Organoids

Nature Reviews Methods Primers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Organoids have attracted increasing attention because they are simple tissue-engineered cell-based in vitro models that recapitulate many aspects of the complex structure and function corresponding vivo tissue. They can be dissected interrogated for fundamental mechanistic studies on development, regeneration, repair human tissues. also used diagnostics, disease modeling, drug discovery, personalized medicine. derived from either pluripotent or tissue-resident stem (embryonic adult) progenitor differentiated cells healthy diseased tissues, such as tumors. To date, numerous organoid engineering strategies support culture growth, proliferation, differentiation maturation been reported. This Primer serves to highlight rationale underlying selection development these materials methods control cellular/tissue niche; therefore, engineered organoid. We discuss key considerations generating robust organoids, those related cell isolation seeding, matrix soluble factor selection, physical cues integration. The general standards data quality, reproducibility deposition within community is outlined. Lastly, we conclude by elaborating limitations organoids different applications, priorities coming years.

Language: Английский

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Cell–extracellular matrix mechanotransduction in 3D

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 495 - 516

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Chemical strategies to engineer hydrogels for cell culture

Nature Reviews Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 6(10), P. 726 - 744

Published: Aug. 30, 2022

Language: Английский

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The horizon of bone organoid: A perspective on construction and application

Bioactive Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18, P. 15 - 25

Published: Feb. 5, 2022

Bone defects repair and regeneration by various causes such as tumor resection, trauma, degeneration, etc. have always been a key issue in the clinics. As one of few organs that can regenerate after adulthood, bone itself has strong regenerative ability. In recent decades, tissue engineering technology provides types functional scaffold materials seed cells for repair, which significantly accelerates speed quality regeneration, many clinical problems are gradually solved. However, metabolism mechanism is complicated, research duration long difficult, restricts progress research. Organoids new concept, built vitro with help based on biological theory, simulate complex functions vivo. Once proposed, it shows broad application prospects organ development, drug screening, study, so on. special organ, organoid construction quite challenging. This review will introduce characteristics microenvironment, concept organoids, focus propose strategies construction, study direction, prospects.

Language: Английский

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Engineered hydrogels for mechanobiology

Nature Reviews Methods Primers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Dec. 15, 2022

Language: Английский

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Macrophage autophagy in macrophage polarization, chronic inflammation and organ fibrosis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 6, 2022

As the essential regulators of organ fibrosis, macrophages undergo marked phenotypic and functional changes after injury. These in macrophage phenotype function can result maladaptive repair, causing chronic inflammation development pathological fibrosis. Autophagy, a highly conserved lysosomal degradation pathway, is one major players to maintain homeostasis through clearing protein aggregates, damaged organelles, invading pathogens. Emerging evidence has shown that autophagy plays an role polarization, inflammation, Because high heterogeneity different organs, types may play roles Here, we review current understanding fibrosis highlight potential treatment Finally, important unresolved issues this field are briefly discussed. A better mechanisms contribute developing novel therapies for inflammatory diseases

Language: Английский

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Organoids: The current status and biomedical applications

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(3)

Published: May 17, 2023

Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) miniaturized versions of organs or tissues that derived from cells with stem potential and can self-organize differentiate into 3D cell masses, recapitulating the morphology functions their in vivo counterparts. Organoid culture is an emerging technology, organoids various tissues, such as brain, lung, heart, liver, kidney, have been generated. Compared traditional bidimensional culture, organoid systems unique advantage conserving parental gene expression mutation characteristics, well long-term maintenance function biological characteristics vitro. All these features open up new opportunities for drug discovery, large-scale screening, precision medicine. Another major application disease modeling, especially hereditary diseases difficult to model vitro modeled by combining genome editing technologies. Herein, we introduce development current advances technology field. We focus on applications basic biology clinical research, also highlight limitations future perspectives. hope this review provide a valuable reference developments organoids.

Language: Английский

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Curvature in Biological Systems: Its Quantification, Emergence, and Implications across the Scales

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35(13)

Published: Dec. 3, 2022

Surface curvature both emerges from, and influences the behavior of, living objects at length scales ranging from cell membranes to single cells tissues organs. The relevance of surface in biology is supported by numerous experimental theoretical investigations recent years. In this review, first, a brief introduction key ideas context biological systems given challenges that arise when measuring are discussed. Giving an overview emergence systems, its significance different becomes apparent. On other hand, summarizing current findings also shows entire sheets, or organisms respond modulating their shape migration behavior. Finally, interplay between distribution morphogens micro-organisms across addressed with examples demonstrating these mechanistic principles morphogenesis. Overall, review highlights curved interfaces not merely passive by-product chemical, biological, mechanical processes but acts as signal co-determines processes.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular matrix dynamics: tracking in biological systems and their implications

Journal of Biological Engineering, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: May 30, 2022

Abstract The extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes the main acellular microenvironment of cells in almost all tissues and organs. ECM not only provides mechanical support, but also mediates numerous biochemical interactions to guide cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration. Thus, better understanding everchanging temporal spatial shifts composition structure – dynamics will provide fundamental insight regarding regulation tissue homeostasis how states transition from one another during diverse pathophysiological processes. This review outlines mechanisms mediating ECM-cell highlights changes modulate development disease progression, using lung as primary model organ. We then discuss existing methodologies for revealing compositional dynamics, with a particular focus on tracking newly synthesized proteins. Finally, we ramifications have engineering implement specific microenvironments into bioengineered tissues. Overall, this communicates current capabilities studying native delineates new research directions discovering implementing push frontier forward.

Language: Английский

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Organoids in gastrointestinal diseases: from experimental models to clinical translation

Gut, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(9), P. 1892 - 1908

Published: May 30, 2022

We are entering an era of medicine where increasingly sophisticated data will be obtained from patients to determine proper diagnosis, predict outcomes and direct therapies. that the most valuable produced by systems highly dynamic in both time space. Three-dimensional (3D) organoids poised such a system for variety gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. In lab, have emerged as powerful model molecular cellular processes orchestrating natural pathophysiological human tissue formation remarkable detail. Preclinical studies impressively demonstrated these organs-in-a-dish can used immunological, neoplastic, metabolic or infectious GI disorders taking advantage patient-derived material. Technological breakthroughs now allow study communication mechanisms interorgan cross-talk health disease including along example, gut-brain axis gut-liver axis. Despite considerable success culturing classical 3D various parts tract, some challenges remain develop best help patients. Novel platforms organ-on-a-chip, engineered biomimetic organoids, micromanufacturing, bioprinting enhanced rigour reproducibility open improved avenues engineering, well regenerative personalised medicine. This review highlight established methods also exciting novel perspectives on fields gastroenterology. At present, this field is move forward impact many currently intractable diseases form diagnostics therapeutics.

Language: Английский

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