of cell-to-cell communication. They convey active biomolecules to target cells and have vital functions in several physiological pathological processes, show substantial promise novel treatment strategies for diseases. Methods In this review study, we studied numerous articles over the past two decades published on application exosomes different diseases well perspective challenges field. Results The main clinical using them a biomarker, cell-free therapeutic agents, drug delivery carriers, basic analysis exosome kinetics, cancer vaccine. Different from human or plant sources utilized various trials. Most researchers used circulatory system biomarker experiments. Mesenchymal stem (MSCs) dendritic (DCs) widely held cell use. MSCs-derived commonly inflammation delivery, while DCs-exosomes induce response patients. However, faces questions challenges. addition, translation exosome-based trials is required conform specific good manufacturing practices (GMP). review, summarize according type disease. We also address regarding kinetics applications. Conclusions promising platforms many This exciting field developing hastily, understanding underlying mechanisms that direct observed roles remains far complete needs further multidisciplinary research working with these small vesicles.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes─Nature’s Lipid Nanoparticles, a Rising Star in Drug Delivery and Diagnostics

ACS Nano, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 17802 - 17846

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

Exosomes are a subgroup of nanosized extracellular vesicles enclosed by lipid bilayer membrane and secreted most eukaryotic cells. They represent route intercellular communication participate in wide variety physiological pathological processes. The biological roles exosomes rely on their bioactive cargos, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, which delivered to target Their distinctive properties─innate stability, low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, good biomembrane penetration capacity─allow them function as superior natural nanocarriers for efficient drug delivery. Another notably favorable clinical application is diagnostics. hold various biomolecules from host cells, indicative pathophysiological conditions; therefore, they considered vital biomarker discovery Here, we use data the CAS Content Collection provide landscape overview current state delineate trends research advancement exosome applications therapeutics diagnostics across time, geography, composition, cargo loading, development pipelines. We discuss composition pathway, biogenesis secretion cells recipient cell uptake. assess methods isolation purification, therapy diagnostics, pipelines, exploration goals companies, assortment diseases aim treat, stages research, publication trends. hope this review will be useful understanding knowledge field medical exosomes, an effort further solve remaining challenges fulfilling potential.

Language: Английский

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The Machinery of Exosomes: Biogenesis, Release, and Uptake

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 1337 - 1337

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Exosomes are a subtype of membrane-contained vesicles 40–200 nm in diameter that secreted by cells into their surroundings. By transporting proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA, lncRNA, and DNA, exosomes able to perform such vital functions as maintaining cellular homeostasis, removing debris, facilitating intercellular interorgan communication. travel all body fluids deliver molecular messages autocrine, paracrine well endocrine manners. In recent years, there has been an increased interest studying diagnostic markers therapeutic targets, since many disease conditions this machinery becomes dysregulated or hijacked pathological processes. Additionally, delivery exosomal miRNA already shown improve systemic metabolism inhibit progression cancer development mice. However, the subcellular exosomes, including biogenesis, release uptake, remains largely unknown. This review will bring details these processes up date with goal expanding knowledge basis for designing impactful exosome experiments future.

Language: Английский

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Clinical applications of stem cell-derived exosomes

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Abstract Although stem cell-based therapy has demonstrated considerable potential to manage certain diseases more successfully than conventional surgery, it nevertheless comes with inescapable drawbacks that might limit its clinical translation. Compared cells, cell-derived exosomes possess numerous advantages, such as non-immunogenicity, non-infusion toxicity, easy access, effortless preservation, and freedom from tumorigenic ethical issues. Exosomes can inherit similar therapeutic effects their parental cells embryonic adult through vertical delivery of pluripotency or multipotency. After a thorough search meticulous dissection relevant literature the last five years, we present this comprehensive, up-to-date, specialty-specific disease-oriented review highlight surgical application exosomes. derived (e.g., embryonic, induced pluripotent, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, neural, endothelial cells) are capable treating encountered in orthopedic neurosurgery, plastic general cardiothoracic urology, head neck ophthalmology, obstetrics gynecology. The diverse cells-derived hierarchical translation tissue-specific responses, cell-specific molecular signaling pathways. In review, viable potent alternative managing various conditions. We recommend future research combines wisdoms surgeons, nanomedicine practitioners, cell researchers intriguing area.

Language: Английский

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Small extracellular vesicles isolation and separation: Current techniques, pending questions and clinical applications

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(15), P. 6548 - 6575

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Extracellular vesicles, especially small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are now accepted as important messengers in cell-to-cell communication and a promising drug delivery platform.They involved nearly all physiological pathological processes disease diagnosis therapy.However, their heterogeneity of physicochemical properties functions is not fully understood, which hinders further clinical applications.To obtain highly bioactive sEVs with both high yield purity, will certainly facilitate future study application.This review informs up-to-date research on frequently-used cutting-edge technologies isolation makes deep comparison analysis different methods, including advantages, limitations applications.Pending questions about the inherent property these well strategies discussed.Additionally, an overview applications treatment, some on-going trials, also reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Hybrid exosomes, exosome-like nanovesicles and engineered exosomes for therapeutic applications

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 353, P. 1127 - 1149

Published: Dec. 26, 2022

Language: Английский

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A review of the regulatory mechanisms of extracellular vesicles-mediated intercellular communication

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: April 13, 2023

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small, membrane-bound structures that released from cells into the surrounding environment. These can be categorized as exosomes, microvesicles, or apoptotic vesicles, and they play an essential role in intercellular communication. attracting significant clinical interest offer potential for drug delivery, disease diagnosis, therapeutic intervention. To fully understand regulation of communication through EVs, it is to investigate underlying mechanisms. This review aims provide a summary current knowledge on communications involved EV targeting, binding, uptake, well factors influence these interactions. include properties cellular environment, recipient cell. As field EV-related continues expand techniques improve, we expect uncover more information about this complex area, despite limitations our knowledge.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes and cancer - Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic vehicle

Oncogenesis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

Abstract Exosomes belong to a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles secreted by the dynamic multistep endocytosis process and carry diverse functional molecular cargoes, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids (DNA, messenger noncoding RNA), metabolites promote intercellular communication. Proteins RNA are among most abundant contents in exosomes; they have biological functions selectively packaged into exosomes. derived from tumor, stromal immune cells contribute multiple stages cancer progression as well resistance therapy. In this review, we will discuss biogenesis exosomes their roles development. Since specific within originate origin, property allows function valuable biomarkers. We also potential use diagnostic prognostic biomarkers or predictors for different therapeutic strategies cancers. Furthermore, applications direct targets engineered vehicles drugs an important field exosome study. Better understanding biology may pave way promising exosome-based clinical applications.

Language: Английский

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