Organoid intelligence (OI): the new frontier in biocomputing and intelligence-in-a-dish

Frontiers in Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Recent advances in human stem cell-derived brain organoids promise to replicate critical molecular and cellular aspects of learning memory possibly cognition vitro . Coining the term “organoid intelligence” (OI) encompass these developments, we present a collaborative program implement vision multidisciplinary field OI. This aims establish OI as form genuine biological computing that harnesses using scientific bioengineering an ethically responsible manner. Standardized, 3D, myelinated can now be produced with high cell density enriched levels glial cells gene expression for learning. Integrated microfluidic perfusion systems support scalable durable culturing, spatiotemporal chemical signaling. Novel 3D microelectrode arrays permit high-resolution electrophysiological signaling recording explore capacity recapitulate mechanisms formation and, ultimately, their computational potential. Technologies could enable novel biocomputing models via stimulus-response training organoid-computer interfaces are development. We envisage complex, networked whereby connected real-world sensors output devices, ultimately each other sensory organ (e.g. retinal organoids), trained biofeedback, big-data warehousing, machine methods. In parallel, emphasize embedded ethics approach analyze ethical raised by research iterative, manner involving all relevant stakeholders. The many possible applications this urge strategic development discipline. anticipate OI-based allow faster decision-making, continuous during tasks, greater energy data efficiency. Furthermore, “intelligence-in-a-dish” help elucidate pathophysiology devastating developmental degenerative diseases (such dementia), potentially aiding identification therapeutic approaches address major global unmet needs.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in regenerative biomaterials

Regenerative Biomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Nowadays, biomaterials have evolved from the inert supports or functional substitutes to bioactive materials able trigger promote regenerative potential of tissues. The interdisciplinary progress has broadened definition 'biomaterials', and a typical new insight is concept tissue induction biomaterials. term 'regenerative biomaterials' thus contents this article are relevant yet beyond This review summarizes recent medical including metals, ceramics, hydrogels, other polymers bio-derived materials. As application aspects concerned, introduces for bone cartilage regeneration, cardiovascular repair, 3D bioprinting, wound healing cosmetology. Cell-biomaterial interactions highlighted. Since global pandemic coronavirus disease 2019, particularly mentions public health emergency. In last section, perspectives suggested: (i) creation source innovation; (ii) modification existing an effective strategy performance improvement; (iii) biomaterial degradation regeneration required be harmonious with each other; (iv) host responses can significantly influence clinical outcomes; (v) long-term outcomes should paid more attention to; (vi) noninvasive approaches monitoring

Language: Английский

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The emergence and influence of internal states

Neuron, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 110(16), P. 2545 - 2570

Published: May 27, 2022

Language: Английский

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A mechanism for inter-areal coherence through communication based on connectivity and oscillatory power

Neuron, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(24), P. 4050 - 4067.e12

Published: Oct. 12, 2021

Inter-areal coherence between field potentials is a widespread phenomenon in cortex. Coherence has been hypothesized to reflect phase-synchronization oscillators and flexibly gate communication according behavioral cognitive demands. We reveal an alternative mechanism where not the cause but consequence of naturally emerges because spiking activity sending area causes post-synaptic both same other areas. Consequently, depends lawful manner on power phase-locking sender connectivity. Changes oscillatory explained prominent changes fronto-parietal LGN-V1 across conditions. Optogenetic experiments excitatory-inhibitory network simulations identified afferent synaptic inputs rather than entrainment as principal determinant coherence. These findings suggest that unique spectral profiles different brain areas automatically give rise large-scale patterns follow anatomical connectivity continuously reconfigure function behavior cognition.

Language: Английский

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A unifying perspective on neural manifolds and circuits for cognition

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 363 - 377

Published: April 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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Fluorescence imaging of large-scale neural ensemble dynamics

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(1), P. 9 - 41

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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The fast continuous wavelet transformation (fCWT) for real-time, high-quality, noise-resistant time–frequency analysis

Nature Computational Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2(1), P. 47 - 58

Published: Jan. 27, 2022

Abstract The spectral analysis of signals is currently either dominated by the speed–accuracy trade-off or ignores a signal’s often non-stationary character. Here we introduce an open-source algorithm to calculate fast continuous wavelet transform (fCWT). parallel environment fCWT separates scale-independent and scale-dependent operations, while utilizing optimized Fourier transforms that exploit downsampled wavelets. benchmarked for speed against eight competitive algorithms, tested on noise resistance validated synthetic electroencephalography in vivo extracellular local field potential data. shown have accuracy CWT, 100 times higher resolution than algorithms equal speed, be 122 34 faster reference fastest state-of-the-art implementations demonstrate its real-time performance, as confirmed ratio. provides improved balance between accuracy, which enables real-time, wide-band, high-quality, time–frequency noisy signals.

Language: Английский

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Ultraflexible electrode arrays for months-long high-density electrophysiological mapping of thousands of neurons in rodents

Nature Biomedical Engineering, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(4), P. 520 - 532

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

Language: Английский

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Identifying behavioral structure from deep variational embeddings of animal motion

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Nov. 18, 2022

Abstract Quantification and detection of the hierarchical organization behavior is a major challenge in neuroscience. Recent advances markerless pose estimation enable visualization high-dimensional spatiotemporal behavioral dynamics animal motion. However, robust reliable technical approaches are needed to uncover underlying structure these data segment into discrete hierarchically organized motifs. Here, we present an unsupervised probabilistic deep learning framework that identifies from variational embeddings motion (VAME). By using mouse model beta amyloidosis as use case, show VAME not only motifs, but also captures representation motif’s usage. The approach allows for grouping motifs communities differences community-specific motif usage individual cohorts were undetectable by human visual observation. Thus, segmentation applicable wide range experimental setups, models conditions without requiring supervised or a-priori interference.

Language: Английский

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Representational drift: Emerging theories for continual learning and experimental future directions

Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 76, P. 102609 - 102609

Published: Aug. 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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