Signaling inflammation across the gut-brain axis

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 374(6571), P. 1087 - 1092

Published: Nov. 25, 2021

The brain and gastrointestinal tract are critical sensory organs responsible for detecting, relaying, integrating, responding to signals derived from the internal external environment. At interface of this function, immune cells in intestines consistently survey environmental factors, eliciting responses that inform on physiological state body. Recent research reveals cross-talk along gut-brain axis regulates inflammatory nociception, responses, homeostasis. Here, we discuss molecular cellular mechanisms involved signaling inflammation across axis. We further highlight interactions between gut inflammation-associated diseases.

Language: Английский

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Heterogeneity of meningeal B cells reveals a lymphopoietic niche at the CNS borders

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 373(6553)

Published: June 3, 2021

The meninges contain adaptive immune cells that provide immunosurveillance of the central nervous system (CNS). These are thought to derive from systemic circulation. Through single-cell analyses, confocal imaging, bone marrow chimeras, and parabiosis experiments, we show meningeal B locally calvaria, which harbors a niche for hematopoiesis. reach calvaria through specialized vascular connections. This calvarial-meningeal path cell development may CNS with constant supply educated by antigens. Conversely, subset antigen-experienced populate in aging mice blood-borne. results identify private source cells, help maintain privilege within CNS.

Language: Английский

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Tissue-specific macrophages: how they develop and choreograph tissue biology

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(9), P. 563 - 579

Published: March 15, 2023

Macrophages are innate immune cells that form a 3D network in all our tissues, where they phagocytose dying and cell debris, complexes, bacteria other waste products. Simultaneously, produce growth factors signalling molecules — such activities not only promote host protection response to invading microorganisms but also crucial for organ development homeostasis. There is mounting evidence of macrophages orchestrating fundamental physiological processes, as blood vessel formation, adipogenesis, metabolism central peripheral neuronal function. In parallel, novel methodologies have led the characterization tissue-specific macrophages, with distinct subpopulations these showing different developmental trajectories, transcriptional programmes life cycles. Here, we summarize growing knowledge macrophage diversity how subsets orchestrate tissue We further interrelate ontogeny their core functions across is, events within niche may control functionality during development, homeostasis ageing. Finally, highlight open questions will need be addressed by future studies better understand subsets. important immunity infections clearing products from maintain health regulating metabolism, many biological processes. Elvira Mass co-workers discuss populations found throughout body, highlighting shared unique aspects functions.

Language: Английский

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The Glymphatic System: A Novel Component of Fundamental Neurobiology

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(37), P. 7698 - 7711

Published: Sept. 15, 2021

Throughout the body, lymphatic fluid movement supports critical functions including clearance of excess and metabolic waste. The glymphatic system is analog in CNS. As such, plays a key role regulating directional interstitial movement, waste clearance, and, potentially, brain immunity. enables bulk CSF from subarachnoid space along periarterial spaces, where it mixes with within parenchyma before ultimately exiting via perivenous spaces. This review focuses on important questions about structure this system, why needs transport unexplored aspects transport. We provide evidence that astrocytes blood vessels determine shape perivascular space, controlling fluid. Glymphatic has potential to alter local as well global signaling molecules metabolites. also highlight for cross talk among cardiovascular gastrointestinal tract, system. Much remains be studied, but we propose glymphatic/lymphatic acts cornerstone between body.

Language: Английский

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The immunology of multiple sclerosis

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(12), P. 734 - 750

Published: May 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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Identification of a choroid plexus vascular barrier closing during intestinal inflammation

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 374(6566), P. 439 - 448

Published: Oct. 22, 2021

Up to 40% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease present psychosocial disturbances. We previously identified a gut vascular barrier that controls the dissemination bacteria from intestine liver. Here, we describe in brain choroid plexus (PVB) is modulated response intestinal inflammation through bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide. The induces PVB closure after opening by up-regulation wingless-type, catenin-beta 1 (Wnt/β-catenin) signaling pathway, rendering it inaccessible large molecules. In model genetically driven endothelial cells, observed deficit short-term memory and anxiety-like behavior, suggesting may correlate mental deficits. Inflammatory disease–related symptoms thus be consequence deregulated gut–brain axis.

Language: Английский

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Immune Pathways in Etiology, Acute Phase, and Chronic Sequelae of Ischemic Stroke

Circulation Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 130(8), P. 1167 - 1186

Published: April 14, 2022

Inflammation and immune mechanisms are crucially involved in the pathophysiology of development, acute damage cascades, chronic course after ischemic stroke. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, and, addition to classical risk factors, maladaptive lead increased Accordingly, individuals with signs inflammation or corresponding biomarkers have Anti-inflammatory drugs, such as IL (interleukin)-1β blockers, methotrexate, colchicine, represent attractive treatment strategies prevent vascular events Lately, COVID-19 pandemic shows a clear association between SARS-CoV2 infections cerebrovascular events. Furthermore, both innate adaptive systems influence cerebral cascades Neutrophils, monocytes, microglia, well T B lymphocytes each play complex interdependent roles that synergize remove dead tissue but also can cause bystander injury intact brain cells generate inflammation. Chronic systemic comorbid may unfavorably outcome stroke recurrence for further In addition, triggers specific depression, which turn promote infections. Recent research now increasingly addressing question extent long-term particular, complications poststroke dementia even depression.

Language: Английский

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Transforming the understanding of brain immunity

Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 380(6640)

Published: April 6, 2023

Contemporary studies have completely changed the view of brain immunity from envisioning as isolated and inaccessible to peripheral immune cells an organ in close physical functional communication with system for its maintenance, function, repair. Circulating reside special niches brain's borders, choroid plexus, meninges, perivascular spaces, which they patrol sense a remote manner. These niches, together meningeal lymphatic skull microchannels, provide multiple routes interaction between system, addition blood vasculature. In this Review, we describe current ideas about their implications aging, diseases, immune-based therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

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The neuroimmune axis of Alzheimer’s disease

Genome Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 26, 2023

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a genetically complex and heterogeneous disorder with multifaceted neuropathological features, including β-amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation. Over the past decade, emerging evidence has implicated both beneficial pathological roles for innate immune genes cells, peripheral cells such as T which can infiltrate brain either ameliorate or exacerbate AD neuropathogenesis. These findings support neuroimmune axis of AD, in interplay adaptive systems inside outside critically impacts etiology pathogenesis AD. In this review, we discuss complexities neuropathology at levels genetics cellular physiology, highlighting signaling pathways associated risk interactions among brain. We emphasize role mechanisms by monocytes, influence neuropathology, microglial clearance amyloid-β peptide, key component plaque cores, pro-inflammatory cytotoxic activity microglia, astrogliosis, their vasculature. Finally, review challenges outlook establishing immune-based therapies treating preventing

Language: Английский

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Emerging roles of innate and adaptive immunity in Alzheimer’s disease

Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(12), P. 2236 - 2254

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Language: Английский

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