Cell Atlas of The Human Fovea and Peripheral Retina

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: June 17, 2020

Abstract Most irreversible blindness results from retinal disease. To advance our understanding of the etiology blinding diseases, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze transcriptomes ~85,000 cells fovea and peripheral retina seven adult human donors. Utilizing computational methods, identified 58 cell types within 6 classes: photoreceptor, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, ganglion non-neuronal cells. Nearly all are shared between two regions, but there notable differences in gene expression proportions foveal cohorts types. We then atlas map 636 genes implicated as causes or risk factors for diseases. Many expressed striking class-, type-, region-specific patterns. Finally, compared signatures cynomolgus macaque monkey, Macaca fascicularis . show that over 90% correspond transcriptomically those previously macaque, disease-related is largely conserved species. These validate use modeling disease, provide a foundation investigating molecular mechanisms underlying visual processing.

Language: Английский

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A Review of Human Physiological Responses to Light: Implications for the Development of Integrative Lighting Solutions

LEUKOS The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 387 - 414

Published: March 26, 2021

Architectural lighting has potent biological effects but applied practices that capitalize on this potential have been limited. In review, we endeavor to consolidate and synthesize key references will be useful for professionals, with the goal of supporting knowledge translation into pragmatic strategies. Specifically, explain relevant terminology, outline basic concepts, identify references, provide a balanced overview current state knowledge, highlight important remaining questions. We summarize physiological light human health well-being, including description processes underlying photic regulation circadian, neuroendocrine, neurobehavioral functions. review seminal work elucidating elements mediating potency these responses, specific attention factors critical interpreting those findings. parallel, endorse melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminance (Ev,melD65) as preferred measure quantify light. Ultimately, while future studies are necessary further facilitate laboratory domestic workplace settings, immediate better support is clear. Aiming integrative solutions biologically high during day low night perhaps most improvement made in order applications humans.

Language: Английский

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Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells of the Human Retina

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 25, 2021

Light profoundly affects our mental and physical health. In particular, light, when not delivered at the appropriate time, may have detrimental effects. mammals, light is perceived only by rods cones but also a subset of retinal ganglion cells that express photopigment melanopsin renders them intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs). ipRGCs participate in contrast detection play critical roles non-image-forming vision, set responses include circadian entrainment, pupillary reflex (PLR), modulation sleep/alertness, mood. are found human retina, their response to has been characterized indirectly through suppression nocturnal melatonin PLR. However, until recently, had rarely investigated directly. This gap progressively being filled as, over last years, an increasing number studies provided descriptions morphology, gene expression. Here, I review progress knowledge ipRGCs, different morphological functional subtypes described so far how they match murine subtypes. highlight questions remain be addressed. Investigating as these few major role well-being. Additionally, display increased vulnerability or resilience certain disorders compared conventional RGCs, deeper function could help identify therapeutic approaches develop diagnostic tools. Overall, better understanding eye will deliver precise usage recommendations implement light-based interventions improve cognitive performance, mood, life quality.

Language: Английский

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The cognitive impact of light: illuminating ipRGC circuit mechanisms

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 159 - 175

Published: Jan. 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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Diversity of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells: circuits and functions

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 78(3), P. 889 - 907

Published: Sept. 23, 2020

Language: Английский

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The Role of Daylight for Humans: Gaps in Current Knowledge

Clocks & Sleep, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 61 - 85

Published: Feb. 28, 2020

Daylight stems solely from direct, scattered and reflected sunlight, undergoes dynamic changes in irradiance spectral power composition due to latitude, time of day, year the nature physical environment (reflections, buildings vegetation). Humans their ancestors evolved under these natural day/night cycles over millions years. Electric light, a relatively recent invention, interacts competes with light–dark cycle impact human biology. What are consequences living industrialised urban areas much less daylight more use electric throughout day (and at night), on general health quality life? In this workshop report, we have classified key gaps knowledge research into three main groups: (I) uncertainty as quantity needed for “optimal” physiological psychological functioning, (II) lack consensus practical measurement assessment methods tools monitoring real (day) light exposure across multiple scales, (III) insufficient integration exchange bases different disciplines. Crucial short long-term objectives fill proposed.

Language: Английский

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Circadian Photoentrainment in Mice and Humans

Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 180 - 180

Published: July 21, 2020

Light around twilight provides the primary entrainment signal for circadian rhythms. Here we review mechanisms and responses of mouse human systems to light. Both utilize a network photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (pRGCs) expressing photopigment melanopsin (OPN4). In both species action spectra functional expression OPN4 in vitro show that has λmax close 480 nm. Anatomical findings demonstrate there are multiple pRGC sub-types, with some evidence mice, but little humans, regarding their roles regulating physiology behavior. Studies non-human primates rods cones project can modulate light pRGCs. Such an integration signals enables detect dim light, higher intensities intermittent exposure, whilst measures bright over extended periods time. Although photoreceptor similar, sensitivity thresholds differ markedly between mice humans. Mice entrain at approximately 1 lux few minutes, humans require high irradiance (>100's lux) long duration (>30 min). The basis this difference remains unclear. As our exposure is highly dynamic, because interactions complex difficult model, attempts develop evidence-based lighting enhance very challenging. A way forward will be define artificial natural "real world" where intensity, duration, spectral quality, time day, history age each assessed.

Language: Английский

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Human-centric lighting: Myth, magic or metaphor?

Lighting Research & Technology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 53(2), P. 97 - 118

Published: Oct. 6, 2020

This paper discusses the rise of human-centric lighting and its current status in lighting. We summarise human benefits associated with light show that has sound motivations, despite being tainted by misleading marketing claims. The phrase integrative avoids hype encapsulates what aspires to be. Embodied these concepts are some things old new. is twofold. First, without diminishing value products, core ingredient for good outcomes design, driven a design team. Second, still vision, visibility, visual comfort amenity as important ever. Complementing new awareness responsibility how influence non-visual responses humans. Circadian, neuroendocrine neurobehavioural health should be considered on-par responses. leads toward solutions increased contrast between day night. parties responsible addressing evolving. Architects, professionals, equipment manufacturers, medical building owners individuals all have stake, but who drive decisions proportion?

Language: Английский

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Human-Centric Lighting: Foundational Considerations and a Five-Step Design Process

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 27, 2021

At its best, human-centric lighting considers the visual and non-visual effects of light in support positive human outcomes. worst, it is a marketing phrase used to healthwash products or design solutions. There no doubt that environmental contributes health, but how might one practice given both credible potential implausible hype? Marketing literature filled with promises. Technical societies have summarized science not yet offered guidance. Meanwhile, designers are middle, attempting distinguish knowledge from which dubious make decisions affect people directly. This article intended to: (1) empower reader fundamental understandings ways affects health; (2) provide process for can dovetail decision-making already part designer's workflow.

Language: Английский

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The Lighting Environment, Its Metrology, and Non-visual Responses

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 4, 2021

International standard CIE S 026:2018 provides lighting professionals and field researchers in chronobiology with a method to characterize light exposures respect non-visual photoreception responses. This defines five spectral sensitivity functions that describe optical radiation for its ability stimulate each of the α-opic retinal photoreceptor classes contribute effects humans via intrinsically-photosensitive ganglion cells (ipRGCs). The also recently published an open-access toolbox calculates all quantities ratios metrology photometric, radiometric photon systems, based on either measured (user-defined) spectrum or selected illuminants (A, D65, E, FL11, LED-B3) built into toolbox. For wide variety ecologically-valid conditions, melanopsin-based ipRGCs has been shown account responses, from shifting timing nocturnal sleep melatonin secretion regulating steady-state pupil diameter. Recent findings continue confirm photopigment melanopsin plays role visual may have significant influence brightness perception aspects spatial vision. Although knowledge concerning extent which rods cones interact driving is still growing, position statement used melanopic equivalent daylight (D65) illuminance preliminary guidance applying “proper at proper time” manipulate Further this approach awaited participants 2nd Workshop Circadian Neurophysiological Photometry (in Manchester, August 2019). new 026 enables traceable measurements formal, quantitative specification personal exposures, photic interventions designs. Here, we apply everyday sources including natural time series, range LED products and, using toobox, smartphone display screen. collection examples suggests ways variations content over day can be adopted strategies use support human health well-being.

Language: Английский

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