Cholesterol transport and beyond: Illuminating the versatile functions of HDL apolipoproteins through structural insights and functional implications DOI Creative Commons

Aishwarya Sudam Bhale,

Olivier Meilhac,

Christian Lefebvre d’Hellencourt

et al.

BioFactors, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50(5), P. 922 - 956

Published: April 25, 2024

Abstract High‐density lipoproteins (HDLs) play a vital role in lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health, as they are intricately involved cholesterol transport inflammation modulation. The proteome of HDL particles is indeed complex distinct from other components the bloodstream. Proteomics studies have identified nearly 285 different proteins associated with HDL; however, this review focuses more on 15 or so traditionally named “apo” lipoproteins. Important metabolizing enzymes closely working apolipoproteins also discussed. Apolipoproteins stand out for their integral stability, structure, function, metabolism. unique structure functions each apolipoprotein influence important processes such regulation These interactions shape stability performance particles. HDLs multifaceted roles beyond diseases (CVDs) various physiological disease states. Therefore, detailed exploration these can offer valuable insights into potential diagnostic markers therapeutic targets. This comprehensive article aims to provide an in‐depth understanding apolipoproteins, highlighting structures, functions, contributions processes. Exploiting knowledge holds great improving enhancing efflux, modulating inflammatory processes, ultimately benefiting individuals by limiting risks CVDs inflammation‐based pathologies. Understanding nature all expands our metabolism, sheds light pathological implications, paves way advancements diagnosis, prevention, treatment inflammatory‐related disorders.

Language: Английский

Atherosclerosis: Recent developments DOI Creative Commons
Johan Björkegren, Aldons J. Lusis

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(10), P. 1630 - 1645

Published: May 1, 2022

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the large arteries that major cause cardiovascular (CVD) and stroke. Here, we review current understanding molecular, cellular, genetic, environmental contributions to atherosclerosis, from both individual pathway systems perspectives. We place emphasis on recent developments, some which have yielded unexpected biology, including previously unknown heterogeneity smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic lesions, roles for senescence clonal hematopoiesis, links gut microbiome.

Language: Английский

Citations

666
Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and clinical implications DOI Creative Commons
Herbert Tilg, Timon E. Adolph, Michael Trauner

et al.

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(11), P. 1700 - 1718

Published: Oct. 7, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

364
Gut-derived low-grade endotoxaemia, atherothrombosis and cardiovascular disease DOI Open Access
Francesco Violi, Vittoria Cammisotto,

Simona Bartimoccia

et al.

Nature Reviews Cardiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 24 - 37

Published: July 15, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

191
Gut–liver axis: barriers and functional circuits DOI
Oliver Pabst, Mathias W. Hornef, Frank G. Schaap

et al.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 447 - 461

Published: April 21, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

166
“Sweet death”: Fructose as a metabolic toxin that targets the gut-liver axis DOI Creative Commons
Mark A. Febbraio, Michael Karin

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33(12), P. 2316 - 2328

Published: Oct. 8, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

106
Dose-effect of polystyrene microplastics on digestive toxicity in chickens (Gallus gallus): Multi-omics reveals critical role of gut-liver axis DOI Creative Commons

Kai Yin,

Dongxu Wang, Yue Zhang

et al.

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 52, P. 3 - 18

Published: Nov. 10, 2022

Microplastic pollution seriously threatens the health and safety of humans wildlife. Avian is one main species endangered by microplastics. However, damage mechanism microplastics to digestive system avian not clear. The gut-liver axis a bidirectional channel that regulates exchange information between gut liver also key target for tissue caused pollutants. This study aimed elucidate toxicity in role it. We constructed an exposure model environmental concentrations toxicological chickens reveal polystyrene (PS-MPs) 16S rRNA, transcriptomics metabolomics. PS-MPs changed death mode from apoptosis necrosis pyroptosis upregulating Caspase 8, disrupting intestinal vascular barrier, disturbing flora promoting accumulation lipopolysaccharide. Harmful metabolites were translocated through liver-gut axis, eliciting hepatic immune responses lipid metabolism disorders apoptosis. Liver injury involves multiple molecular effects mitochondrial dynamics disturbance, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum cell cycle disturbance. Furthermore, metabolomics suggested caffeine melanin may be potential natural resistance substances Taken together, our data demonstrate avian, revealing critical will provide reference protecting populations.

Language: Английский

Citations

75
HDL Function and Atherosclerosis: Reactive Dicarbonyls as Promising Targets of Therapy DOI
MacRae F. Linton, Patricia G. Yancey, Tao Huan

et al.

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 132(11), P. 1521 - 1545

Published: May 25, 2023

Epidemiologic studies detected an inverse relationship between HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), identifying HDL-C as a major risk factor for ASCVD suggesting atheroprotective functions of HDL. However, the role mediator has been called into question by failure HDL-C-raising drugs to reduce events in clinical trials. Progress understanding heterogeneous nature particles terms their protein, lipid, small RNA composition contributed realization that do not necessarily reflect function. The most examined function is reverse transport, whereby removes from plaque macrophage foam cells delivers it liver processing excretion bile. Indeed, several studies, shown associations efflux capacity humans. Inflammation plays key pathogenesis atherosclerosis vulnerable formation, fundamental suppression inflammatory signaling macrophages other cells. Oxidation also critical process promoting atherogenic oxidative modifications LDL (low-density cellular inflammation. its proteins including apoAI (apolipoprotein AI) PON1 (paraoxonase 1) prevent stress modifications. Importantly, humans with oxidatively modified rendering dysfunctional proinflammatory. Modification reactive carbonyl species, such malondialdehyde isolevuglandins, dramatically impairs antiatherogenic treatment murine models scavengers dicarbonyls improves reduces systemic inflammation, development, features instability. Here, we discuss relation potential dicarbonyl therapeutic approach ASCVD.

Language: Английский

Citations

50
What defines a healthy gut microbiome? DOI
Matthias Van Hul, Patrice D. Cani, Camille Petitfils

et al.

Gut, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 73(11), P. 1893 - 1908

Published: Sept. 25, 2024

The understanding that changes in microbiome composition can influence chronic human diseases and the efficiency of therapies has driven efforts to develop microbiota-centred such as first next generation probiotics, prebiotics postbiotics, microbiota editing faecal transplantation. Central research is how disease impacts vice versa, yet there a problematic issue with term 'dysbiosis', which broadly links microbial imbalances various illnesses without precision or definition. Another significant discussions defining 'healthy individuals' ascertain what characterises healthy microbiome. This involves questioning who represents healthiest segment our population-whether it those free from illnesses, athletes at peak performance, individuals living healthily through regular exercise good nutrition even elderly adults centenarians have been tested by time achieved remarkable longevity.This review advocates for delineating 'what defines microbiome?' considering broader range factors related health environmental influences on microbiota. A undoubtedly linked gut health. Nevertheless, very difficult pinpoint universally accepted definition 'gut health' due complexities measuring functionality besides composition. We must take into account individual variabilities, diet, lifestyle, host factors. Moreover, challenge distinguishing causation correlation between overall presented.The also highlights resource-heavy nature comprehensive assessments, hinders their practicality broad application. Finally, we call continued nuanced approach better understand intricate evolving concept health, emphasising need more precise inclusive definitions methodologies studying

Language: Английский

Citations

43
Single-site iron-anchored amyloid hydrogels as catalytic platforms for alcohol detoxification DOI Creative Commons
Jiaqi Su, Pengjie Wang, Wei Zhou

et al.

Nature Nanotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. 1168 - 1177

Published: May 13, 2024

Abstract Constructing effective antidotes to reduce global health impacts induced by alcohol prevalence is a challenging topic. Despite the positive effects observed with intravenous applications of natural enzyme complexes, their insufficient activities and complicated usage often result in accumulation toxic acetaldehyde, which raises important clinical concerns, highlighting pressing need for stable oral strategies. Here we present an solution detoxification employing biomimetic-nanozyme amyloid hydrogel as orally administered catalytic platform. We exploit fibrils derived from β-lactoglobulin, readily accessible milk protein that rich coordinable nitrogen atoms, nanocarrier stabilize atomically dispersed iron (ferrous-dominated). By emulating coordination structure horseradish peroxidase enzyme, single-site nanozyme demonstrates capability selectively catalyse oxidation into acetic acid, opposed more acetaldehyde. Administering gelatinous mice suffering intoxication significantly reduced blood-alcohol levels (decreased 55.8% 300 min post-alcohol intake) without causing additional acetaldehyde build-up. Our further protective effect on liver, while simultaneously mitigating intestinal damage dysbiosis associated chronic consumption, introducing promising strategy detoxification.

Language: Английский

Citations

26
Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and medical perspective in chronic liver diseases DOI Creative Commons
Susana Rodrigues, Van der Merwe, Aleksander Krag

et al.

Seminars in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 71, P. 101859 - 101859

Published: Jan. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

19